Peter Coss
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199560004
- eISBN:
- 9780191723094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560004.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The household was the principal locus of gentry consumption, the manor that of production. They were of course closely linked, with the one largely dependent upon the other. The previous chapter ...
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The household was the principal locus of gentry consumption, the manor that of production. They were of course closely linked, with the one largely dependent upon the other. The previous chapter showed some of the constant interaction that took place between the two. This chapter focuses on the gentry's relationships with their tenants. The history of the relationship between the Multons and their tenants is lacking in spectacular or sensational episodes. Indeed, it comes across as mundane, even humdrum. All the evidence suggests, however, that the Multons of Frampton — at least as far as the early to mid-14th century is concerned — were a gentry family who were not especially rapacious towards their tenants, but were nonetheless very conscious of their rights and made the most of the opportunities they had to take what they could from their tenants.Less
The household was the principal locus of gentry consumption, the manor that of production. They were of course closely linked, with the one largely dependent upon the other. The previous chapter showed some of the constant interaction that took place between the two. This chapter focuses on the gentry's relationships with their tenants. The history of the relationship between the Multons and their tenants is lacking in spectacular or sensational episodes. Indeed, it comes across as mundane, even humdrum. All the evidence suggests, however, that the Multons of Frampton — at least as far as the early to mid-14th century is concerned — were a gentry family who were not especially rapacious towards their tenants, but were nonetheless very conscious of their rights and made the most of the opportunities they had to take what they could from their tenants.
Peter Shapely
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780197264829
- eISBN:
- 9780191754036
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264829.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This chapter returns working-class agency to the analysis of voluntarism. As it demonstrates with reference to tenants' associations, the voluntary sector was shaped as much by working-class as ...
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This chapter returns working-class agency to the analysis of voluntarism. As it demonstrates with reference to tenants' associations, the voluntary sector was shaped as much by working-class as middle-class culture, even at the height of the welfare state, with the provision of services generating engagement rather than apathy. Tenants' associations provided a vehicle for the assertion of working-class interests in the face of an often unresponsive bureaucracy. In doing so they ‘helped to create a new decision-making arena, making a contribution to expanded notions of democracy’. That they managed to do so while engaging tenants from across the political spectrum demonstrates ‘the essential flexibility and robustness of the voluntary organization as a form which continued to provide an effective platform for the development of civil society’.Less
This chapter returns working-class agency to the analysis of voluntarism. As it demonstrates with reference to tenants' associations, the voluntary sector was shaped as much by working-class as middle-class culture, even at the height of the welfare state, with the provision of services generating engagement rather than apathy. Tenants' associations provided a vehicle for the assertion of working-class interests in the face of an often unresponsive bureaucracy. In doing so they ‘helped to create a new decision-making arena, making a contribution to expanded notions of democracy’. That they managed to do so while engaging tenants from across the political spectrum demonstrates ‘the essential flexibility and robustness of the voluntary organization as a form which continued to provide an effective platform for the development of civil society’.
Walter W. Powell, Kelley Packalen, and Kjersten Whittington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148670
- eISBN:
- 9781400845552
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148670.003.0014
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
This chapter examines eleven regions in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s that were all rich in resources—ideas, money, and skills—which might have led to the formation of life sciences ...
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This chapter examines eleven regions in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s that were all rich in resources—ideas, money, and skills—which might have led to the formation of life sciences clusters. Yet only three of the regions—the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and San Diego—developed into robust industrial districts for biotechnology. Most research on the emergence of high-tech cluster samples on successful cases and traces backward to find a developmental pattern. In contrast, rather than read in reverse from a positive outcome, the chapter builds networks forward from their early origins, revealing three crucial factors: organizational diversity, anchor tenant organizations that protect the norms of a community and provide relational glue across multiple affiliations, and a sequence of network formation that starts with local connections and subsequently expands to global linkages.Less
This chapter examines eleven regions in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s that were all rich in resources—ideas, money, and skills—which might have led to the formation of life sciences clusters. Yet only three of the regions—the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and San Diego—developed into robust industrial districts for biotechnology. Most research on the emergence of high-tech cluster samples on successful cases and traces backward to find a developmental pattern. In contrast, rather than read in reverse from a positive outcome, the chapter builds networks forward from their early origins, revealing three crucial factors: organizational diversity, anchor tenant organizations that protect the norms of a community and provide relational glue across multiple affiliations, and a sequence of network formation that starts with local connections and subsequently expands to global linkages.
