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When an observer is faced with a straight photograph, the observer can either look at the image or look into the photograph. This manner of observing photographs presents a difference that is crucial. In the former case, the observer is aware of the photograph as a physical object in a physical space while in the latter, the observer is aware of the pictorial object in a pictorial space. This chapter focuses on the current understanding of pictorial perception and the structure of pictorial space. Pictorial space is different from physical space in that it does not exist outside of the observer's awareness. It is a thread of consciousness and a purely mental object. In contrast, the photograph as a physical object is a mere planar sheet composed of pigments in a certain simultaneous order. The concepts of pictorial object and scene is not limited to the earlier existence of a physical space that figured casually in the present existence of the photograph. The theory of pictorial space is largely derived from psychophysical data. The measurement of it depends on the idiosyncratic movements of the mental eye. It is purely an ‘intentional entity’ that makes its elusive to physiological methods and susceptible to misconception.

This chapter deals with the stable parametrized h-cobordism theorem. It begins with a discussion of the manifold part; here DIFF is written for the category of Csuperscript infinity smooth manifolds, PL for the category of piecewise-linear manifolds, and TOP for the category of topological manifolds. CAT is generically written for any one of these geometric categories. Relevant terms such as stabilization map, simple map, pullback map, PL Serre fibrations, weak homotopy equivalence, PL Whitehead space, and cofibration are also defined. The chapter proceeds by describing the non-manifold part, the algebraic K-theory of spaces, and the relevance of simple maps to the study of PL homeomorphisms of manifolds.

This chapter addresses two crucial issues surrounding Henri Lefebvre’s theory of space. First, what does it mean to read Lefebvre’s Marxist theory in line with the regression of socialism after the end of the Soviet Union and other socialist states, after the vanishing international communist movements, and after the decline of the communist parties? Second, what is the relevance of Lefebvre’s work for urban research today after the political and economic end of the regimes that instrumentalized Marxist rhetoric? This chapter explains the frailty of this theory by giving a historical account of its formulation.

Max Boisot left a legacy of educational theory and practice, although it was not a major focus of his writings. Therefore, this chapter attempts to codify some of Max’s innovative approaches to educational theory and practice. This chapter seeks to: 1) continue to build a bridge between educational theory and practice by use of the I-Space, 2) pull together some of Max Boisot’s nascent educational ideas so they can be more widely diffused, and 3) discuss some of Max Boisot’s innovative educational practices and how they can help the field of management education to attune its philosophy and practice more precisely to the need of the executives, managers and students it is eager to reach and impact. In order to supplement Max Boisot’s writing on education several former students and colleagues were interviewed. The chapter describes examples of the educational innovations that Max Boisot developed in the areas of: 1) educational philosophy, 2) educational design, 3) educational methodology/ instructional design, 4) educational technology, 5) transfer of knowledge, and 6) reception of knowledge. The power of the I-Space to transform our educational understanding and practice is discussed in detail.

Von Samsonow argues that architecture can play an important role in the framework of contemporary speculative philosophy as it is founded on geology. Speculative philosophy might engage architecture to rediscover and reintegrate the geo-historical foundations of being as well as of architecture. Contemporary architecture is critizised being largely driven by a feeling of resentment towards the earth.  Architecture is of ontological interest because it borrows its key function from geology; from the arrangement of various materials, offering spaces or biotopes. In contemporary architecture however, this function got lost. Whereas old architecture seeks to ground dwelling in the earth and invites our bodies to understand what the earth can be to it, contemporary architecture disregards the body and is fixated on the eye, making architecture an issue of vision. Contemporary architecture is pure pornography; it simulates sensations and affirms the logic of capitalism. It degenerates the original earth to dirt and replaces it with an artificial earth, that is erected upwards in the form of an overground, which forms the anti-thesis to the earth. Von Samsonow calls this the 'takeoff strategy' of contemporary architecture. Because it is driven by a theoretical pre-oedipalization, speculative philosophy may play an important role in the regrounding of contemporary architectures takeoff strategy. To understand this we have to look at Meillassouxs concept of the ancestral object, that gives us the existence of the earth prior to thought and knowledge. Von Samsonow interprets this ancestral object as a symbolic mother, in order to open up the possiblity of thinking the earth in terms of universal generation. From the point of view of the earth itself, it is filled up with objects generated by her; there is no distinction between organic and inorganic or between (natural) generation and (technical) production. Von Samsonow calls the quest for ancestrality the gaia-istic turn in speculative philosophy. This turn has revolutionary potential.