André Blais (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199539390
- eISBN:
- 9780191715761
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539390.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Economy
The book addresses the following questions: What fosters or hinders reform of first past the post? When and why does reform emerge on the political agenda? Who proposes and who opposes reform? When ...
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The book addresses the following questions: What fosters or hinders reform of first past the post? When and why does reform emerge on the political agenda? Who proposes and who opposes reform? When and why do reform proposals succeed or fail? What kind of proposal tends to be put on the table? Are some types of proposal more likely to succeed? Why? The book offers a thorough examination of all these questions. A first chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of the conditions under which reform is initiated. The following chapters investigate in detail the politics of electoral reform in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand, the debates that take place, the proposals that are advanced, and the strategies deployed by the actors. These analyses contribute to a rich and nuanced understanding of why first past the post is often challenged and sometimes replaced.Less
The book addresses the following questions: What fosters or hinders reform of first past the post? When and why does reform emerge on the political agenda? Who proposes and who opposes reform? When and why do reform proposals succeed or fail? What kind of proposal tends to be put on the table? Are some types of proposal more likely to succeed? Why? The book offers a thorough examination of all these questions. A first chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of the conditions under which reform is initiated. The following chapters investigate in detail the politics of electoral reform in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand, the debates that take place, the proposals that are advanced, and the strategies deployed by the actors. These analyses contribute to a rich and nuanced understanding of why first past the post is often challenged and sometimes replaced.
Alessandra Giorgi
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571895
- eISBN:
- 9780191722073
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571895.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This book considers the syntax of the left periphery of clauses in relation to the extra‐sentential context. The prevailing point of view, in the literature in this field is that the external context ...
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This book considers the syntax of the left periphery of clauses in relation to the extra‐sentential context. The prevailing point of view, in the literature in this field is that the external context does not intervene at all in the syntax of the sentence, and that the interaction between sentence and context takes place post‐syntactically. This monograph challenges this view and proposes that reference to indexicality is syntactically encoded in the left‐most position of the clause, where the speaker's temporal and spatial location is represented. To support this hypothesis, it analyses various kinds of temporal dependencies in embedded clauses, such as indicative versus subjunctive, and proposes a new analysis of the imperfect and the future‐in‐the‐past. The book also compares languages such as Italian and English with languages which have different properties of temporal interpretation, such as Chinese. Finally, analysis of the literary style known as Free Indirect Discourse also supports the hypothesis, showing that it may have a wide range of consequences.Less
This book considers the syntax of the left periphery of clauses in relation to the extra‐sentential context. The prevailing point of view, in the literature in this field is that the external context does not intervene at all in the syntax of the sentence, and that the interaction between sentence and context takes place post‐syntactically. This monograph challenges this view and proposes that reference to indexicality is syntactically encoded in the left‐most position of the clause, where the speaker's temporal and spatial location is represented. To support this hypothesis, it analyses various kinds of temporal dependencies in embedded clauses, such as indicative versus subjunctive, and proposes a new analysis of the imperfect and the future‐in‐the‐past. The book also compares languages such as Italian and English with languages which have different properties of temporal interpretation, such as Chinese. Finally, analysis of the literary style known as Free Indirect Discourse also supports the hypothesis, showing that it may have a wide range of consequences.
Rein Taagepera
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199287741
- eISBN:
- 9780191713408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287741.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
To allocate seats to candidates or parties, even a simple electoral system must specify at least the following: the total number of seats in the assembly (assembly size); the number of seats ...