Ida Susser
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195367317
- eISBN:
- 9780199951192
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195367317.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter examines the problems and attitudes which welfare regulations generated among clients. Bureaucratic delay, combined with stringent regulations, shaped the behavior of clients. Such ...
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This chapter examines the problems and attitudes which welfare regulations generated among clients. Bureaucratic delay, combined with stringent regulations, shaped the behavior of clients. Such influences were not always in the direction intended by the regulations. The conjunction of regulations for welfare assistance with the varied and complicated lives of recipients led to a system which did not correspond either to the explicit requirements of the New York State Department of Social Services or to the needs of poor people. This lack of correspondence contributed to the sense of fear and insecurity among low-income working-class people which was fostered both by the uncertain employment situation and by landlord-tenant relations. Each of these situations affected the development and effectiveness of efforts toward political articulation.Less
This chapter examines the problems and attitudes which welfare regulations generated among clients. Bureaucratic delay, combined with stringent regulations, shaped the behavior of clients. Such influences were not always in the direction intended by the regulations. The conjunction of regulations for welfare assistance with the varied and complicated lives of recipients led to a system which did not correspond either to the explicit requirements of the New York State Department of Social Services or to the needs of poor people. This lack of correspondence contributed to the sense of fear and insecurity among low-income working-class people which was fostered both by the uncertain employment situation and by landlord-tenant relations. Each of these situations affected the development and effectiveness of efforts toward political articulation.
John M. Giggie
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195304039
- eISBN:
- 9780199866885
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195304039.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century, History of Religion
This book explores religious transformation in the lives of ex-slaves and their descendants living in the Arkansas and Mississippi Delta between the end of Reconstruction and the start of the Great ...
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This book explores religious transformation in the lives of ex-slaves and their descendants living in the Arkansas and Mississippi Delta between the end of Reconstruction and the start of the Great Migration. It argues that Delta blacks, who were overwhelmingly rural sharecroppers and tenant farmers, developed a rich and complex sacred culture during this era. They forged a new religious culture by integrating their spiritual life with many of the defining features of the post‐Reconstruction South, including the rise of segregation and racial violence, the emergence of new forms of technology like train travel, the growth of black fraternal orders, and the rapid expansion of the consumer market. Experimenting with new symbols of freedom and racial respectability, forms of organizational culture, regional networks of communication, and popular notions of commodification and consumption enabled them to survive, make progress, and at times resist white supremacy. The book then evaluates the social consequences of these changes and shows in particular how the Holiness‐Pentecostal developed in large part as a rejection of them. It ends by probing how this new religious world influenced the Great Migration and black spiritual life in the 1920s and 1930s.Less
This book explores religious transformation in the lives of ex-slaves and their descendants living in the Arkansas and Mississippi Delta between the end of Reconstruction and the start of the Great Migration. It argues that Delta blacks, who were overwhelmingly rural sharecroppers and tenant farmers, developed a rich and complex sacred culture during this era. They forged a new religious culture by integrating their spiritual life with many of the defining features of the post‐Reconstruction South, including the rise of segregation and racial violence, the emergence of new forms of technology like train travel, the growth of black fraternal orders, and the rapid expansion of the consumer market. Experimenting with new symbols of freedom and racial respectability, forms of organizational culture, regional networks of communication, and popular notions of commodification and consumption enabled them to survive, make progress, and at times resist white supremacy. The book then evaluates the social consequences of these changes and shows in particular how the Holiness‐Pentecostal developed in large part as a rejection of them. It ends by probing how this new religious world influenced the Great Migration and black spiritual life in the 1920s and 1930s.
Roberta Gold
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252038181
- eISBN:
- 9780252095986
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252038181.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
In postwar America, not everyone wanted to move out of the city and into the suburbs. For decades before World War II, New York's tenants had organized to secure renters' rights. After the war, ...
