David Albert Jones
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199213009
- eISBN:
- 9780191707179
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213009.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter examines the evidence for anticlericalism during the period, paying particular attention to the suggestions of considerable levels of anticlericalism in the late 17th and early 18th ...
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This chapter examines the evidence for anticlericalism during the period, paying particular attention to the suggestions of considerable levels of anticlericalism in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and in the early 19th century. It considers the levels of hostility shown to the established Church and the clergy by dissenters from the Church, and the activities of satirists and the press, especially over the collection of tithes, and the establishment of the Church.Less
This chapter examines the evidence for anticlericalism during the period, paying particular attention to the suggestions of considerable levels of anticlericalism in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and in the early 19th century. It considers the levels of hostility shown to the established Church and the clergy by dissenters from the Church, and the activities of satirists and the press, especially over the collection of tithes, and the establishment of the Church.
Priya Satia
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195331417
- eISBN:
- 9780199868070
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331417.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter explains that the British state also wanted to hide the covert empire from its own public. Besides opting for cheap schemes that would escape the check of taxpayers (air control and an ...
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This chapter explains that the British state also wanted to hide the covert empire from its own public. Besides opting for cheap schemes that would escape the check of taxpayers (air control and an informal intelligence network), it also used censorship and the literary skills of its agent-bureaucrats to control information about the region. The public became increasingly suspicious of the state's betrayal of wartime promises of redemption in the Middle East, suspicions expressed in an emerging critique of state secrecy. At the center of this contest between the state and the public were the famous intelligence agents associated with the Middle East: to the public they were proof that the state possessed an effective covert arm and propaganda machine, and to the state they were proof that criticism of British activity in Iraq was the result of conspiracy by renegade agents.Less
This chapter explains that the British state also wanted to hide the covert empire from its own public. Besides opting for cheap schemes that would escape the check of taxpayers (air control and an informal intelligence network), it also used censorship and the literary skills of its agent-bureaucrats to control information about the region. The public became increasingly suspicious of the state's betrayal of wartime promises of redemption in the Middle East, suspicions expressed in an emerging critique of state secrecy. At the center of this contest between the state and the public were the famous intelligence agents associated with the Middle East: to the public they were proof that the state possessed an effective covert arm and propaganda machine, and to the state they were proof that criticism of British activity in Iraq was the result of conspiracy by renegade agents.
Jane A. Bernstein
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195141085
- eISBN:
- 9780199871421
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195141085.003.0002
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
This chapter offers a general overview of the book trade in 16th-century Venice. It emphasizes the community of printers and publishers, indicating the leading firms, the number of books published, ...
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This chapter offers a general overview of the book trade in 16th-century Venice. It emphasizes the community of printers and publishers, indicating the leading firms, the number of books published, and the locations of the presses around the city. The chapter observes how familial relationships or the fraterna provided the structural underpinnings for most commercial activities, how the bookmen governed themselves, and what their connections were to the intellectual and artistic world of Venice. Specialization in subjects printed became the basis for marketing strategies in the industry. The chapter concludes with a survey of those specializations with particular attention given to the field of music.Less
This chapter offers a general overview of the book trade in 16th-century Venice. It emphasizes the community of printers and publishers, indicating the leading firms, the number of books published, and the locations of the presses around the city. The chapter observes how familial relationships or the fraterna provided the structural underpinnings for most commercial activities, how the bookmen governed themselves, and what their connections were to the intellectual and artistic world of Venice. Specialization in subjects printed became the basis for marketing strategies in the industry. The chapter concludes with a survey of those specializations with particular attention given to the field of music.
Jacob Rowbottom
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199548781
- eISBN:
- 9780191720673
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548781.003.0032
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter discusses the democratic justification for media freedom. The approach taken towards the media in relation to extreme speech is distinguished from that taken towards the individual. The ...
