Fabrizio Benedetti
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199559121
- eISBN:
- 9780191724022
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199559121.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Systems
One of the most widespread words in medicine is the placebo and placebo effect, although it is not always clear what it means exactly. Recent progress in biomedical research has allowed a better ...
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One of the most widespread words in medicine is the placebo and placebo effect, although it is not always clear what it means exactly. Recent progress in biomedical research has allowed a better clarification of the placebo effect. This is an active psychobiological phenomenon which takes place in the patient's brain and that is capable of influencing both the course of a disease and the response to a therapy. The psychosocial context around the patient is crucial to placebo effects, for example the doctor's words and attitudes, and this may have a profound impact on the patient's brain which, in turn, may affect several physiological functions of the body. This book emphasizes that there is not a single placebo effect but many. The book critically reviews them in different medical conditions, such as pain, neurological disorders, psychiatric and behavioural disorders, immune and endocrine systems, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorders, as well as some special conditions, such as oncology, surgery, sports medicine, and acupuncture.Less
One of the most widespread words in medicine is the placebo and placebo effect, although it is not always clear what it means exactly. Recent progress in biomedical research has allowed a better clarification of the placebo effect. This is an active psychobiological phenomenon which takes place in the patient's brain and that is capable of influencing both the course of a disease and the response to a therapy. The psychosocial context around the patient is crucial to placebo effects, for example the doctor's words and attitudes, and this may have a profound impact on the patient's brain which, in turn, may affect several physiological functions of the body. This book emphasizes that there is not a single placebo effect but many. The book critically reviews them in different medical conditions, such as pain, neurological disorders, psychiatric and behavioural disorders, immune and endocrine systems, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, gastrointestinal and genitourinary disorders, as well as some special conditions, such as oncology, surgery, sports medicine, and acupuncture.
J. T. Vallance
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198242482
- eISBN:
- 9780191680489
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198242482.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
An ancient doctor who advocated the therapeutic benefits of wine and passive exercise was bound to be successful. However, Asclepiades of Bithynia did far more than reform much of traditional ...
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An ancient doctor who advocated the therapeutic benefits of wine and passive exercise was bound to be successful. However, Asclepiades of Bithynia did far more than reform much of traditional Hippocratic therapeutic practice; he devised an extraordinary physical theory which he used to explain all biological phenomena in uniformly simple terms. His work laid the theoretical basis for the anti-theoretical medical sect called Methodism. For his trouble he was despised by his intellectual progeny and, more importantly perhaps, by Galen. None of his work survives intact, but copious ancient testimonia relating to him allow us to reconstruct many details of the theory. His ideas offer us a fascinating glimpse of how Hellenistic philosophy and medicine interacted, and provide an introduction to one of the most intriguing doctrinal disputes in Greek science.Less
An ancient doctor who advocated the therapeutic benefits of wine and passive exercise was bound to be successful. However, Asclepiades of Bithynia did far more than reform much of traditional Hippocratic therapeutic practice; he devised an extraordinary physical theory which he used to explain all biological phenomena in uniformly simple terms. His work laid the theoretical basis for the anti-theoretical medical sect called Methodism. For his trouble he was despised by his intellectual progeny and, more importantly perhaps, by Galen. None of his work survives intact, but copious ancient testimonia relating to him allow us to reconstruct many details of the theory. His ideas offer us a fascinating glimpse of how Hellenistic philosophy and medicine interacted, and provide an introduction to one of the most intriguing doctrinal disputes in Greek science.
Margaret Robbins
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192626219
- eISBN:
- 9780191730016
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192626219.001.0001
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Palliative Medicine Research, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making
The past 30 years has seen a huge expansion in the provision of palliative care services. Because palliative medicine is a multidisciplinary specialty – combining the expertise of oncologists, ...