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In postwar America, not everyone wanted to move out of the city and into the suburbs. For decades before World War II, New York's tenants had organized to secure renters' rights. After the war, tenant activists raised the stakes by challenging the newly dominant ideal of homeownership in racially segregated suburbs. They insisted that renters as well as owners had rights to stable, well-maintained homes, and they proposed that racially diverse urban communities held a right to remain in place—a right that outweighed owners' rights to raise rents, redevelop properties, or exclude tenants of color. Further, the activists asserted that women could participate fully in the political arenas where these matters were decided. Grounded in archival research and oral history, this book shows that New York City's tenant movement made a significant claim to citizenship rights that came to accrue, both ideologically and legally, to homeownership in postwar America. The book emphasizes the centrality of housing to the racial and class reorganization of the city after the war, the prominent role of women within the tenant movement, and their fostering of a concept of “urban community rights” grounded in their experience of living together in heterogeneous urban neighborhoods.Less
In postwar America, not everyone wanted to move out of the city and into the suburbs. For decades before World War II, New York's tenants had organized to secure renters' rights. After the war, tenant activists raised the stakes by challenging the newly dominant ideal of homeownership in racially segregated suburbs. They insisted that renters as well as owners had rights to stable, well-maintained homes, and they proposed that racially diverse urban communities held a right to remain in place—a right that outweighed owners' rights to raise rents, redevelop properties, or exclude tenants of color. Further, the activists asserted that women could participate fully in the political arenas where these matters were decided. Grounded in archival research and oral history, this book shows that New York City's tenant movement made a significant claim to citizenship rights that came to accrue, both ideologically and legally, to homeownership in postwar America. The book emphasizes the centrality of housing to the racial and class reorganization of the city after the war, the prominent role of women within the tenant movement, and their fostering of a concept of “urban community rights” grounded in their experience of living together in heterogeneous urban neighborhoods.
Frank H. T. Rhodes
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801478239
- eISBN:
- 9780801466212
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801478239.003.0025
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Environmental Geography
This concluding chapter looks back to the Earth's considerable history, emphasizing that the history of humanity herein is interlinked with that of many other living things sharing the same planet. ...
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This concluding chapter looks back to the Earth's considerable history, emphasizing that the history of humanity herein is interlinked with that of many other living things sharing the same planet. To that end, humanity acts as the “co-tenants” on Earth alongside other creatures, albeit with a knowledge and awareness of the Earth's bounty. To that end the chapter emphasizes our obligations to the planet and, furthermore, to attain wisdom beyond humanity's accumulated knowledge of the Earth and its myriad components. It posits, in short, that we engage our planet in a conversation—not merely an interrogation—of the Earth and what it can teach us.Less
This concluding chapter looks back to the Earth's considerable history, emphasizing that the history of humanity herein is interlinked with that of many other living things sharing the same planet. To that end, humanity acts as the “co-tenants” on Earth alongside other creatures, albeit with a knowledge and awareness of the Earth's bounty. To that end the chapter emphasizes our obligations to the planet and, furthermore, to attain wisdom beyond humanity's accumulated knowledge of the Earth and its myriad components. It posits, in short, that we engage our planet in a conversation—not merely an interrogation—of the Earth and what it can teach us.
W. E. Vaughan
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203568
- eISBN:
- 9780191675867
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203568.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
This book investigates the relations between landlords and tenants in Ireland between the great famine and the land war. Based on a remarkably wide range of primary sources, most notably collections ...
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This book investigates the relations between landlords and tenants in Ireland between the great famine and the land war. Based on a remarkably wide range of primary sources, most notably collections of estate papers, it is a comprehensive and wide-ranging analysis. It explores evictions, rents, tenant rights, estate management, agrarian outrages, and tenants' resistance to landlords. The book questions many assumptions about landlord-tenant relations that have previously been uncritically accepted.Less
This book investigates the relations between landlords and tenants in Ireland between the great famine and the land war. Based on a remarkably wide range of primary sources, most notably collections of estate papers, it is a comprehensive and wide-ranging analysis. It explores evictions, rents, tenant rights, estate management, agrarian outrages, and tenants' resistance to landlords. The book questions many assumptions about landlord-tenant relations that have previously been uncritically accepted.
Yujiro Hayami and Masao Kikuchi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199241019
- eISBN:
- 9780191601217
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199241015.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental, South and East Asia
This chapter analyses the emergence of two distinct agrarian systems in major rice-producing provinces in Luzon Island, Philippines. These are the large hacienda system characterized by the ...