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This chapter discusses the democratic justification for media freedom. The approach taken towards the media in relation to extreme speech is distinguished from that taken towards the individual. The media may require some protection to pursue its watchdog function when reporting speech that is illegal when advocated by an individual. However, some restraints may be imposed on the media in relation to extreme speech that is legal when spoken by a citizen. This chapter has approached the issue from one particular angle: the justification of media freedom by reference to its democratic functions and how this may permit some regulations that enhance those goals.Less
This chapter discusses the democratic justification for media freedom. The approach taken towards the media in relation to extreme speech is distinguished from that taken towards the individual. The media may require some protection to pursue its watchdog function when reporting speech that is illegal when advocated by an individual. However, some restraints may be imposed on the media in relation to extreme speech that is legal when spoken by a citizen. This chapter has approached the issue from one particular angle: the justification of media freedom by reference to its democratic functions and how this may permit some regulations that enhance those goals.
Ann Jefferson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199270842
- eISBN:
- 9780191710292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270842.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter outlines two major cultural forms taken by biography in the 19th century, the biographical dictionary and the press article. It discusses Michaud's Biographie universelle, and traces ...
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This chapter outlines two major cultural forms taken by biography in the 19th century, the biographical dictionary and the press article. It discusses Michaud's Biographie universelle, and traces some of the debates about the standing of biography in relation to history as illustrated by Cousin and Renan. The biographical dictionary is discussed as an attempt to give the form a respectability that is under threat from a comparison with history. The role of biography as a journalistic genre promoting a culture of celebrity is discussed with examples from Mirecourt and its condemnation by Barbey d'Aurevilly. Both cultural forms provided a model against which literary versions of biography were obliged to measure themselves.Less
This chapter outlines two major cultural forms taken by biography in the 19th century, the biographical dictionary and the press article. It discusses Michaud's Biographie universelle, and traces some of the debates about the standing of biography in relation to history as illustrated by Cousin and Renan. The biographical dictionary is discussed as an attempt to give the form a respectability that is under threat from a comparison with history. The role of biography as a journalistic genre promoting a culture of celebrity is discussed with examples from Mirecourt and its condemnation by Barbey d'Aurevilly. Both cultural forms provided a model against which literary versions of biography were obliged to measure themselves.
Bernard Capp
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199641789
- eISBN:
- 9780191744228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641789.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
The new regime encouraged writers to justify the regicide and the establishment of a commonwealth, and to persuade the nation to live quietly under its authority. It also set out, with considerable ...
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The new regime encouraged writers to justify the regicide and the establishment of a commonwealth, and to persuade the nation to live quietly under its authority. It also set out, with considerable success, to secure control of the press. The chapter examines the writers who gave public support to the regime and the arguments they deployed, which ranged from the superiority of a free commonwealth to divine providence, the stars, and the duty of citizens to accept and obey de facto authorities. The chapter also surveys the work of preachers in promoting the reformation of manners, by putting pressure on local magistrates, and the role of pamphleteers in reaching out to a popular audience. It ends with a survey of royalist and anti-puritan counter-propaganda, and offers a reassessment of who won these propaganda wars.Less
The new regime encouraged writers to justify the regicide and the establishment of a commonwealth, and to persuade the nation to live quietly under its authority. It also set out, with considerable success, to secure control of the press. The chapter examines the writers who gave public support to the regime and the arguments they deployed, which ranged from the superiority of a free commonwealth to divine providence, the stars, and the duty of citizens to accept and obey de facto authorities. The chapter also surveys the work of preachers in promoting the reformation of manners, by putting pressure on local magistrates, and the role of pamphleteers in reaching out to a popular audience. It ends with a survey of royalist and anti-puritan counter-propaganda, and offers a reassessment of who won these propaganda wars.
Ann Jefferson
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199270842
- eISBN:
- 9780191710292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270842.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter explores the transition from newspaper to book undergone by a number of biographical portraits, as they were collected in volume form. Writers, who were often the subject of biographical ...
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This chapter explores the transition from newspaper to book undergone by a number of biographical portraits, as they were collected in volume form. Writers, who were often the subject of biographical portraits in the press, were also frequently obliged to earn their keep through journalism. Some of them were however able to reuse their journalistic essays in book form. The biographical portraits of writers in these volumes, often reinforced by a preface, offered a means of challenging established views of literature. This is the case with Gautier in the 1830s, but also of Verlaine, Rémy de Gourmont and Mallarmé in the fin de siècle, each of whom constructs a new idea of literature in their collected biographical portraits.Less
This chapter explores the transition from newspaper to book undergone by a number of biographical portraits, as they were collected in volume form. Writers, who were often the subject of biographical portraits in the press, were also frequently obliged to earn their keep through journalism. Some of them were however able to reuse their journalistic essays in book form. The biographical portraits of writers in these volumes, often reinforced by a preface, offered a means of challenging established views of literature. This is the case with Gautier in the 1830s, but also of Verlaine, Rémy de Gourmont and Mallarmé in the fin de siècle, each of whom constructs a new idea of literature in their collected biographical portraits.