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The past 30 years has seen a huge expansion in the provision of palliative care services. Because palliative medicine is a multidisciplinary specialty – combining the expertise of oncologists, anaesthetists, nurses, and many other therapeutic groups – the effectiveness of such treatment can be very difficult to measure. Additionally, research involving terminally ill patients and their carers can also present a number of practical and ethical problems. In spite of this, current health policy demands evidence of the effectiveness and value for money of health service interventions at all levels of complexity, including the service level. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of the evaluation of palliative care services. It examines the methodological issues involved in the evaluation of palliative care and outlines a practical approach that is readily applicable to many other health care interventions. In particular, research issues involving terminally ill patients and their carers are analysed and discussed, and approaches suggested for future work.Less
The past 30 years has seen a huge expansion in the provision of palliative care services. Because palliative medicine is a multidisciplinary specialty – combining the expertise of oncologists, anaesthetists, nurses, and many other therapeutic groups – the effectiveness of such treatment can be very difficult to measure. Additionally, research involving terminally ill patients and their carers can also present a number of practical and ethical problems. In spite of this, current health policy demands evidence of the effectiveness and value for money of health service interventions at all levels of complexity, including the service level. This book provides an introduction to the theory and practice of the evaluation of palliative care services. It examines the methodological issues involved in the evaluation of palliative care and outlines a practical approach that is readily applicable to many other health care interventions. In particular, research issues involving terminally ill patients and their carers are analysed and discussed, and approaches suggested for future work.
Dominic J. O’Meara
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199285532
- eISBN:
- 9780191717819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285532.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This chapter considers the second, judicial branch of political science, with particular reference to penology. What is the purpose of punishment? The Neoplatonic interpretation of Plato’s penology ...
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This chapter considers the second, judicial branch of political science, with particular reference to penology. What is the purpose of punishment? The Neoplatonic interpretation of Plato’s penology (is punishment purely therapeutic?) is discussed, as this penology is expressed in Plato’s eschatology. Reference is also made to the specific example of a letter prescribing desirable practice in the exercise of justice, Sopartos’ letter to Himerios.Less
This chapter considers the second, judicial branch of political science, with particular reference to penology. What is the purpose of punishment? The Neoplatonic interpretation of Plato’s penology (is punishment purely therapeutic?) is discussed, as this penology is expressed in Plato’s eschatology. Reference is also made to the specific example of a letter prescribing desirable practice in the exercise of justice, Sopartos’ letter to Himerios.
Francis Wing-lin Lee
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028801
- eISBN:
- 9789882207226
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028801.003.0017
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
In putting a stop to the criminalization process, the gradual procession in which a juvenile delinquent develops into an adult criminal because of insufficient intervention, intermediate intervention ...
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In putting a stop to the criminalization process, the gradual procession in which a juvenile delinquent develops into an adult criminal because of insufficient intervention, intermediate intervention is employed. This program enables the court to require attendance in one or more treatment groups for the probation order of a young offender. Effective rehabilitation and aftercare supervision involve measuring the effects of these programs through analyzing both hard and soft data. Whether these supervision measures are based on group guidance or individual work or interviews, mutual trust proves to be an integral factor. Before a consensus is arrived at regarding the most appropriate RJ measures, it is important that a mixed criminal justice model be continuously applied. This chapter emphasizes the need for utilizing CBTs, participation in therapeutic treatment groups, and support for these groups.Less
In putting a stop to the criminalization process, the gradual procession in which a juvenile delinquent develops into an adult criminal because of insufficient intervention, intermediate intervention is employed. This program enables the court to require attendance in one or more treatment groups for the probation order of a young offender. Effective rehabilitation and aftercare supervision involve measuring the effects of these programs through analyzing both hard and soft data. Whether these supervision measures are based on group guidance or individual work or interviews, mutual trust proves to be an integral factor. Before a consensus is arrived at regarding the most appropriate RJ measures, it is important that a mixed criminal justice model be continuously applied. This chapter emphasizes the need for utilizing CBTs, participation in therapeutic treatment groups, and support for these groups.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This book studies activism against child sexual abuse, tracing it from its emergence in feminist anti‐rape efforts, through the development of mainstream self‐help, conflicts with an opposing ...
