Franklin E. Zimring
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195181166
- eISBN:
- 9780199943302
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181166.003.0049
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter attempts to use some of the same perspectives on adolescence that inform modern theories of juvenile justice to evaluate policies toward teen pregnancy. The concerns that provoke special ...
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This chapter attempts to use some of the same perspectives on adolescence that inform modern theories of juvenile justice to evaluate policies toward teen pregnancy. The concerns that provoke special policy toward teen pregnancy were an important part of the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, when girls at risk were frequently classified as “status offenders.” The problems associated with severe punishment for status offenders led to a tactical withdrawal of delinquency classifications and institutional placement for girls at their sexual risk. But teen pregnancy remains a policy problem of concern. The chapter first discusses the reason why teen pregnancy might be regarded as a special problem. It then examines a range of potential public policies that have been proposed to prevent or respond to teen child bearing. A final section emphasizes the hazards of punishment as a tool to discourage teen childbearing.Less
This chapter attempts to use some of the same perspectives on adolescence that inform modern theories of juvenile justice to evaluate policies toward teen pregnancy. The concerns that provoke special policy toward teen pregnancy were an important part of the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, when girls at risk were frequently classified as “status offenders.” The problems associated with severe punishment for status offenders led to a tactical withdrawal of delinquency classifications and institutional placement for girls at their sexual risk. But teen pregnancy remains a policy problem of concern. The chapter first discusses the reason why teen pregnancy might be regarded as a special problem. It then examines a range of potential public policies that have been proposed to prevent or respond to teen child bearing. A final section emphasizes the hazards of punishment as a tool to discourage teen childbearing.
Stefanie Mollborn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190633271
- eISBN:
- 9780190633318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633271.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology and Interaction
Communities are the outer circle of the social worlds interviewees described when talking about norms and social control around teen sex and teen pregnancy. Families, peers, and schools are embedded ...
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Communities are the outer circle of the social worlds interviewees described when talking about norms and social control around teen sex and teen pregnancy. Families, peers, and schools are embedded in communities. People and institutions in the community try to control teens’ access to opportunities for sex, contraception, and abortion. They can strengthen their control by collaborating or weaken it through conflict. The threat of social sanctions from the community affects teens’ behaviors and their public portrayals of those behaviors, as well as other people’s enforcement of teen sexuality norms. Although the norm sets and metanorms in a community are usually confusing and contradictory, an underlying moral or practical rationale provides a cohesive logic. These rationales, which tend to track with the importance of religion in the community, combine with its socioeconomic status to shape teens’ behaviors and their public portrayals and justifications of these behaviors.Less
Communities are the outer circle of the social worlds interviewees described when talking about norms and social control around teen sex and teen pregnancy. Families, peers, and schools are embedded in communities. People and institutions in the community try to control teens’ access to opportunities for sex, contraception, and abortion. They can strengthen their control by collaborating or weaken it through conflict. The threat of social sanctions from the community affects teens’ behaviors and their public portrayals of those behaviors, as well as other people’s enforcement of teen sexuality norms. Although the norm sets and metanorms in a community are usually confusing and contradictory, an underlying moral or practical rationale provides a cohesive logic. These rationales, which tend to track with the importance of religion in the community, combine with its socioeconomic status to shape teens’ behaviors and their public portrayals and justifications of these behaviors.
Mary Beth Harris
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195370577
- eISBN:
- 9780199893386
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370577.003.0008
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
This chapter explores school-based pregnancy prevention practices and programs currently in use in schools across the nation. It identifies programs and program components that have been evaluated ...
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This chapter explores school-based pregnancy prevention practices and programs currently in use in schools across the nation. It identifies programs and program components that have been evaluated and demonstrated to be effective in modifying adolescent sexual behavior and preventing adolescent pregnancy. It provides guidance for assessing program goodness-of-fit to the needs and values of the local school and community, and for planning and carrying out programs demonstrated effective in school settings. A bibliography of resources provides program specifics and contact information for locating programs that have been demonstrated to be effective.Less
This chapter explores school-based pregnancy prevention practices and programs currently in use in schools across the nation. It identifies programs and program components that have been evaluated and demonstrated to be effective in modifying adolescent sexual behavior and preventing adolescent pregnancy. It provides guidance for assessing program goodness-of-fit to the needs and values of the local school and community, and for planning and carrying out programs demonstrated effective in school settings. A bibliography of resources provides program specifics and contact information for locating programs that have been demonstrated to be effective.