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To allocate seats to candidates or parties, even a simple electoral system must specify at least the following: the total number of seats in the assembly (assembly size); the number of seats allocated in each electoral district (district magnitude); how these seats are allocated (seat allocation formula); and how a voter can express her/his preferences (ballot structure). The simplest seat allocation formulas are d'Hondt and Sainte-Laguë divisors, and Hare quota plus largest remainders. For single-seat districts, these proportional representation formulas are reduced to First-Past-The-Post, where the candidate with the most votes wins. Complex electoral systems may offer advantages, but the ability to predict the number of parties and the average proportionality of seats to votes is lost.Less
To allocate seats to candidates or parties, even a simple electoral system must specify at least the following: the total number of seats in the assembly (assembly size); the number of seats allocated in each electoral district (district magnitude); how these seats are allocated (seat allocation formula); and how a voter can express her/his preferences (ballot structure). The simplest seat allocation formulas are d'Hondt and Sainte-Laguë divisors, and Hare quota plus largest remainders. For single-seat districts, these proportional representation formulas are reduced to First-Past-The-Post, where the candidate with the most votes wins. Complex electoral systems may offer advantages, but the ability to predict the number of parties and the average proportionality of seats to votes is lost.
Matthew Søberg Shugart
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199539390
- eISBN:
- 9780191715761
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539390.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Economy
Electoral reform may be explained through a model that incorporates both inherent and contingent factors. An electoral system has an inherent tendency towards “systemic failure,” understood as ...
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Electoral reform may be explained through a model that incorporates both inherent and contingent factors. An electoral system has an inherent tendency towards “systemic failure,” understood as outcomes that are inconsistent with the normative model of democracy with which it is associated. In the case of first past the post, anomalies such as plurality reversals (the largest party in votes does not win the most seats) and lopsided majorities (when the opposition wins few seats) may generate interest in replacing the system. However, processes that might lead to a change in the electoral system also require contingent factors: the coming to power of a previously disadvantaged party (“outcome contingency”) and a pro-reform vote to be cultivated (“act contingency”). This model of electoral reform is analyzed based on 191 elections in nineteen jurisdictions using first past the post.Less
Electoral reform may be explained through a model that incorporates both inherent and contingent factors. An electoral system has an inherent tendency towards “systemic failure,” understood as outcomes that are inconsistent with the normative model of democracy with which it is associated. In the case of first past the post, anomalies such as plurality reversals (the largest party in votes does not win the most seats) and lopsided majorities (when the opposition wins few seats) may generate interest in replacing the system. However, processes that might lead to a change in the electoral system also require contingent factors: the coming to power of a previously disadvantaged party (“outcome contingency”) and a pro-reform vote to be cultivated (“act contingency”). This model of electoral reform is analyzed based on 191 elections in nineteen jurisdictions using first past the post.
Jack Vowles
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199240562
- eISBN:
- 9780191600296
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199240566.003.0014
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The first introductory section discusses the evolution of the current party system in New Zealand, from a system dominated by the two parties around which it had aligned in the 1930s, to the ...
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The first introductory section discusses the evolution of the current party system in New Zealand, from a system dominated by the two parties around which it had aligned in the 1930s, to the consequences for party composition and representation of the change from the first past the post (FPTP) or single‐member plurality (SMP) electoral system, to the new mixed‐member proportional (MMP) system under which the 1996 and 1999 elections were fought. The second introductory section discusses theoretical issues associated with party system dealignment that has resulted. The next three sections cover the same topics as those in the other country case studies in the book, and examine party legitimacy, party organizational strength (party finance, staffing, membership activity, and media), and systemic functionality (governance, interest articulation and aggregation, political recruitment, and political communication and education).Less
The first introductory section discusses the evolution of the current party system in New Zealand, from a system dominated by the two parties around which it had aligned in the 1930s, to the consequences for party composition and representation of the change from the first past the post (FPTP) or single‐member plurality (SMP) electoral system, to the new mixed‐member proportional (MMP) system under which the 1996 and 1999 elections were fought. The second introductory section discusses theoretical issues associated with party system dealignment that has resulted. The next three sections cover the same topics as those in the other country case studies in the book, and examine party legitimacy, party organizational strength (party finance, staffing, membership activity, and media), and systemic functionality (governance, interest articulation and aggregation, political recruitment, and political communication and education).