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This book studies activism against child sexual abuse, tracing it from its emergence in feminist anti‐rape efforts, through the development of mainstream self‐help, conflicts with an opposing movement, and entry into mass media and public policy. Activists sought to change their feelings about child sexual abuse, to challenge its cultural invisibility, and to gain institutional resources. Elaborating a “therapeutic politics,” activists saw tactics for changing the self and emotion as crucial for widespread social change and combined them with efforts to change institutions and the state. The book argues that these tactics were a challenge to efforts by the state and powerful institutions to shape the self; activists against child sexual abuse played an important part in developing and disseminating the therapeutic politics that have become important to many social movements. The book conceptualizes the selection processes by which some movement goals entered mainstream media and public policy, while others did not. As activists engaged with the state and opposing movements, shifting political winds pulled them toward formulations of child sexual abuse as a medical or criminal problem and away from emphases on gender and power. Like many social movements, it achieved social change that was a mixture of compromise, cooptation, and gains. The book thus sheds light on the processes of incomplete social change that characterize contemporary politics in the United States.Less
This book studies activism against child sexual abuse, tracing it from its emergence in feminist anti‐rape efforts, through the development of mainstream self‐help, conflicts with an opposing movement, and entry into mass media and public policy. Activists sought to change their feelings about child sexual abuse, to challenge its cultural invisibility, and to gain institutional resources. Elaborating a “therapeutic politics,” activists saw tactics for changing the self and emotion as crucial for widespread social change and combined them with efforts to change institutions and the state. The book argues that these tactics were a challenge to efforts by the state and powerful institutions to shape the self; activists against child sexual abuse played an important part in developing and disseminating the therapeutic politics that have become important to many social movements. The book conceptualizes the selection processes by which some movement goals entered mainstream media and public policy, while others did not. As activists engaged with the state and opposing movements, shifting political winds pulled them toward formulations of child sexual abuse as a medical or criminal problem and away from emphases on gender and power. Like many social movements, it achieved social change that was a mixture of compromise, cooptation, and gains. The book thus sheds light on the processes of incomplete social change that characterize contemporary politics in the United States.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195304718
- eISBN:
- 9780199786572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195304713.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter presents an integrated, moral-therapeutic perspective on pathological gambling. Such a perspective emphasizes helping individuals to accept responsibility, where responsibility refers to ...
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This chapter presents an integrated, moral-therapeutic perspective on pathological gambling. Such a perspective emphasizes helping individuals to accept responsibility, where responsibility refers to obligations rather than to blame. It understands therapy as a special moral context rather than as replacing morality. The perspective highlights how habits shape identity and conduct, how loss of self-control is both an impairment and morally objectionable, and how moral values partly define problem gambling. It makes sense of how addictions, whether or not they involve ingested substances, can be both wrongdoing and sickness.Less
This chapter presents an integrated, moral-therapeutic perspective on pathological gambling. Such a perspective emphasizes helping individuals to accept responsibility, where responsibility refers to obligations rather than to blame. It understands therapy as a special moral context rather than as replacing morality. The perspective highlights how habits shape identity and conduct, how loss of self-control is both an impairment and morally objectionable, and how moral values partly define problem gambling. It makes sense of how addictions, whether or not they involve ingested substances, can be both wrongdoing and sickness.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195304718
- eISBN:
- 9780199786572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195304713.003.0009
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter presents an integrated, moral-therapeutic perspective on crime and punishment. It begins by noting how the morality-therapy dichotomy constricted classical debates about punishment. ...
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This chapter presents an integrated, moral-therapeutic perspective on crime and punishment. It begins by noting how the morality-therapy dichotomy constricted classical debates about punishment. Using as examples kleptomania (compare compulsive gambling) and drug abuse (compare alcoholism), it is shown how serious crime can be both a wrongdoing and a sickness. These examples are familiar in debates about therapeutic approaches to crime, and they provide continuity with the preceding discussions of addictions. The chapter then discusses the possibility of extending a moral-therapeutic approach to other serious crime, and concludes with comments on legal insanity.Less
This chapter presents an integrated, moral-therapeutic perspective on crime and punishment. It begins by noting how the morality-therapy dichotomy constricted classical debates about punishment. Using as examples kleptomania (compare compulsive gambling) and drug abuse (compare alcoholism), it is shown how serious crime can be both a wrongdoing and a sickness. These examples are familiar in debates about therapeutic approaches to crime, and they provide continuity with the preceding discussions of addictions. The chapter then discusses the possibility of extending a moral-therapeutic approach to other serious crime, and concludes with comments on legal insanity.