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This chapter analyses the emergence of two distinct agrarian systems in major rice-producing provinces in Luzon Island, Philippines. These are the large hacienda system characterized by the management hierarchy for supervising a large number of tenants in Inner Central Luzon, and the relatively small-scale landlordism wherein landlords and tenants were tied by a patron-client bond. These agrarian systems evolved despite basic similarities in economic conditions such as ecological conditions for rice production, market access, colonial history, and post-independent government policies such as land reform.Less
This chapter analyses the emergence of two distinct agrarian systems in major rice-producing provinces in Luzon Island, Philippines. These are the large hacienda system characterized by the management hierarchy for supervising a large number of tenants in Inner Central Luzon, and the relatively small-scale landlordism wherein landlords and tenants were tied by a patron-client bond. These agrarian systems evolved despite basic similarities in economic conditions such as ecological conditions for rice production, market access, colonial history, and post-independent government policies such as land reform.
David Stone
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199247769
- eISBN:
- 9780191714818
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199247769.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter examines demesne management in medieval England generally and suggests that efficiency was dependent upon person, period, and place. It highlights the general competency of demesne ...
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This chapter examines demesne management in medieval England generally and suggests that efficiency was dependent upon person, period, and place. It highlights the general competency of demesne management on other manors before the Black Death, and argues that management became more efficient around 1300 as economic conditions deteriorated and levels of taxation rose, and that remote commercial manors were the most efficient of all. The chapter goes on to examine standards of demesne management after the Black Death, arguing that the great estates generally experienced a managerial crisis as the difficulties of managing a large farm increased and as other opportunities for skilled reeves became plentiful and available. Not only did this hasten the decision to lease demesnes on such estates, but it implies that smaller estates and farms, which were individually managed by their landlords or tenant farmers, did not experience the same degree of economic difficulty.Less
This chapter examines demesne management in medieval England generally and suggests that efficiency was dependent upon person, period, and place. It highlights the general competency of demesne management on other manors before the Black Death, and argues that management became more efficient around 1300 as economic conditions deteriorated and levels of taxation rose, and that remote commercial manors were the most efficient of all. The chapter goes on to examine standards of demesne management after the Black Death, arguing that the great estates generally experienced a managerial crisis as the difficulties of managing a large farm increased and as other opportunities for skilled reeves became plentiful and available. Not only did this hasten the decision to lease demesnes on such estates, but it implies that smaller estates and farms, which were individually managed by their landlords or tenant farmers, did not experience the same degree of economic difficulty.
Eltjo Schrage
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199206551
- eISBN:
- 9780191705397
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206551.003.0029
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration, Philosophy of Law
This chapter begins in the tenements of ancient Rome to show how medieval and later lawyers tackled the problem of the enrichment of a landlord which was liable to happen if, on the termination of ...
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This chapter begins in the tenements of ancient Rome to show how medieval and later lawyers tackled the problem of the enrichment of a landlord which was liable to happen if, on the termination of the lease, a tenant was not allowed to remove the improvements which he had made to the landlord's property. It then brings the story right up to the present day with an examination of recent changes in practice and in the Dutch Civil Code, which have sought to meet the legitimate claims of tenants without forcing landlords to pay for improvements which they do not want.Less
This chapter begins in the tenements of ancient Rome to show how medieval and later lawyers tackled the problem of the enrichment of a landlord which was liable to happen if, on the termination of the lease, a tenant was not allowed to remove the improvements which he had made to the landlord's property. It then brings the story right up to the present day with an examination of recent changes in practice and in the Dutch Civil Code, which have sought to meet the legitimate claims of tenants without forcing landlords to pay for improvements which they do not want.
Miranda Threlfall-Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253814
- eISBN:
- 9780191719813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253814.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
Two main patterns of purchasing emerge from this analysis of the priory's accounts, the ‘tenurial’ and ‘market’ methods. This chapter addresses the first of these — the purchasing of goods via Durham ...