Maximillian E. Novak
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199261543
- eISBN:
- 9780191698743
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261543.003.0027
- Subject:
- Literature, 18th-century Literature
Daniel Defoe did not publish many pamphlets during the years 1708 and 1709. Toward the end of 1709, Defoe devoted a number of issues to concepts of freedom of the press and to a new bill concerning ...
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Daniel Defoe did not publish many pamphlets during the years 1708 and 1709. Toward the end of 1709, Defoe devoted a number of issues to concepts of freedom of the press and to a new bill concerning the rights of authors which was going through Parliament. His chief job while in Scotland was defending the Union, particularly against charges in England that the Church of Scotland was persecuting the Episcopalian ministers in Scotland. He regarded these charges as inspired by the Jacobites and launched an attack upon James Greensheils, whom Defoe thought had not been properly ordained and had been thus rightfully prevented from preaching by the Church of Scotland. In some ways the narrative method of The History of the Union, with its glances backward, its dramatic plot, its focus on details and vivid scenes, and its repetitions, bore considerable resemblance to the kind of fiction Defoe would eventually write.Less
Daniel Defoe did not publish many pamphlets during the years 1708 and 1709. Toward the end of 1709, Defoe devoted a number of issues to concepts of freedom of the press and to a new bill concerning the rights of authors which was going through Parliament. His chief job while in Scotland was defending the Union, particularly against charges in England that the Church of Scotland was persecuting the Episcopalian ministers in Scotland. He regarded these charges as inspired by the Jacobites and launched an attack upon James Greensheils, whom Defoe thought had not been properly ordained and had been thus rightfully prevented from preaching by the Church of Scotland. In some ways the narrative method of The History of the Union, with its glances backward, its dramatic plot, its focus on details and vivid scenes, and its repetitions, bore considerable resemblance to the kind of fiction Defoe would eventually write.
Thomas A. Robinson and Lanette D. Ruff
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199790876
- eISBN:
- 9780199919192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199790876.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The 1920s was the golden age of the girl evangelist phenomenon. A primary reason for this was the dominant flapper in this period, for which girl evangelists presented a stark and curious contrast. ...
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The 1920s was the golden age of the girl evangelist phenomenon. A primary reason for this was the dominant flapper in this period, for which girl evangelists presented a stark and curious contrast. However curious such girls were, they fit a decade noted for the strange and the novel. Also of importance was the role of Aimee Semple McPherson, who forged new avenues for women preachers and who trained even young children for evangelism. The popularity of Uldine Utley would have sparked some interest in preaching in other young girls, somewhat creating a copy-cat movement of girls into preaching careers. The renewal of revivalism by Pentecostals provided a ready platform for the young girls. As well, the general interest in society at large in child stars would have also provided some easy acceptance of the girl preachers. The role of the press was equally important, giving a nation-wide spotlight that the girls would not have otherwise had. Finally, the chapter deals with the survival of the phenomenon into the 1930s, a decade starkly different from the 1920s, when most of the novelty of the 1920s disappeared. Finally, comments are made on the significance of the phenomenon of girl evangelists.Less
The 1920s was the golden age of the girl evangelist phenomenon. A primary reason for this was the dominant flapper in this period, for which girl evangelists presented a stark and curious contrast. However curious such girls were, they fit a decade noted for the strange and the novel. Also of importance was the role of Aimee Semple McPherson, who forged new avenues for women preachers and who trained even young children for evangelism. The popularity of Uldine Utley would have sparked some interest in preaching in other young girls, somewhat creating a copy-cat movement of girls into preaching careers. The renewal of revivalism by Pentecostals provided a ready platform for the young girls. As well, the general interest in society at large in child stars would have also provided some easy acceptance of the girl preachers. The role of the press was equally important, giving a nation-wide spotlight that the girls would not have otherwise had. Finally, the chapter deals with the survival of the phenomenon into the 1930s, a decade starkly different from the 1920s, when most of the novelty of the 1920s disappeared. Finally, comments are made on the significance of the phenomenon of girl evangelists.