Timothy Matovina
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139791
- eISBN:
- 9781400839735
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139791.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Early Christian Studies
This chapter talks about how the transition from immigrant to U.S.-born generations is at the heart of the evangelization challenge among Latinos. As they begin to surpass their parents' and ...
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This chapter talks about how the transition from immigrant to U.S.-born generations is at the heart of the evangelization challenge among Latinos. As they begin to surpass their parents' and grandparents' often limited formal education, young Latinos need catechesis that engages their minds as well as their hearts. They need formation in Catholic faith and teachings that both addresses that reality and builds on their elders' religious traditions. When Catholic families, parishes, schools, and youth ministries do not provide formation that takes into account young Latinos' background and life situation, they are more likely to become adherents of moralistic therapeutic deism, participants in Pentecostal or evangelical churches, or progressively detached from any religious practice or tradition.Less
This chapter talks about how the transition from immigrant to U.S.-born generations is at the heart of the evangelization challenge among Latinos. As they begin to surpass their parents' and grandparents' often limited formal education, young Latinos need catechesis that engages their minds as well as their hearts. They need formation in Catholic faith and teachings that both addresses that reality and builds on their elders' religious traditions. When Catholic families, parishes, schools, and youth ministries do not provide formation that takes into account young Latinos' background and life situation, they are more likely to become adherents of moralistic therapeutic deism, participants in Pentecostal or evangelical churches, or progressively detached from any religious practice or tradition.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The introduction gives an overview of the development of activism against child sexual abuse from the 1970s to the 2000s and traces the changes in cultural and political responses to child sexual ...
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The introduction gives an overview of the development of activism against child sexual abuse from the 1970s to the 2000s and traces the changes in cultural and political responses to child sexual abuse during that period. It shows the emergence of the movement in feminist activism and its growth outside feminism, arguing that it represents unexpected outcomes of the women's movement. It argues that activism against child sexual abuse shares qualities with, and sheds light on, the rise of self‐help and politics focused on emotion and the self as well as how social movements engage with the therapeutic state. The introduction develops the concept of selection processes, by which some movement goals and frames enter mainstream culture or public policy while others remain outside. It argues that the politics of child sexual abuse are better explained in terms of social movements than as a social problem or a moral panic. Finally, it discusses the methods of the study and gives background information about child sexual abuse.Less
The introduction gives an overview of the development of activism against child sexual abuse from the 1970s to the 2000s and traces the changes in cultural and political responses to child sexual abuse during that period. It shows the emergence of the movement in feminist activism and its growth outside feminism, arguing that it represents unexpected outcomes of the women's movement. It argues that activism against child sexual abuse shares qualities with, and sheds light on, the rise of self‐help and politics focused on emotion and the self as well as how social movements engage with the therapeutic state. The introduction develops the concept of selection processes, by which some movement goals and frames enter mainstream culture or public policy while others remain outside. It argues that the politics of child sexual abuse are better explained in terms of social movements than as a social problem or a moral panic. Finally, it discusses the methods of the study and gives background information about child sexual abuse.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter focuses on the state and public policy from the 1970s through the early 1990s, showing that state apparatus dealing with child sexual abuse was a location of both opportunity and ...