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Two main patterns of purchasing emerge from this analysis of the priory's accounts, the ‘tenurial’ and ‘market’ methods. This chapter addresses the first of these — the purchasing of goods via Durham Cathedral Priory's tenurial networks. This was especially important for basic foodstuffs such as grain, livestock, and some fish, as well as goods manufactured in the north-east of England. Such goods were mainly supplied by tenants of the priory, and were offset or credited against rents owing in the accounts. The analysis reveals the interrelationship between the priory as landlord and its tenants to have been exceptionally close, and to have been to both parties' advantage.Less
Two main patterns of purchasing emerge from this analysis of the priory's accounts, the ‘tenurial’ and ‘market’ methods. This chapter addresses the first of these — the purchasing of goods via Durham Cathedral Priory's tenurial networks. This was especially important for basic foodstuffs such as grain, livestock, and some fish, as well as goods manufactured in the north-east of England. Such goods were mainly supplied by tenants of the priory, and were offset or credited against rents owing in the accounts. The analysis reveals the interrelationship between the priory as landlord and its tenants to have been exceptionally close, and to have been to both parties' advantage.
Derek Wood
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199532711
- eISBN:
- 9780191705489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532711.003.0043
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter focuses on the role of the House of Lords in relation to land law. It argues that the House has always responded energetically and purposefully to new legislation. Analysing the policy ...
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This chapter focuses on the role of the House of Lords in relation to land law. It argues that the House has always responded energetically and purposefully to new legislation. Analysing the policy underlying an Act of Parliament, carrying it into effect, and setting appropriate boundaries have been its main areas of activity. The large areas of law and practice which lie outside social or economic policy have benefited at most from sporadic raids. The answers to many practical problems in those areas still lie in the decisions of the lower courts, and the textbooks.Less
This chapter focuses on the role of the House of Lords in relation to land law. It argues that the House has always responded energetically and purposefully to new legislation. Analysing the policy underlying an Act of Parliament, carrying it into effect, and setting appropriate boundaries have been its main areas of activity. The large areas of law and practice which lie outside social or economic policy have benefited at most from sporadic raids. The answers to many practical problems in those areas still lie in the decisions of the lower courts, and the textbooks.
David Levine and Keith Wrightson
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198200666
- eISBN:
- 9780191674761
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198200666.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter is concerned with the impact of industrial development upon the copyholders of Whickham, the opportunities it presented, and the dislocation it entailed. It begins by examining the manor ...
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This chapter is concerned with the impact of industrial development upon the copyholders of Whickham, the opportunities it presented, and the dislocation it entailed. It begins by examining the manor of Whickham and the way of life of its tenants in the last third of the sixteenth century.Less
This chapter is concerned with the impact of industrial development upon the copyholders of Whickham, the opportunities it presented, and the dislocation it entailed. It begins by examining the manor of Whickham and the way of life of its tenants in the last third of the sixteenth century.
W. E. VAUGHAN
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203568
- eISBN:
- 9780191675867
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203568.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
The danger of a combination among the tenants and possibly a rent strike was obviously an obstacle to general increases over a whole estate. Sporadic increases, therefore, had at least the advantage ...
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The danger of a combination among the tenants and possibly a rent strike was obviously an obstacle to general increases over a whole estate. Sporadic increases, therefore, had at least the advantage of not generating widespread opposition. The experience of William Wann on the Gosford and Dungannon Royal School estates shows that increasing rents required diplomacy, good timing, and determination. In theory, the landlord had powerful weapons in his arsenal, but the tenants were not defenceless, and the position of the two parties was more evenly balanced than their purely legal relationship would suggest. Certainly, the argument that higher rents would have encouraged more intensive farming was as sound as its opposite, that security of tenure and compensation for improvements would have increased output. This unobtrusive aspect of rents, ignored by many contemporaries who were obsessed with rackrenting, was profoundly and pervasively important in landlord-tenant relations in Ireland.Less
The danger of a combination among the tenants and possibly a rent strike was obviously an obstacle to general increases over a whole estate. Sporadic increases, therefore, had at least the advantage of not generating widespread opposition. The experience of William Wann on the Gosford and Dungannon Royal School estates shows that increasing rents required diplomacy, good timing, and determination. In theory, the landlord had powerful weapons in his arsenal, but the tenants were not defenceless, and the position of the two parties was more evenly balanced than their purely legal relationship would suggest. Certainly, the argument that higher rents would have encouraged more intensive farming was as sound as its opposite, that security of tenure and compensation for improvements would have increased output. This unobtrusive aspect of rents, ignored by many contemporaries who were obsessed with rackrenting, was profoundly and pervasively important in landlord-tenant relations in Ireland.
W. E. VAUGHAN
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203568
- eISBN:
- 9780191675867
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203568.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In Ireland, landlords were greatly outnumbered by tenants. It was unlikely that landlords could mobilize more than 20,000 able-bodied followers to confront well over half a million tenants. Not only ...