Perry Gauci
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199241934
- eISBN:
- 9780191714344
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241934.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This book examines the political and social impact of the English overseas merchant during this key era of state development. Historians have increasingly recognized the significance of this period ...
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This book examines the political and social impact of the English overseas merchant during this key era of state development. Historians have increasingly recognized the significance of this period as one of commercial and political transition, but relatively little thought has been given to the perspective of the overseas traders, whose activities transcended these dynamic arenas. Analysis of the role of merchants in public life highlights their important contribution to England's rise as a commercial power of the first rank, and illuminates the fundamental political changes of the time. Case-studies of London, Liverpool, and York reveal the intricate workings of mercantile politics, while studies of the press and Parliament illustrate the increasing prominence of the trader on the national stage. This book's pioneering approach shows how crucial the political accommodation which the merchant class secured with the landed gentry was to the country's success in the 18th century.Less
This book examines the political and social impact of the English overseas merchant during this key era of state development. Historians have increasingly recognized the significance of this period as one of commercial and political transition, but relatively little thought has been given to the perspective of the overseas traders, whose activities transcended these dynamic arenas. Analysis of the role of merchants in public life highlights their important contribution to England's rise as a commercial power of the first rank, and illuminates the fundamental political changes of the time. Case-studies of London, Liverpool, and York reveal the intricate workings of mercantile politics, while studies of the press and Parliament illustrate the increasing prominence of the trader on the national stage. This book's pioneering approach shows how crucial the political accommodation which the merchant class secured with the landed gentry was to the country's success in the 18th century.
Jonathan I. Israel
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199279227
- eISBN:
- 9780191700040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279227.003.0031
- Subject:
- History, History of Ideas, European Modern History
This chapter focuses on physician-philosopher, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, who was involved in a remarkable and prolonged controversy affecting the course of the Radical Enlightenment in the ...
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This chapter focuses on physician-philosopher, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, who was involved in a remarkable and prolonged controversy affecting the course of the Radical Enlightenment in the mid-1740s. This philosophical but also rather public affair not only greatly scandalized respectable opinion but called into question the fundamental values and meaning of radical thought, and the relationship of the radical fringe to existing society, in a way which had far-reaching implications for the future and also highlighted the peculiarities of established methods of intellectual censorship, intensifying the long-standing controversy over toleration and freedom of the press. Most importantly, it caused a permanent and complete rupture between La Mettrie and the main body of radical philosophes.Less
This chapter focuses on physician-philosopher, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, who was involved in a remarkable and prolonged controversy affecting the course of the Radical Enlightenment in the mid-1740s. This philosophical but also rather public affair not only greatly scandalized respectable opinion but called into question the fundamental values and meaning of radical thought, and the relationship of the radical fringe to existing society, in a way which had far-reaching implications for the future and also highlighted the peculiarities of established methods of intellectual censorship, intensifying the long-standing controversy over toleration and freedom of the press. Most importantly, it caused a permanent and complete rupture between La Mettrie and the main body of radical philosophes.
Thomas N. Corns
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199295937
- eISBN:
- 9780191712210
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199295937.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This chapter begins with an account of the apparent contradictions between the high principles asserted in Areopagitica and the more circumscribed practical proposals it contains. It considers a ...
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This chapter begins with an account of the apparent contradictions between the high principles asserted in Areopagitica and the more circumscribed practical proposals it contains. It considers a range of critical responses to the difficulties these pose. It contrasts Milton's version of tolerationism with the more expansive and unconstrained model propounded by Roger Williams. It relates Williams's views to his experience of the repressiveness of the New England version of non-separating congregationalism, and suggests that Milton's apparent difficulties reflect his own uncertainties about the immediately current controversies within English Puritanism, which would only be resolved as he became more certain about the intractable hostility of presbyterian orthodoxy to heterodox thinkers like himself.Less
This chapter begins with an account of the apparent contradictions between the high principles asserted in Areopagitica and the more circumscribed practical proposals it contains. It considers a range of critical responses to the difficulties these pose. It contrasts Milton's version of tolerationism with the more expansive and unconstrained model propounded by Roger Williams. It relates Williams's views to his experience of the repressiveness of the New England version of non-separating congregationalism, and suggests that Milton's apparent difficulties reflect his own uncertainties about the immediately current controversies within English Puritanism, which would only be resolved as he became more certain about the intractable hostility of presbyterian orthodoxy to heterodox thinkers like himself.