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This chapter focuses on the state and public policy from the 1970s through the early 1990s, showing that state apparatus dealing with child sexual abuse was a location of both opportunity and constraint for activists. The chapter analyzes the conditions under which activists engaged with the state, including the growth of child protective services and professional treatment organizations. Tracing legislation and funding, the chapter shows how federal funding for addressing child sexual abuse sometimes supported grassroots and activist organizations, including activist abuse prevention groups, and was an important force in the movement's increasing entry into the mainstream. At the same time, selection processes favored medical and criminal approaches over those of the earlier activists, even while they often mandated community involvement in funded initiatives. The chapter shows the shifting priorities and funding levels over time and links them to larger political shifts and emerging coalitions among activists and professionals from different political perspectives. The chapter also discusses theories of the therapeutic state and argues that the case of child sexual abuse shows that activists resisted the therapeutic state even as they engaged with it.Less
This chapter focuses on the state and public policy from the 1970s through the early 1990s, showing that state apparatus dealing with child sexual abuse was a location of both opportunity and constraint for activists. The chapter analyzes the conditions under which activists engaged with the state, including the growth of child protective services and professional treatment organizations. Tracing legislation and funding, the chapter shows how federal funding for addressing child sexual abuse sometimes supported grassroots and activist organizations, including activist abuse prevention groups, and was an important force in the movement's increasing entry into the mainstream. At the same time, selection processes favored medical and criminal approaches over those of the earlier activists, even while they often mandated community involvement in funded initiatives. The chapter shows the shifting priorities and funding levels over time and links them to larger political shifts and emerging coalitions among activists and professionals from different political perspectives. The chapter also discusses theories of the therapeutic state and argues that the case of child sexual abuse shows that activists resisted the therapeutic state even as they engaged with it.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter returns to the question of activists' engagement with the state, examining the different forms that movement organizations' relationships with state authorities took during the 1990s and ...
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This chapter returns to the question of activists' engagement with the state, examining the different forms that movement organizations' relationships with state authorities took during the 1990s and 2000s, when the therapeutic state around child sexual abuse was well‐developed, and shows the kinds of access and compromise these relationships brought. It discusses entry of activists into state agencies, movement organizations' professionalization, and increasing funding to provide services to the state, arguing that some groups became part of a para‐state. It traces organizations' use of crime victims compensation funds and activists' attempts to increase criminal and civil penalties for child sexual abuse Finally, the chapter analyzes newer organizations' involvement with public health initiatives to prevent child sexual abuse. Overall, the chapter argues that activists' involvement with the state was shaped by the priorities and pressures of the state, showing the continued power of medical and criminal approaches over others. Yet activists, particularly in the public health wing, continued to bring larger political goals into their work, illustrating the paradoxical nature of social movement outcomes.Less
This chapter returns to the question of activists' engagement with the state, examining the different forms that movement organizations' relationships with state authorities took during the 1990s and 2000s, when the therapeutic state around child sexual abuse was well‐developed, and shows the kinds of access and compromise these relationships brought. It discusses entry of activists into state agencies, movement organizations' professionalization, and increasing funding to provide services to the state, arguing that some groups became part of a para‐state. It traces organizations' use of crime victims compensation funds and activists' attempts to increase criminal and civil penalties for child sexual abuse Finally, the chapter analyzes newer organizations' involvement with public health initiatives to prevent child sexual abuse. Overall, the chapter argues that activists' involvement with the state was shaped by the priorities and pressures of the state, showing the continued power of medical and criminal approaches over others. Yet activists, particularly in the public health wing, continued to bring larger political goals into their work, illustrating the paradoxical nature of social movement outcomes.
Nancy Whittier
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195325102
- eISBN:
- 9780199869350
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195325102.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The conclusion sums up the ways that the movement against child sexual abuse sought to achieve change, and the ways that the external context shaped those changes and the movement itself, shedding ...
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The conclusion sums up the ways that the movement against child sexual abuse sought to achieve change, and the ways that the external context shaped those changes and the movement itself, shedding light on social movements more broadly. Activists against child sexual abuse did not achieve the changes they expected, but they contributed to dramatic changes in how people think and feel about child sexual abuse, how those who experience it cope and respond, how children who report it are treated, how it is represented in the mass media, and how government and public policy address it. In doing so, they also helped shape a politics that infused other social movements, blending emotion and policy, changing both individuals' inner worlds and the larger social world.Less
The conclusion sums up the ways that the movement against child sexual abuse sought to achieve change, and the ways that the external context shaped those changes and the movement itself, shedding light on social movements more broadly. Activists against child sexual abuse did not achieve the changes they expected, but they contributed to dramatic changes in how people think and feel about child sexual abuse, how those who experience it cope and respond, how children who report it are treated, how it is represented in the mass media, and how government and public policy address it. In doing so, they also helped shape a politics that infused other social movements, blending emotion and policy, changing both individuals' inner worlds and the larger social world.