Alessandra Giorgi
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199571895
- eISBN:
- 9780191722073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199571895.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
In this chapter I consider two cases in Italian in which the embedded verbal form does not give rise to the Double Access Reading, even if it is not a subjunctive: the imperfect of the indicative and ...
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In this chapter I consider two cases in Italian in which the embedded verbal form does not give rise to the Double Access Reading, even if it is not a subjunctive: the imperfect of the indicative and the future‐in‐the‐past. These cases constitute a prima facie problem to the thesis proposed in this monograph: if the interface between the sentence and the context is provided by the presence of a certain projection in the C‐layer, a uniform behavior is predicted, but this prediction is apparently not borne out. I show that in both cases the theoretical proposal argued for in this book can be maintained and, more interestingly, it clarifies some facts about these verbal forms which would remain otherwise unexplained, both in Italian and in English.Less
In this chapter I consider two cases in Italian in which the embedded verbal form does not give rise to the Double Access Reading, even if it is not a subjunctive: the imperfect of the indicative and the future‐in‐the‐past. These cases constitute a prima facie problem to the thesis proposed in this monograph: if the interface between the sentence and the context is provided by the presence of a certain projection in the C‐layer, a uniform behavior is predicted, but this prediction is apparently not borne out. I show that in both cases the theoretical proposal argued for in this book can be maintained and, more interestingly, it clarifies some facts about these verbal forms which would remain otherwise unexplained, both in Italian and in English.
Rein Taagepera
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199287741
- eISBN:
- 9780191713408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199287741.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Starting with the characteristics of the electoral systems, the ‘Duvergerian agenda’ aims at predicting the average seat and vote share distributions of parties, the effective number of parties, and ...
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Starting with the characteristics of the electoral systems, the ‘Duvergerian agenda’ aims at predicting the average seat and vote share distributions of parties, the effective number of parties, and deviation from proportional representation. In the case of simple electoral systems, prediction of seat shares of parties and cabinet duration has become possible. Simple electoral systems are those that use a usual proportional representation formula or First-Past-The-Post, so that assembly size and district magnitude tell most of the story.Less
Starting with the characteristics of the electoral systems, the ‘Duvergerian agenda’ aims at predicting the average seat and vote share distributions of parties, the effective number of parties, and deviation from proportional representation. In the case of simple electoral systems, prediction of seat shares of parties and cabinet duration has become possible. Simple electoral systems are those that use a usual proportional representation formula or First-Past-The-Post, so that assembly size and district magnitude tell most of the story.
Charlotte Linde
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195140286
- eISBN:
- 9780199871247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195140286.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter introduces the question of how institutions use narrative to remember, showing the importance not only of stories but of occasions on which they can be told. It reviews the key questions ...
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This chapter introduces the question of how institutions use narrative to remember, showing the importance not only of stories but of occasions on which they can be told. It reviews the key questions of the literatures in different disciplines that treat institutional or collective memory. The most general question is whether institutions can be said to remember. History's question is Whose past? The social sciences' question is How do social structures reproduce themselves? Business and management studies' practical question is How to keep the knowledge while losing the people? This chapter argues that institutions and their members do not mechanically reproduce the past. Rather, they work the past, reshaping stories to create a desired present and future. Therefore, to understand narratives in institutions, it is necessary to understand both the stories that are told, and the occasions of their telling.Less
This chapter introduces the question of how institutions use narrative to remember, showing the importance not only of stories but of occasions on which they can be told. It reviews the key questions of the literatures in different disciplines that treat institutional or collective memory. The most general question is whether institutions can be said to remember. History's question is Whose past? The social sciences' question is How do social structures reproduce themselves? Business and management studies' practical question is How to keep the knowledge while losing the people? This chapter argues that institutions and their members do not mechanically reproduce the past. Rather, they work the past, reshaping stories to create a desired present and future. Therefore, to understand narratives in institutions, it is necessary to understand both the stories that are told, and the occasions of their telling.