Iain Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474453134
- eISBN:
- 9781474481182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453134.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Chapter Three examines Dickens’s American Notes. Interrogating John Drew’s sense that American Notes is largely concerned with ‘the invasive power of the press’ and Juliet John’s claim that it offers ...
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Chapter Three examines Dickens’s American Notes. Interrogating John Drew’s sense that American Notes is largely concerned with ‘the invasive power of the press’ and Juliet John’s claim that it offers a ‘dystopian vision of mass culture’, this chapter and its successor position the American visit in the contexts of both Dickens’s ongoing efforts to find a role for himself in the press and his response to the widespread social unrest affecting Britain in the early 1840s. Showing how he arrived in the United States just as a newly established mass-market daily press was becoming ascendant on the East Coast, chapter 3 explores how American Notes responds to the phenomenon of new forms of urban literacy As with Martineau and chapter 2, this chapter also considers the critical reception of Dickens’s post-American books and the ways in which he in responded to that reception.Less
Chapter Three examines Dickens’s American Notes. Interrogating John Drew’s sense that American Notes is largely concerned with ‘the invasive power of the press’ and Juliet John’s claim that it offers a ‘dystopian vision of mass culture’, this chapter and its successor position the American visit in the contexts of both Dickens’s ongoing efforts to find a role for himself in the press and his response to the widespread social unrest affecting Britain in the early 1840s. Showing how he arrived in the United States just as a newly established mass-market daily press was becoming ascendant on the East Coast, chapter 3 explores how American Notes responds to the phenomenon of new forms of urban literacy As with Martineau and chapter 2, this chapter also considers the critical reception of Dickens’s post-American books and the ways in which he in responded to that reception.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Mencken believed that the Constitution and Bill of Rights were sacred documents that set clear lines of demarcation that no government should trespass. “The two main ideas that run through all of my ...
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Mencken believed that the Constitution and Bill of Rights were sacred documents that set clear lines of demarcation that no government should trespass. “The two main ideas that run through all of my writing”, he said, “whether it be literary criticism or political polemic, are these: I am strongly in favor of liberty and I hate fraud”. Freedom had always been an issue with Mencken: first, freedom from his father's choice of a career; later, as he developed as a critic, from the Victorian Puritanism that stifled American life; then, from governmental laws that violated civil liberties for whites and blacks; and finally, during the two world wars, freedom from censorship of the press.Less
Mencken believed that the Constitution and Bill of Rights were sacred documents that set clear lines of demarcation that no government should trespass. “The two main ideas that run through all of my writing”, he said, “whether it be literary criticism or political polemic, are these: I am strongly in favor of liberty and I hate fraud”. Freedom had always been an issue with Mencken: first, freedom from his father's choice of a career; later, as he developed as a critic, from the Victorian Puritanism that stifled American life; then, from governmental laws that violated civil liberties for whites and blacks; and finally, during the two world wars, freedom from censorship of the press.
Iain Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474453134
- eISBN:
- 9781474481182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453134.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Lays out the argument for the book and its central claim that the dynamic between Dickens and Martineau, which has been long read in the personalized terms of a quarrel that ended their professional ...
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Lays out the argument for the book and its central claim that the dynamic between Dickens and Martineau, which has been long read in the personalized terms of a quarrel that ended their professional connection, is more fully understood as the expression of incompatible visions of liberalism, the role of women in social progress, and the nature of democratic society. An essential element of their difference lay in their different experiences of and responses to the social experiment developing in the United States, and the book reconceptualizes their respective encounters with and writing about America.Less
Lays out the argument for the book and its central claim that the dynamic between Dickens and Martineau, which has been long read in the personalized terms of a quarrel that ended their professional connection, is more fully understood as the expression of incompatible visions of liberalism, the role of women in social progress, and the nature of democratic society. An essential element of their difference lay in their different experiences of and responses to the social experiment developing in the United States, and the book reconceptualizes their respective encounters with and writing about America.