Mark R. Sanderson and Jane V. Skelly (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198520979
- eISBN:
- 9780191706295
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198520979.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
Macromolecular crystallography is the study of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) using X-ray crystallographic techniques in order to determine their molecular structure. The knowledge of ...
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Macromolecular crystallography is the study of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) using X-ray crystallographic techniques in order to determine their molecular structure. The knowledge of accurate molecular structures is a pre-requisite for rational drug design, and for structure-based function studies to aid the development of effective therapeutic agents and drugs. The successful determination of the complete genome (genetic sequence) of several species (including humans) has recently directed scientific attention towards identifying the structure and function of the complete complement of proteins that make up that species; a new and rapidly growing field of study called ‘structural genomics’. There are now several important and well-funded global initiatives in operation to identify all of the proteins of key model species. One of the main requirements for these initiatives is a high-throughput crystallization facility to speed-up the protein identification process. The extent to which these technologies have advanced calls for an updated review of current crystallographic theory and practice. This book features the latest conventional and high-throughput methods, and includes contributions from a team of internationally recognized leaders and experts.Less
Macromolecular crystallography is the study of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) using X-ray crystallographic techniques in order to determine their molecular structure. The knowledge of accurate molecular structures is a pre-requisite for rational drug design, and for structure-based function studies to aid the development of effective therapeutic agents and drugs. The successful determination of the complete genome (genetic sequence) of several species (including humans) has recently directed scientific attention towards identifying the structure and function of the complete complement of proteins that make up that species; a new and rapidly growing field of study called ‘structural genomics’. There are now several important and well-funded global initiatives in operation to identify all of the proteins of key model species. One of the main requirements for these initiatives is a high-throughput crystallization facility to speed-up the protein identification process. The extent to which these technologies have advanced calls for an updated review of current crystallographic theory and practice. This book features the latest conventional and high-throughput methods, and includes contributions from a team of internationally recognized leaders and experts.
Voula Tsouna
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199292172
- eISBN:
- 9780191711770
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199292172.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
This book presents a study of the ethics of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus, who taught Virgil, influenced Horace, and was praised by Cicero. His works have only recently become available to ...
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This book presents a study of the ethics of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus, who taught Virgil, influenced Horace, and was praised by Cicero. His works have only recently become available to modern readers, through the decipherment of a papyrus carbonized by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The book examines Philodemus' theoretical principles in ethics, his contributions to moral psychology, his method, his conception of therapy, and his therapeutic techniques. Part I begins with an outline of the fundamental principles of Philodemus' ethics in connection with the canonical views of the Epicurean school, and highlights his own original contributions. In addition to examining central features of Philodemus' hedonism, the book analyses central concepts in his moral psychology, notably: his conception of vices, which it compares with that of the virtues; his account of harmful or unacceptable emotions or passions; and his theory of corresponding acceptable emotions or ‘bites’. The book then turns to an investigation of Philodemus' conception of philosophy as medicine and of the philosopher as a kind of doctor for the soul. By surveying his methods of treatment, the book determines the place that they occupy in the therapeutics of the Hellenistic era. Part II uses the theoretical framework provided in Part I to analyse Philodemus' main ethical writings. The works considered focus on certain vices and harmful emotions, including flattery, arrogance, greed, anger, and fear of death, as well as traits related to the administration of property and wealth.Less
This book presents a study of the ethics of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus, who taught Virgil, influenced Horace, and was praised by Cicero. His works have only recently become available to modern readers, through the decipherment of a papyrus carbonized by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The book examines Philodemus' theoretical principles in ethics, his contributions to moral psychology, his method, his conception of therapy, and his therapeutic techniques. Part I begins with an outline of the fundamental principles of Philodemus' ethics in connection with the canonical views of the Epicurean school, and highlights his own original contributions. In addition to examining central features of Philodemus' hedonism, the book analyses central concepts in his moral psychology, notably: his conception of vices, which it compares with that of the virtues; his account of harmful or unacceptable emotions or passions; and his theory of corresponding acceptable emotions or ‘bites’. The book then turns to an investigation of Philodemus' conception of philosophy as medicine and of the philosopher as a kind of doctor for the soul. By surveying his methods of treatment, the book determines the place that they occupy in the therapeutics of the Hellenistic era. Part II uses the theoretical framework provided in Part I to analyse Philodemus' main ethical writings. The works considered focus on certain vices and harmful emotions, including flattery, arrogance, greed, anger, and fear of death, as well as traits related to the administration of property and wealth.