Garry L. Hagberg
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199234226
- eISBN:
- 9780191715440
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199234226.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language
This chapter discusses the misleading picture of the inferential perception of persons. It also discusses the connection to the other-minds problem, Goethe on the perception of expressive gestures ...
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This chapter discusses the misleading picture of the inferential perception of persons. It also discusses the connection to the other-minds problem, Goethe on the perception of expressive gestures and characteristics in art and sculpture (the Laocoon group, Leonardo's Last Supper, a Rembrandt etching), the particularly interesting case of acting, Iris Murdoch and ‘the unfrozen past’, aspect-perception and self-interpretation, and the notion of creative self-description. The chapter finishes on seeing the past in a new light.Less
This chapter discusses the misleading picture of the inferential perception of persons. It also discusses the connection to the other-minds problem, Goethe on the perception of expressive gestures and characteristics in art and sculpture (the Laocoon group, Leonardo's Last Supper, a Rembrandt etching), the particularly interesting case of acting, Iris Murdoch and ‘the unfrozen past’, aspect-perception and self-interpretation, and the notion of creative self-description. The chapter finishes on seeing the past in a new light.
Henriette van der Blom
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199582938
- eISBN:
- 9780191723124
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199582938.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
There were many achievements of which Cicero was proud and which he displayed as being particularly exemplary. He set himself up as an exemplary advocate, homo novus, great consul, an exiled consular ...
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There were many achievements of which Cicero was proud and which he displayed as being particularly exemplary. He set himself up as an exemplary advocate, homo novus, great consul, an exiled consular recalled from banishment, ideal statesman and ideal orator, author, philosopher, and general, and a trustworthy guide to Rome's past, but to varying degrees and with varying success. This chapter explores these many roles. These various categories in which Cicero attempts to come across as exemplary overlap greatly with those aspects of Cicero's public persona for which he employs personal exempla, confirming the fact that Cicero's use of personal exempla was geared to promote his own agenda and public persona.Less
There were many achievements of which Cicero was proud and which he displayed as being particularly exemplary. He set himself up as an exemplary advocate, homo novus, great consul, an exiled consular recalled from banishment, ideal statesman and ideal orator, author, philosopher, and general, and a trustworthy guide to Rome's past, but to varying degrees and with varying success. This chapter explores these many roles. These various categories in which Cicero attempts to come across as exemplary overlap greatly with those aspects of Cicero's public persona for which he employs personal exempla, confirming the fact that Cicero's use of personal exempla was geared to promote his own agenda and public persona.
Margaret Bendroth
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469624006
- eISBN:
- 9781469624020
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469624006.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
This chapter illustrates how the past had become something to purchase and own in the late nineteenth century. Like many Americans in the late nineteenth century, Congregationalists had begun to ...
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This chapter illustrates how the past had become something to purchase and own in the late nineteenth century. Like many Americans in the late nineteenth century, Congregationalists had begun to memorialize their past, uniting around symbolic objects like the Pilgrim jubilee coin and joining in corporate rituals honoring Forefathers' Day. The coin's more practical purpose, however, was to help with fundraising in order to meet the financial goals set by the Albany Convention and the Boston Council. While the coin itself did not sell well, it is still a useful metaphor for economic and cultural changes taking place among Congregationalists and in American society in the Gilded Age.Less
This chapter illustrates how the past had become something to purchase and own in the late nineteenth century. Like many Americans in the late nineteenth century, Congregationalists had begun to memorialize their past, uniting around symbolic objects like the Pilgrim jubilee coin and joining in corporate rituals honoring Forefathers' Day. The coin's more practical purpose, however, was to help with fundraising in order to meet the financial goals set by the Albany Convention and the Boston Council. While the coin itself did not sell well, it is still a useful metaphor for economic and cultural changes taking place among Congregationalists and in American society in the Gilded Age.
Peter Lambert and Björn Weiler (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780197266120
- eISBN:
- 9780191860010
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266120.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This volume brings together anthropologists, historians and literary scholars in order to explore how societies represented and used the past. Case studies range from the seventh century to the ...