Iain Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474453134
- eISBN:
- 9781474481182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453134.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
Chapter 1 connects Martineau’s early writing for and about the press with the intellectual legacy she derived from Enlightenment thought. Specifically, it explores her modification of the stadial ...
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Chapter 1 connects Martineau’s early writing for and about the press with the intellectual legacy she derived from Enlightenment thought. Specifically, it explores her modification of the stadial theory of social progress that she derived from Adam Smith as she blended elements from Smith’s work on moral sympathy with Schiller’s writing on aesthetics and the formation of a community of taste. After showing how both Smith and Schiller contributed to her understanding of the crucial role of public discourse as an essential agent of social progress, the chapter moves to examine her advocacy for the press in the years immediately before she traveled to America. Martineau’s own journalism in the early 1830s makes a popularized version of the argument that was simultaneously being developed in the elite reviews, emphasizing a vital connection between the promotion of universal access to education and the removal of the ‘taxes upon knowledge’ that inhibited the free circulation of information and ideas. Martineau’s distinctive contribution to that argument, however, appears in two articles on Sir Walter Scott that she published shortly after his death in 1833, and the chapter concludes by arguing for a new reading of these essays as a combined statement of the essential need to write women into the narrative of history and a claim for her own authority to undertake such work.Less
Chapter 1 connects Martineau’s early writing for and about the press with the intellectual legacy she derived from Enlightenment thought. Specifically, it explores her modification of the stadial theory of social progress that she derived from Adam Smith as she blended elements from Smith’s work on moral sympathy with Schiller’s writing on aesthetics and the formation of a community of taste. After showing how both Smith and Schiller contributed to her understanding of the crucial role of public discourse as an essential agent of social progress, the chapter moves to examine her advocacy for the press in the years immediately before she traveled to America. Martineau’s own journalism in the early 1830s makes a popularized version of the argument that was simultaneously being developed in the elite reviews, emphasizing a vital connection between the promotion of universal access to education and the removal of the ‘taxes upon knowledge’ that inhibited the free circulation of information and ideas. Martineau’s distinctive contribution to that argument, however, appears in two articles on Sir Walter Scott that she published shortly after his death in 1833, and the chapter concludes by arguing for a new reading of these essays as a combined statement of the essential need to write women into the narrative of history and a claim for her own authority to undertake such work.
Iain Crawford
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474453134
- eISBN:
- 9781474481182
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453134.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter connects Martineau’s contribution to shaping the Victorian press during its extraordinary rapid evolution during the 1840s to her work for Dickens at Household Words and shows that her ...
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This chapter connects Martineau’s contribution to shaping the Victorian press during its extraordinary rapid evolution during the 1840s to her work for Dickens at Household Words and shows that her agenda for the press developed earlier and was far more nuanced than has been previously recognized. Establishing herself in the elite intellectual quarterlies, simultaneously working with Charles Knight on the Penny Magazine and other projects aimed at mass-market working-class readers, and contributing to Thornton Leigh Hunt and G.G. Lewes’s progressive weekly The Leader in 1850-51, Martineau developed a remarkably flexible and constantly evolving journalistic presence that, in the 1850s and early 1860s, would allow her to become a consistent presence in both mass-market and elite press venues, to appear, simultaneously, in daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly outlets.Less
This chapter connects Martineau’s contribution to shaping the Victorian press during its extraordinary rapid evolution during the 1840s to her work for Dickens at Household Words and shows that her agenda for the press developed earlier and was far more nuanced than has been previously recognized. Establishing herself in the elite intellectual quarterlies, simultaneously working with Charles Knight on the Penny Magazine and other projects aimed at mass-market working-class readers, and contributing to Thornton Leigh Hunt and G.G. Lewes’s progressive weekly The Leader in 1850-51, Martineau developed a remarkably flexible and constantly evolving journalistic presence that, in the 1850s and early 1860s, would allow her to become a consistent presence in both mass-market and elite press venues, to appear, simultaneously, in daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly outlets.
STEPHEN CRETNEY
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198268710
- eISBN:
- 9780191683565
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268710.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
The bitterness, distress, and humiliation so often associated with divorce was not entirely attributable to the substantive law. Press publicity—often perhaps just the fear of publicity—was ...