Eugene Baker
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195393804
- eISBN:
- 9780199863495
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195393804.003.0013
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
In the context of Employment Assistance Programs (EAP), personalizing treatment means distinguishing those who could benefit from psychotherapy versus medication, and using the review of ...
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In the context of Employment Assistance Programs (EAP), personalizing treatment means distinguishing those who could benefit from psychotherapy versus medication, and using the review of neurocognitive markers to facilitate therapeutic conversations between the client and clinician, thereby building the treatment alliance. This chapter outlines this context and illustrates an exemplar to achieve this using WebNeuro as a clinical decision support tool for EAP practitioners. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are an existing prelude to personalized medicine in clinical practice and delivery of overall healthcare programs that best match each individual.Less
In the context of Employment Assistance Programs (EAP), personalizing treatment means distinguishing those who could benefit from psychotherapy versus medication, and using the review of neurocognitive markers to facilitate therapeutic conversations between the client and clinician, thereby building the treatment alliance. This chapter outlines this context and illustrates an exemplar to achieve this using WebNeuro as a clinical decision support tool for EAP practitioners. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are an existing prelude to personalized medicine in clinical practice and delivery of overall healthcare programs that best match each individual.
Jennifer Radden and John Z. Sadler
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195389371
- eISBN:
- 9780199866328
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195389371.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, General
Chapter 2 puts forward a systematic and developed rationale for the view introduced previously that psychiatry requires its own ethics. Few aspects of psychiatric practice are medically unique, yet ...
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Chapter 2 puts forward a systematic and developed rationale for the view introduced previously that psychiatry requires its own ethics. Few aspects of psychiatric practice are medically unique, yet taken together a set of elements differentiates psychiatry as a unique healing practice. These elements include patient vulnerability, attitudes towards psychiatric symptoms, stigma and controversy over mental disorder in our culture, and the nature of the therapeutic project in psychiatry. These are analyzed, together with more recent factors influencing practice, in particular, managed care delivery systems, and the advent of consumer movements made up of mental health service users.Less
Chapter 2 puts forward a systematic and developed rationale for the view introduced previously that psychiatry requires its own ethics. Few aspects of psychiatric practice are medically unique, yet taken together a set of elements differentiates psychiatry as a unique healing practice. These elements include patient vulnerability, attitudes towards psychiatric symptoms, stigma and controversy over mental disorder in our culture, and the nature of the therapeutic project in psychiatry. These are analyzed, together with more recent factors influencing practice, in particular, managed care delivery systems, and the advent of consumer movements made up of mental health service users.
Jerome Neu
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314311
- eISBN:
- 9780199871780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314311.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
Why should understanding lead to forgiveness? What is it about knowledge of the cause of an offense that makes it not an offense or less of an offense? Does such knowledge affect the character of the ...
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Why should understanding lead to forgiveness? What is it about knowledge of the cause of an offense that makes it not an offense or less of an offense? Does such knowledge affect the character of the harm inflicted or does the forgiveness depend on other conditions of anger? And when should understanding lead to forgiveness? After all, every action has some explanation. Is any explanation enough for forgiveness, or are only certain ones of the appropriate kind? Which? What are the implications of these questions for contemporary therapeutic movements that urge forgiveness (of self and others) as a step toward self-healing?Less
Why should understanding lead to forgiveness? What is it about knowledge of the cause of an offense that makes it not an offense or less of an offense? Does such knowledge affect the character of the harm inflicted or does the forgiveness depend on other conditions of anger? And when should understanding lead to forgiveness? After all, every action has some explanation. Is any explanation enough for forgiveness, or are only certain ones of the appropriate kind? Which? What are the implications of these questions for contemporary therapeutic movements that urge forgiveness (of self and others) as a step toward self-healing?