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This volume brings together anthropologists, historians and literary scholars in order to explore how societies represented and used the past. Case studies range from the seventh century to the twenty-first, and from Africa, America and Asia to Europe. All the means and media by which societies, groups and individuals engaged with the past and expressed their understanding of it are addressed, and contributions treat not only professional historians, but also clerics, poets, novelists, administrators, political activists, and journalists as well as the consumers of their works. The utility of the past proved almost as infinitely variable as the modes of its representation. It might be a matter of learning lessons from experience, or about the legitimacy of a cause or regime, or the reputation of an individual. Rival versions and interpretations reflected, but also helped to create and sustain divergent communities and world views. With so much at stake, manipulations, distortions and myths proliferated. But given also that evidence of past societies was fragmentary, fragile and fraught with difficulties for those who sought to make sense of it, imaginative leaps and creativity necessarily came into the equation. Paradoxically, the very idea that the past was indeed useful was generally bound up with an image of history as inherently truthful. But then notions of truth proved malleable, even within one society, culture or period. Concerned with what engagements with the past can reveal about the wider intellectual and cultural frameworks within which they took place, the book is of relevance to anyone interested in how societies, communities and individuals acted on their historical consciousness.Less
This volume brings together anthropologists, historians and literary scholars in order to explore how societies represented and used the past. Case studies range from the seventh century to the twenty-first, and from Africa, America and Asia to Europe. All the means and media by which societies, groups and individuals engaged with the past and expressed their understanding of it are addressed, and contributions treat not only professional historians, but also clerics, poets, novelists, administrators, political activists, and journalists as well as the consumers of their works. The utility of the past proved almost as infinitely variable as the modes of its representation. It might be a matter of learning lessons from experience, or about the legitimacy of a cause or regime, or the reputation of an individual. Rival versions and interpretations reflected, but also helped to create and sustain divergent communities and world views. With so much at stake, manipulations, distortions and myths proliferated. But given also that evidence of past societies was fragmentary, fragile and fraught with difficulties for those who sought to make sense of it, imaginative leaps and creativity necessarily came into the equation. Paradoxically, the very idea that the past was indeed useful was generally bound up with an image of history as inherently truthful. But then notions of truth proved malleable, even within one society, culture or period. Concerned with what engagements with the past can reveal about the wider intellectual and cultural frameworks within which they took place, the book is of relevance to anyone interested in how societies, communities and individuals acted on their historical consciousness.
Joyce Dalsheim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199751204
- eISBN:
- 9780199895014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751204.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
This chapter focuses on how each of the groups in conflict in this study represents itself to itself, by comparing field trips for high school students that narrate the past and the present, ...
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This chapter focuses on how each of the groups in conflict in this study represents itself to itself, by comparing field trips for high school students that narrate the past and the present, performing continuity with a younger generation. Settlers in the Gaza Strip represent the present in the occupied territories as a continuation of the socialist Zionist foundations of the state. The secular Left expresses outrage at this representation by religious settlers as they seek to differentiate between pre-state history and the current occupation in post-1967 territories. This desire to differentiate protects a sense of moral legitimacy, which is threatened by right-wing settler representations of continuity. This is the threat that lies at the heart of the antagonism between settlers on both sides of the Green Line, which is analyzed by using the Freudian concept of a narcissism of minor differences.Less
This chapter focuses on how each of the groups in conflict in this study represents itself to itself, by comparing field trips for high school students that narrate the past and the present, performing continuity with a younger generation. Settlers in the Gaza Strip represent the present in the occupied territories as a continuation of the socialist Zionist foundations of the state. The secular Left expresses outrage at this representation by religious settlers as they seek to differentiate between pre-state history and the current occupation in post-1967 territories. This desire to differentiate protects a sense of moral legitimacy, which is threatened by right-wing settler representations of continuity. This is the threat that lies at the heart of the antagonism between settlers on both sides of the Green Line, which is analyzed by using the Freudian concept of a narcissism of minor differences.