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The bitterness, distress, and humiliation so often associated with divorce was not entirely attributable to the substantive law. Press publicity—often perhaps just the fear of publicity—was distressing; whilst the adversarial tradition of court proceedings in which one party had to prove the guilt of the other made matters worse for husbands and wives sucked into litigation. This chapter deals with the circumstances which led to statutory restrictions being put on press reporting of court cases dealing with divorce. It is clear that the prohibition on publication of indecent matter added little to the law. Secondly, although the Judicial Proceedings (Regulation of Reports) Act 1926—one of the rare examples of peace-time legislation specifically restricting the freedom of the press to publish material lawfully in a reporter's possession—prevented the daily press from giving detailed verbatim accounts of sensational divorce cases, the direct effect of the restrictions on reporting divorce cases was not significant; and the press proved well able to make copy, even in undefended cases.Less
The bitterness, distress, and humiliation so often associated with divorce was not entirely attributable to the substantive law. Press publicity—often perhaps just the fear of publicity—was distressing; whilst the adversarial tradition of court proceedings in which one party had to prove the guilt of the other made matters worse for husbands and wives sucked into litigation. This chapter deals with the circumstances which led to statutory restrictions being put on press reporting of court cases dealing with divorce. It is clear that the prohibition on publication of indecent matter added little to the law. Secondly, although the Judicial Proceedings (Regulation of Reports) Act 1926—one of the rare examples of peace-time legislation specifically restricting the freedom of the press to publish material lawfully in a reporter's possession—prevented the daily press from giving detailed verbatim accounts of sensational divorce cases, the direct effect of the restrictions on reporting divorce cases was not significant; and the press proved well able to make copy, even in undefended cases.
A.G. Noorani
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195678291
- eISBN:
- 9780199080588
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195678291.003.0095
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
The Chief Justice A. S. Anand nominated a retired judge of the Supreme Court to head a Commission of Inquiry on the tehelka.com exposé. It was unfortunate that retired judge was given the charge of ...
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The Chief Justice A. S. Anand nominated a retired judge of the Supreme Court to head a Commission of Inquiry on the tehelka.com exposé. It was unfortunate that retired judge was given the charge of enquiring into a highly political matter. The terms of reference seemed to be to probe into the credentials of those who made the charges. This is highly unusual. It would effectively muzzle the press as such commissions could be set up by the government every time a publication exposes some wrong doing by the government.Less
The Chief Justice A. S. Anand nominated a retired judge of the Supreme Court to head a Commission of Inquiry on the tehelka.com exposé. It was unfortunate that retired judge was given the charge of enquiring into a highly political matter. The terms of reference seemed to be to probe into the credentials of those who made the charges. This is highly unusual. It would effectively muzzle the press as such commissions could be set up by the government every time a publication exposes some wrong doing by the government.
Peter D. G. Thomas
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205449
- eISBN:
- 9780191676642
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205449.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
Often deemed the founder of British radicalism, John Wilkes (1725–1797) had a shattering impact on the politics of his time. His audacity in challenging government authority was matched by his skill ...
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Often deemed the founder of British radicalism, John Wilkes (1725–1797) had a shattering impact on the politics of his time. His audacity in challenging government authority was matched by his skill and determination in attaining his objectives: the freedom of the press to criticize ministers and report Parliament; enhanced security for individuals and their property from arbitrary arrest and seizure; and the rights of electors. That he was a political maverick, of witty and wicked reputation, has led historians to underestimate him — this is the first researched biography since 1917. Contemporaries appreciated his achievements more than posterity, one obituarist writing that ‘his name will be connected with our history’. This biography provides an intriguing portrait of the man George III referred to as ‘that Devil, Wilkes’.Less
Often deemed the founder of British radicalism, John Wilkes (1725–1797) had a shattering impact on the politics of his time. His audacity in challenging government authority was matched by his skill and determination in attaining his objectives: the freedom of the press to criticize ministers and report Parliament; enhanced security for individuals and their property from arbitrary arrest and seizure; and the rights of electors. That he was a political maverick, of witty and wicked reputation, has led historians to underestimate him — this is the first researched biography since 1917. Contemporaries appreciated his achievements more than posterity, one obituarist writing that ‘his name will be connected with our history’. This biography provides an intriguing portrait of the man George III referred to as ‘that Devil, Wilkes’.