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In Ireland, landlords were greatly outnumbered by tenants. It was unlikely that landlords could mobilize more than 20,000 able-bodied followers to confront well over half a million tenants. Not only were landlords numerically weak, but they suffered from weaknesses that made them vulnerable to tenants' resistance. The tenants, on the other hand, were numerous, they knew each other, and they had much in common. Their ability to organize themselves, to find what Bishop Nulty called ‘principles of aggregation’, was crucial to the history of landlord-tenant relations. The development of a trade union among them would have greatly modified the management of estates even without the land acts of 1870 and 1881. Organized resistance, both legal and illegal, between 1879 and 1882 played an important part in changing landlordism.Less
In Ireland, landlords were greatly outnumbered by tenants. It was unlikely that landlords could mobilize more than 20,000 able-bodied followers to confront well over half a million tenants. Not only were landlords numerically weak, but they suffered from weaknesses that made them vulnerable to tenants' resistance. The tenants, on the other hand, were numerous, they knew each other, and they had much in common. Their ability to organize themselves, to find what Bishop Nulty called ‘principles of aggregation’, was crucial to the history of landlord-tenant relations. The development of a trade union among them would have greatly modified the management of estates even without the land acts of 1870 and 1881. Organized resistance, both legal and illegal, between 1879 and 1882 played an important part in changing landlordism.
George Garnett
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198207931
- eISBN:
- 9780191716775
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207931.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
This chapter explores in more detail the transformation in tenure consequent on William's conquest. It concentrates on the writings of Eadmer of Canterbury who revealed a particularly acute ...
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This chapter explores in more detail the transformation in tenure consequent on William's conquest. It concentrates on the writings of Eadmer of Canterbury who revealed a particularly acute understanding of the tenurial changes which the Conquest had entailed. He saw that prelates as well as laymen held their lands of the king in a new way — a way which he regarded as sacrilegious. This novel personal and tenurial bond was created by homage. The chapter proceeds to explore these changes more broadly by reference to Domesday Book, charters, and writs, and most notably Henry I's coronation charter. It argues that the king's position as the only lord who was not in turn a tenant is the most potent and neglected consequence of the Conquest.Less
This chapter explores in more detail the transformation in tenure consequent on William's conquest. It concentrates on the writings of Eadmer of Canterbury who revealed a particularly acute understanding of the tenurial changes which the Conquest had entailed. He saw that prelates as well as laymen held their lands of the king in a new way — a way which he regarded as sacrilegious. This novel personal and tenurial bond was created by homage. The chapter proceeds to explore these changes more broadly by reference to Domesday Book, charters, and writs, and most notably Henry I's coronation charter. It argues that the king's position as the only lord who was not in turn a tenant is the most potent and neglected consequence of the Conquest.
Fred C. Smith
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781617039560
- eISBN:
- 9781626740099
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781617039560.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The poor have always been with us. In the rural American South, the “bottom half” languished on the edge of survival since Reconstruction. When the Great Depression hit, their plight worsened. The ...