Melissa Schettini Kearney
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226475813
- eISBN:
- 9780226475837
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226475837.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
Teen childbearing is widely considered a major social problem. This chapter focuses on program interventions, but it also includes a brief discussion of the potential impacts of relevant public ...
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Teen childbearing is widely considered a major social problem. This chapter focuses on program interventions, but it also includes a brief discussion of the potential impacts of relevant public policies. The effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention as an antipoverty strategy depends on two key elements: (1) the effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention interventions in preventing teen pregnancies and births and (2) the effectiveness of reducing teen childbearing in driving down rates of poverty. There is a lack of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of many program interventions, but there is some cause for optimism that the best programs may work in the right settings. The chapter discusses the evidence on the link between teen childbearing and subsequent economic outcomes including rates of poverty among teen mothers. The evidence is weak that driving down rates of teen childbearing per se will lead to measurable reductions in poverty.Less
Teen childbearing is widely considered a major social problem. This chapter focuses on program interventions, but it also includes a brief discussion of the potential impacts of relevant public policies. The effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention as an antipoverty strategy depends on two key elements: (1) the effectiveness of teen pregnancy prevention interventions in preventing teen pregnancies and births and (2) the effectiveness of reducing teen childbearing in driving down rates of poverty. There is a lack of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of many program interventions, but there is some cause for optimism that the best programs may work in the right settings. The chapter discusses the evidence on the link between teen childbearing and subsequent economic outcomes including rates of poverty among teen mothers. The evidence is weak that driving down rates of teen childbearing per se will lead to measurable reductions in poverty.
B. Levine Phillip
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226310138
- eISBN:
- 9780226309972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226309972.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Behavioural Economics
A Gallup poll conducted in May 1999 found that 7 percent of those surveyed reported that youth/teen pregnancy was the most important problem facing the United States today. The concern about teen ...
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A Gallup poll conducted in May 1999 found that 7 percent of those surveyed reported that youth/teen pregnancy was the most important problem facing the United States today. The concern about teen pregnancy has even led to national goals regarding its reduction. This chapter reviews the theory and empirical evidence regarding teens' sexual activity and use of birth control with an emphasis on the contribution that economic analysis can make. It first presents a series of descriptive statistics designed to document recent trends in these activities for the population as a whole and for racial/ethnic subgroups. It then analyzes two data sets to provide correlational evidence regarding who engages in sexual activity and uses contraception. State-level data are also used to identify whether changes in “prices” affect these activities, where prices are measured by economic conditions, AIDS incidence, welfare generosity, and the restrictiveness of abortion policy. The chapter also looks at the evidence on the effect of teen childbearing on the subsequent well-being of women.Less
A Gallup poll conducted in May 1999 found that 7 percent of those surveyed reported that youth/teen pregnancy was the most important problem facing the United States today. The concern about teen pregnancy has even led to national goals regarding its reduction. This chapter reviews the theory and empirical evidence regarding teens' sexual activity and use of birth control with an emphasis on the contribution that economic analysis can make. It first presents a series of descriptive statistics designed to document recent trends in these activities for the population as a whole and for racial/ethnic subgroups. It then analyzes two data sets to provide correlational evidence regarding who engages in sexual activity and uses contraception. State-level data are also used to identify whether changes in “prices” affect these activities, where prices are measured by economic conditions, AIDS incidence, welfare generosity, and the restrictiveness of abortion policy. The chapter also looks at the evidence on the effect of teen childbearing on the subsequent well-being of women.
Stefanie Mollborn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190633271
- eISBN:
- 9780190633318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633271.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology and Interaction
This chapter analyzes teenagers’ perspectives on how their parents and family members convey and enforce norms about teen sex and teen pregnancy. Teens see parents as important communicators and ...
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This chapter analyzes teenagers’ perspectives on how their parents and family members convey and enforce norms about teen sex and teen pregnancy. Teens see parents as important communicators and enforcers of teen sexuality norms. Their norms tend to reinforce the normative messages teens are getting from their schools and communities, and the norms are justified using the practical or moral rationale. Parents and teens are motivated to keep silent about actual sexual behaviors, so hypothetical situations, gossip, conspiracies of silence, and cautionary tales are important methods of indirect communication. Parents use emotional and material threats, as well as social control and physical control over the teen’s body and contraceptive options, to try to enforce norms, but nonetheless most teens have sex while they are still in high school.Less
This chapter analyzes teenagers’ perspectives on how their parents and family members convey and enforce norms about teen sex and teen pregnancy. Teens see parents as important communicators and enforcers of teen sexuality norms. Their norms tend to reinforce the normative messages teens are getting from their schools and communities, and the norms are justified using the practical or moral rationale. Parents and teens are motivated to keep silent about actual sexual behaviors, so hypothetical situations, gossip, conspiracies of silence, and cautionary tales are important methods of indirect communication. Parents use emotional and material threats, as well as social control and physical control over the teen’s body and contraceptive options, to try to enforce norms, but nonetheless most teens have sex while they are still in high school.