Frances Platt and Steven Walkley (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198508786
- eISBN:
- 9780191723803
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198508786.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by severe pathology, typically involving the brain. Although individually rare, they collectively represent a significant ...
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Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by severe pathology, typically involving the brain. Although individually rare, they collectively represent a significant group of diseases that primarily present in early infancy or childhood. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to disordered function of the lysosomal system and to lysosomal storage. Unravelling the basis for these diseases is providing unique insight into the normal biology of cells and pointing the way to the development of therapeutic strategies for their treatment. This book details recent advances in the molecular and cellular pathologies of these diseases and in the development of effective therapies. After an overview of the biology of the endosomal-lysosomal system and the types of diseases resulting from defects in this system, the book describes in detail the molecular mechanisms of storage, model systems and pathophysiological mechanisms, and finally, new advances toward treatment.Less
Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by severe pathology, typically involving the brain. Although individually rare, they collectively represent a significant group of diseases that primarily present in early infancy or childhood. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to disordered function of the lysosomal system and to lysosomal storage. Unravelling the basis for these diseases is providing unique insight into the normal biology of cells and pointing the way to the development of therapeutic strategies for their treatment. This book details recent advances in the molecular and cellular pathologies of these diseases and in the development of effective therapies. After an overview of the biology of the endosomal-lysosomal system and the types of diseases resulting from defects in this system, the book describes in detail the molecular mechanisms of storage, model systems and pathophysiological mechanisms, and finally, new advances toward treatment.
Joel Weinberger, Tanya Cotler, and Daniel Fishman
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195335156
- eISBN:
- 9780199776955
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335156.003.0016
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Those who study implicit motives and those who study clinical psychology are often ignorant of one another’s work. Yet, they have much to offer one another. Satisfying dominant implicit motives ...
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Those who study implicit motives and those who study clinical psychology are often ignorant of one another’s work. Yet, they have much to offer one another. Satisfying dominant implicit motives results in a sense of well-being. Frustrating them results in unhappiness and even psychopathology. The interaction of explicit motives and implicit motives is also clinically relevant. When they are in harmony, the outcome is usually positive; when they conflict, negative outcomes ensue. Models by Kuhl and by Freud are reviewed to explain these findings. Kuhl’s is shown to have empirical support. Freud’s has not yet been adequately tested. The next focus is on psychotherapeutic treatment. The most clearly established variable underlying successful psychotherapy is the therapeutic relationship. The therapeutic relationship may be partly understood through implicit motivation. It is argued that the oneness motive, an implicit motive revolving around a need to belong to or be part of something larger than the self, partly underlies the therapeutic relationship and its ameliorative effects. The oneness motive is defined and supporting data are reviewed. Special attention is paid to data relating to clinical populations. These results are then applied to the therapeutic relationship.Less
Those who study implicit motives and those who study clinical psychology are often ignorant of one another’s work. Yet, they have much to offer one another. Satisfying dominant implicit motives results in a sense of well-being. Frustrating them results in unhappiness and even psychopathology. The interaction of explicit motives and implicit motives is also clinically relevant. When they are in harmony, the outcome is usually positive; when they conflict, negative outcomes ensue. Models by Kuhl and by Freud are reviewed to explain these findings. Kuhl’s is shown to have empirical support. Freud’s has not yet been adequately tested. The next focus is on psychotherapeutic treatment. The most clearly established variable underlying successful psychotherapy is the therapeutic relationship. The therapeutic relationship may be partly understood through implicit motivation. It is argued that the oneness motive, an implicit motive revolving around a need to belong to or be part of something larger than the self, partly underlies the therapeutic relationship and its ameliorative effects. The oneness motive is defined and supporting data are reviewed. Special attention is paid to data relating to clinical populations. These results are then applied to the therapeutic relationship.