Frances Smith
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474413091
- eISBN:
- 9781474438452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474413091.003.0005
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Throughout this book, it has been clear that the Hollywood teen movie has close links with the youth culture of its time. Yet as this chapter will demonstrate, this equation between contemporary ...
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Throughout this book, it has been clear that the Hollywood teen movie has close links with the youth culture of its time. Yet as this chapter will demonstrate, this equation between contemporary youth culture and the Hollywood films that claim to represent it is not nearly as clear-cut as one might expect. For Timothy Shary, the genre is trapped in a peculiar double bind that determines its relationship with the past: while film-makers aggressively target a youth audience, young people themselves lack the experience or means to produce amass-market feature film, as a result of which, these representations of youth are ‘filtered through an adult lens’. An oblique refraction of the youth culture of the past – often that of the director themselves – can therefore be regarded as a central feature of the genre as a whole.Less
Throughout this book, it has been clear that the Hollywood teen movie has close links with the youth culture of its time. Yet as this chapter will demonstrate, this equation between contemporary youth culture and the Hollywood films that claim to represent it is not nearly as clear-cut as one might expect. For Timothy Shary, the genre is trapped in a peculiar double bind that determines its relationship with the past: while film-makers aggressively target a youth audience, young people themselves lack the experience or means to produce amass-market feature film, as a result of which, these representations of youth are ‘filtered through an adult lens’. An oblique refraction of the youth culture of the past – often that of the director themselves – can therefore be regarded as a central feature of the genre as a whole.
Matthew Flinders
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199271597
- eISBN:
- 9780191709234
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199271597.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, UK Politics
The politics of electoral reform under New Labour provides a critical case of marginalization and strategic manoeuvring in order to avoid shifting to a more proportional electoral system. And yet ...
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The politics of electoral reform under New Labour provides a critical case of marginalization and strategic manoeuvring in order to avoid shifting to a more proportional electoral system. And yet devolution was founded on variants of more proportional system which leaves the national system in an anomalous position.Less
The politics of electoral reform under New Labour provides a critical case of marginalization and strategic manoeuvring in order to avoid shifting to a more proportional electoral system. And yet devolution was founded on variants of more proportional system which leaves the national system in an anomalous position.
Mark R. Wynn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560387
- eISBN:
- 9780191721175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560387.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter begins with a brief biographical essay on the experience of place, which is designed to show that the themes treated more theoretically in later parts of the book can be grounded in ...
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This chapter begins with a brief biographical essay on the experience of place, which is designed to show that the themes treated more theoretically in later parts of the book can be grounded in familiar kinds of experience. The chapter also makes a start on exploring the formal qualities of knowledge of place, paying particular attention to the connections between salient perception, affective response, and bodily movement. The chapter also gives a preliminary sketch of three models of the religiously important content of knowledge of place — appealing to the idea that some places are microcosmically significant (embody some wider truth about human experience), or religiously important on account of their past (which can make an ethical claim upon people who are present at the site at later times), or religiously significant because they enable an embodied encounter with, or reference to, God, by virtue of what is done at the site.Less
This chapter begins with a brief biographical essay on the experience of place, which is designed to show that the themes treated more theoretically in later parts of the book can be grounded in familiar kinds of experience. The chapter also makes a start on exploring the formal qualities of knowledge of place, paying particular attention to the connections between salient perception, affective response, and bodily movement. The chapter also gives a preliminary sketch of three models of the religiously important content of knowledge of place — appealing to the idea that some places are microcosmically significant (embody some wider truth about human experience), or religiously important on account of their past (which can make an ethical claim upon people who are present at the site at later times), or religiously significant because they enable an embodied encounter with, or reference to, God, by virtue of what is done at the site.