Stefanie Mollborn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190633271
- eISBN:
- 9780190633318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633271.003.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology and Interaction
This chapter introduces the book’s main questions: What norms about teen sexuality are being communicated to U.S. teens by their families, friends, schools, and communities? How are these norms ...
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This chapter introduces the book’s main questions: What norms about teen sexuality are being communicated to U.S. teens by their families, friends, schools, and communities? How are these norms conveyed and enforced? And what strategies do teens use to negotiate the normative pressures they experience? The chapter previews the book’s new ideas about norms and social control and its real-world approach to understanding norms by studying the in-depth case of U.S. teen sexuality. The chapter describes teen sex, teen pregnancy, and teen parenthood and how they have changed over time. It closes with a description of the book’s interviews with college students and teen parents and an overview of chapters.Less
This chapter introduces the book’s main questions: What norms about teen sexuality are being communicated to U.S. teens by their families, friends, schools, and communities? How are these norms conveyed and enforced? And what strategies do teens use to negotiate the normative pressures they experience? The chapter previews the book’s new ideas about norms and social control and its real-world approach to understanding norms by studying the in-depth case of U.S. teen sexuality. The chapter describes teen sex, teen pregnancy, and teen parenthood and how they have changed over time. It closes with a description of the book’s interviews with college students and teen parents and an overview of chapters.
Stefanie Mollborn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190633271
- eISBN:
- 9780190633318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633271.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology and Interaction
School plays a complicated role in regulating teenagers’ sexuality. School is a fishbowl that contains peer interactions and social exclusion. It also represents the key institutional pathway to ...
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School plays a complicated role in regulating teenagers’ sexuality. School is a fishbowl that contains peer interactions and social exclusion. It also represents the key institutional pathway to socioeconomic success that parents emphasize when communicating the practical rationale against teen sex. School administrators and staff exercise powerful social control in their own right, within constraints placed by the district, state, and nation such as Title IX legislation. They communicate teen pregnancy norms through hidden agendas, act as agents of formal socialization through sex education, and often exercise physical control over pregnant girls’ bodies by facilitating their transfer out of the school. In many cases, these actions encourage a climate of silence and invisibility around teen pregnancy in the school. In communicating and enforcing teen sexuality norms, schools often act as a mouthpiece for the broader community.Less
School plays a complicated role in regulating teenagers’ sexuality. School is a fishbowl that contains peer interactions and social exclusion. It also represents the key institutional pathway to socioeconomic success that parents emphasize when communicating the practical rationale against teen sex. School administrators and staff exercise powerful social control in their own right, within constraints placed by the district, state, and nation such as Title IX legislation. They communicate teen pregnancy norms through hidden agendas, act as agents of formal socialization through sex education, and often exercise physical control over pregnant girls’ bodies by facilitating their transfer out of the school. In many cases, these actions encourage a climate of silence and invisibility around teen pregnancy in the school. In communicating and enforcing teen sexuality norms, schools often act as a mouthpiece for the broader community.
JOY G. DRYFOOS
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195137859
- eISBN:
- 9780199846948
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137859.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter reviews a few selected evaluated programs in three fields — delinquency, substance abuse, and teen pregnancy — and takes a look at programs in AIDS/HIV prevention. Many programs focus on ...