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The poor have always been with us. In the rural American South, the “bottom half” languished on the edge of survival since Reconstruction. When the Great Depression hit, their plight worsened. The New Deal – and the nation – responded with a radical and innovative solution. Model communities were created to help the rural poor, if not to attain full middle-class status, at least to escape peasantry. These communities, which I have dubbed “American Goshens,” would provide adequate nourishment, shelter, and financing plans for the working poor Remarkably, these 200-plus “Goshens,” such as the Tupelo Homesteads and Dyess Colony in Arkansas, were not just forged by New Deal policy-makers. A coalition of liberal Christians – led by Reinhold Niebuhr, and the Socialist Party of America built a bi-racial cooperative farm in the Mississippi Delta, the Delta Cooperative Farm at Hillhouse, Miss. The appeal of new and clean cottages, a parcel of land, and a liberal financing arrangement must have seemed to plain folk much like biblical Goshen seemed to the children of Israel. Indeed the announcement of the imminent creation of “Goshen” caused heretofore reluctant-to-write plain folk to inquire further of the conditions, of the requirements for admittance, and for information on how to apply. Ultimately, all the Goshens, designed to redeem and rescue the plain folk of the rural South, failed. This book examines why they were created, the economic theories that justified them, how they were built and managed, and why plain folk refused to live in Goshen.Less
The poor have always been with us. In the rural American South, the “bottom half” languished on the edge of survival since Reconstruction. When the Great Depression hit, their plight worsened. The New Deal – and the nation – responded with a radical and innovative solution. Model communities were created to help the rural poor, if not to attain full middle-class status, at least to escape peasantry. These communities, which I have dubbed “American Goshens,” would provide adequate nourishment, shelter, and financing plans for the working poor Remarkably, these 200-plus “Goshens,” such as the Tupelo Homesteads and Dyess Colony in Arkansas, were not just forged by New Deal policy-makers. A coalition of liberal Christians – led by Reinhold Niebuhr, and the Socialist Party of America built a bi-racial cooperative farm in the Mississippi Delta, the Delta Cooperative Farm at Hillhouse, Miss. The appeal of new and clean cottages, a parcel of land, and a liberal financing arrangement must have seemed to plain folk much like biblical Goshen seemed to the children of Israel. Indeed the announcement of the imminent creation of “Goshen” caused heretofore reluctant-to-write plain folk to inquire further of the conditions, of the requirements for admittance, and for information on how to apply. Ultimately, all the Goshens, designed to redeem and rescue the plain folk of the rural South, failed. This book examines why they were created, the economic theories that justified them, how they were built and managed, and why plain folk refused to live in Goshen.
Yue Chim Richard Wong
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9789888390625
- eISBN:
- 9789888390373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888390625.003.0024
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
If the restriction on selling TPS and HOS units on the open market were removed or the unpaid land premiums substantially lowered, then an active market would appear. They would then become an ...
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If the restriction on selling TPS and HOS units on the open market were removed or the unpaid land premiums substantially lowered, then an active market would appear. They would then become an important source of new housing capital. Such privatization of public rental units and deregulation of sale restrictions on ownership units would substantially enhance the market value of government housing.Less
If the restriction on selling TPS and HOS units on the open market were removed or the unpaid land premiums substantially lowered, then an active market would appear. They would then become an important source of new housing capital. Such privatization of public rental units and deregulation of sale restrictions on ownership units would substantially enhance the market value of government housing.
Timothy Williamson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199285495
- eISBN:
- 9780191713972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285495.003.0013
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
In The Taming of the True (1997), Neil Tennant objects to the specific intuitionistic anti-realist response to Fitch envisaged by the author, and proposes his own alternative responses, still of a ...
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In The Taming of the True (1997), Neil Tennant objects to the specific intuitionistic anti-realist response to Fitch envisaged by the author, and proposes his own alternative responses, still of a broadly intuitionistic anti-realist kind. In response (2000b), the author argued that both Tennant's objections and his alternatives fail, and that the result illustrates a more general point: that moderate forms of anti-realism tend to be the least stable. Tennant replied at length (2001a). For some time the author thought that the problems with his 2001 reply were sufficiently evident to make any further response from me unnecessary. Later experience has taught him otherwise. This chapter shows that Tennant's reply fails completely to meet the difficulties raised in 2000. Since his reply engages with many details of that paper (2000b), while missing the relevance of some of the most crucial ones, the most efficient course is to rehearse the arguments of that paper, interspersing them with discussion of Tennant's objections as they arise. Thus the present chapter constitutes a self-standing critique of Tennant's treatment of the Fitch paradox that properly includes its predecessor.Less
In The Taming of the True (1997), Neil Tennant objects to the specific intuitionistic anti-realist response to Fitch envisaged by the author, and proposes his own alternative responses, still of a broadly intuitionistic anti-realist kind. In response (2000b), the author argued that both Tennant's objections and his alternatives fail, and that the result illustrates a more general point: that moderate forms of anti-realism tend to be the least stable. Tennant replied at length (2001a). For some time the author thought that the problems with his 2001 reply were sufficiently evident to make any further response from me unnecessary. Later experience has taught him otherwise. This chapter shows that Tennant's reply fails completely to meet the difficulties raised in 2000. Since his reply engages with many details of that paper (2000b), while missing the relevance of some of the most crucial ones, the most efficient course is to rehearse the arguments of that paper, interspersing them with discussion of Tennant's objections as they arise. Thus the present chapter constitutes a self-standing critique of Tennant's treatment of the Fitch paradox that properly includes its predecessor.