Mark R. Wynn
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199560387
- eISBN:
- 9780191721175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560387.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines what is perhaps the single best-known example of a place-based religious practice, namely pilgrimage. It considers various contemporary objections to pilgrimage practice, and ...
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This chapter examines what is perhaps the single best-known example of a place-based religious practice, namely pilgrimage. It considers various contemporary objections to pilgrimage practice, and seeks to meet these objections by reference to the three models of the religious significance of place outlined in Chapter 2, and the various accounts of the nature of knowledge of God and of place presented in Chapters 3–5. The central aim of the chapter is to provide an account of the rationale of pilgrimage which does not fall prey to psychological reductionism (seeing the pilgrimage site merely as an aid to the religious imagination, for example) or an overly speculative metaphysics (where we depend on some theory of the mechanics of divine action at the pilgrimage site).Less
This chapter examines what is perhaps the single best-known example of a place-based religious practice, namely pilgrimage. It considers various contemporary objections to pilgrimage practice, and seeks to meet these objections by reference to the three models of the religious significance of place outlined in Chapter 2, and the various accounts of the nature of knowledge of God and of place presented in Chapters 3–5. The central aim of the chapter is to provide an account of the rationale of pilgrimage which does not fall prey to psychological reductionism (seeing the pilgrimage site merely as an aid to the religious imagination, for example) or an overly speculative metaphysics (where we depend on some theory of the mechanics of divine action at the pilgrimage site).
David T. Johnson and Michelle Miao
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231170079
- eISBN:
- 9780231540810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231170079.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
Based on a comparative perspective, this chapter contrasts China’s practice of the death penalty with capital punishment in the Chinese past, with the practice of other Chinese societies (i.e., Hong ...
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Based on a comparative perspective, this chapter contrasts China’s practice of the death penalty with capital punishment in the Chinese past, with the practice of other Chinese societies (i.e., Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore), and with the practice of other communist nations (i.e., Vietnam, North Korea). Such comparisons highlight distinctive features of China’s practice and unique challenges for the abolition of China’s death penalty, as well as some potentials for accomplishing such a mission.Less
Based on a comparative perspective, this chapter contrasts China’s practice of the death penalty with capital punishment in the Chinese past, with the practice of other Chinese societies (i.e., Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore), and with the practice of other communist nations (i.e., Vietnam, North Korea). Such comparisons highlight distinctive features of China’s practice and unique challenges for the abolition of China’s death penalty, as well as some potentials for accomplishing such a mission.
J. Hillis Miller
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823225378
- eISBN:
- 9780823235391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823225378.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
This chapter analyzes Henry James's The Sense of the Past using the speech act theory. It explores the possible reasons why James failed to finish this book and suggests that ...
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This chapter analyzes Henry James's The Sense of the Past using the speech act theory. It explores the possible reasons why James failed to finish this book and suggests that it may have had something to do with his intention to have the novel end happily with the marriage of the hero to the woman he loved and left behind in New York. It also provides an account of philosopher Jacques Derrida as a critic of English literature.Less
This chapter analyzes Henry James's The Sense of the Past using the speech act theory. It explores the possible reasons why James failed to finish this book and suggests that it may have had something to do with his intention to have the novel end happily with the marriage of the hero to the woman he loved and left behind in New York. It also provides an account of philosopher Jacques Derrida as a critic of English literature.
Christine Bell
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199270965
- eISBN:
- 9780191707612
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270965.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter begins by setting out the international legal framework relevant to ‘undoing the past’, a framework that is partial and, at times, unhelpful to peace process dilemmas. It then examines ...
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This chapter begins by setting out the international legal framework relevant to ‘undoing the past’, a framework that is partial and, at times, unhelpful to peace process dilemmas. It then examines the provisions in the four sets of peace agreements addressed at undoing the past.Less
This chapter begins by setting out the international legal framework relevant to ‘undoing the past’, a framework that is partial and, at times, unhelpful to peace process dilemmas. It then examines the provisions in the four sets of peace agreements addressed at undoing the past.