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This chapter reviews a few selected evaluated programs in three fields — delinquency, substance abuse, and teen pregnancy — and takes a look at programs in AIDS/HIV prevention. Many programs focus on increasing knowledge or changing attitudes. To determine whether a program really works, the methodology of evaluation research is examined. Multiple components have to be put together to strengthen the impact of the programs. Single-component efforts such as classroom curriculum or individual counseling are useful but not sufficient for changing the environment in which the high-risk behaviors are taking place. Most of the report cited also deal with policy issues. Violence prevention requires restrictions on the sale, purchase, and transfer of guns. Substance-abuse prevention calls for enforcement of law and taxes on cigarettes and alcohol. Teen pregnancy and HIV prevention depend on the availability of forms of birth control.Less
This chapter reviews a few selected evaluated programs in three fields — delinquency, substance abuse, and teen pregnancy — and takes a look at programs in AIDS/HIV prevention. Many programs focus on increasing knowledge or changing attitudes. To determine whether a program really works, the methodology of evaluation research is examined. Multiple components have to be put together to strengthen the impact of the programs. Single-component efforts such as classroom curriculum or individual counseling are useful but not sufficient for changing the environment in which the high-risk behaviors are taking place. Most of the report cited also deal with policy issues. Violence prevention requires restrictions on the sale, purchase, and transfer of guns. Substance-abuse prevention calls for enforcement of law and taxes on cigarettes and alcohol. Teen pregnancy and HIV prevention depend on the availability of forms of birth control.
Stefanie Mollborn
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- March 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190633271
- eISBN:
- 9780190633318
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633271.003.0008
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology and Interaction
Who is winning the struggle between teens and norm enforcers over teen sex? Nobody is. Most teens are abstinent throughout much of high school, but most end up having sex before finishing high ...
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Who is winning the struggle between teens and norm enforcers over teen sex? Nobody is. Most teens are abstinent throughout much of high school, but most end up having sex before finishing high school, many don’t use contraception consistently, and many end up with unintended teen pregnancies. The norm enforcers around them aren’t achieving their goals. This social control does have many negative unintended consequences, though. This chapter summarizes the book’s theoretical contributions to the study of norms and discusses the findings in light of recent societal trends. The chapter closes with specific policy suggestions for improving U.S. teens’ sexual health and reproductive health, including action recommendations for parents, schools, community members, and teenagers.Less
Who is winning the struggle between teens and norm enforcers over teen sex? Nobody is. Most teens are abstinent throughout much of high school, but most end up having sex before finishing high school, many don’t use contraception consistently, and many end up with unintended teen pregnancies. The norm enforcers around them aren’t achieving their goals. This social control does have many negative unintended consequences, though. This chapter summarizes the book’s theoretical contributions to the study of norms and discusses the findings in light of recent societal trends. The chapter closes with specific policy suggestions for improving U.S. teens’ sexual health and reproductive health, including action recommendations for parents, schools, community members, and teenagers.
Ruby C. Tapia
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780816653102
- eISBN:
- 9781452946153
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Minnesota Press
- DOI:
- 10.5749/minnesota/9780816653102.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter draws upon the work of both critical-race theorists and feminist sociologists to analyze how the California Department of Health Services’ “Partnership for Responsible Parenting” ...
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This chapter draws upon the work of both critical-race theorists and feminist sociologists to analyze how the California Department of Health Services’ “Partnership for Responsible Parenting” disguises national and local concerns about changing racial demographics and non-traditional family structures within the rhetoric of the “teenage pregnancy” problem. The discourses that mark the maternal bodies of women of color as racialized, sexualized threats to moral and civic “responsibility,” “family values,” and “public health” achieve their distinctly racialized character and racializing function through their status as part of deviant sexuality, deficient motherhood, and national economic and social threat burden. The chapter also locates the visual print media components of state-authored teen pregnancy prevention initiatives within the same public “screening space” as other U.S. visual constructions of maternal bodies.Less
This chapter draws upon the work of both critical-race theorists and feminist sociologists to analyze how the California Department of Health Services’ “Partnership for Responsible Parenting” disguises national and local concerns about changing racial demographics and non-traditional family structures within the rhetoric of the “teenage pregnancy” problem. The discourses that mark the maternal bodies of women of color as racialized, sexualized threats to moral and civic “responsibility,” “family values,” and “public health” achieve their distinctly racialized character and racializing function through their status as part of deviant sexuality, deficient motherhood, and national economic and social threat burden. The chapter also locates the visual print media components of state-authored teen pregnancy prevention initiatives within the same public “screening space” as other U.S. visual constructions of maternal bodies.
Joy G. Dryfoos
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195137859
- eISBN:
- 9780199846948
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195137859.001.0001
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Children today face daunting obstacles on the path to adulthood — failing schools, dangerous streets, drug abuse, and teen pregnancy. But the good news, according to this book, is that there are many ...
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Children today face daunting obstacles on the path to adulthood — failing schools, dangerous streets, drug abuse, and teen pregnancy. But the good news, according to this book, is that there are many programs out there that work — models that we can apply to our own communities and our own children. This book helps us find them. Indeed, this book examines hundreds of successful programs, ideas that have worked in the real world — and in a very tough real world, at that — such as the Turner Middle School in Philadelphia, a model of the ‘university assisted’ community school. The book also studies the new trend toward full-service schools, programs that make the school the hub of the community, serving as enrichment centers and neighborhood safe-havens. It evaluates programs that try to cope with sex, drugs, and violence — revealing which ones work and what aspects of these programs are most effective — and also dissects programs that have failed, like the highly touted drug program called DARE.Less
Children today face daunting obstacles on the path to adulthood — failing schools, dangerous streets, drug abuse, and teen pregnancy. But the good news, according to this book, is that there are many programs out there that work — models that we can apply to our own communities and our own children. This book helps us find them. Indeed, this book examines hundreds of successful programs, ideas that have worked in the real world — and in a very tough real world, at that — such as the Turner Middle School in Philadelphia, a model of the ‘university assisted’ community school. The book also studies the new trend toward full-service schools, programs that make the school the hub of the community, serving as enrichment centers and neighborhood safe-havens. It evaluates programs that try to cope with sex, drugs, and violence — revealing which ones work and what aspects of these programs are most effective — and also dissects programs that have failed, like the highly touted drug program called DARE.
Ranita Ray
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520292055
- eISBN:
- 9780520965614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292055.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
This chapter provides a nuanced look at the romantic and sexual relationships of Port City youth. Popular culture, media, public policy, and academic scholarship alike have pathologized the romantic ...
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This chapter provides a nuanced look at the romantic and sexual relationships of Port City youth. Popular culture, media, public policy, and academic scholarship alike have pathologized the romantic and sexual relationships of economically marginalized youth of color by constructing their sexualities as “risky,” teen pregnancy as an epidemic in their communities, and men in these communities as predatory. Their romantic and sexual ties are, however, more complex. This chapter highlights the many joys of first love, the heartbreaks of romance, the resources generated within romantic and sexual relationships, as well as the sacrifices people make out of love. It shows how gender ideologies impact the everyday lives of youth, and it highlights how young women manage the pregnancy panic by distancing themselves from risk narratives and from some of their pregnant and parenting peers. They distance themselves by drawing on feminist ideologies of self-development and, in the process, police their own bodies and bodies of their peers, often reproducing dominant race, class, and gender narratives. Drawing on women-of-color feminisms, this chapter argues that the ubiquitous problematization of teen parenthood and sexuality interferes with resources that could be used to support all young people’s educational and occupational goals.Less
This chapter provides a nuanced look at the romantic and sexual relationships of Port City youth. Popular culture, media, public policy, and academic scholarship alike have pathologized the romantic and sexual relationships of economically marginalized youth of color by constructing their sexualities as “risky,” teen pregnancy as an epidemic in their communities, and men in these communities as predatory. Their romantic and sexual ties are, however, more complex. This chapter highlights the many joys of first love, the heartbreaks of romance, the resources generated within romantic and sexual relationships, as well as the sacrifices people make out of love. It shows how gender ideologies impact the everyday lives of youth, and it highlights how young women manage the pregnancy panic by distancing themselves from risk narratives and from some of their pregnant and parenting peers. They distance themselves by drawing on feminist ideologies of self-development and, in the process, police their own bodies and bodies of their peers, often reproducing dominant race, class, and gender narratives. Drawing on women-of-color feminisms, this chapter argues that the ubiquitous problematization of teen parenthood and sexuality interferes with resources that could be used to support all young people’s educational and occupational goals.
Clare Huntington
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195385762
- eISBN:
- 9780199366965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385762.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
Too often, families are unable to provide children with the strong, stable, positive relationships that are essential for individual and societal well-being. This chapter describes the substantial ...
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Too often, families are unable to provide children with the strong, stable, positive relationships that are essential for individual and societal well-being. This chapter describes the substantial challenges facing families today—including domestic violence, teen pregnancy, child abuse and neglect, divorce, poverty, and unemployment—that make it much harder for parents to form these kinds of relationships with each other and with their children. This chapter also addresses the seismic demographic changes in families, particularly the decline in marriage rates and the accompanying rise of single-parent households and nonmarital children, which often complicate a family’s ability to nurture children.Less
Too often, families are unable to provide children with the strong, stable, positive relationships that are essential for individual and societal well-being. This chapter describes the substantial challenges facing families today—including domestic violence, teen pregnancy, child abuse and neglect, divorce, poverty, and unemployment—that make it much harder for parents to form these kinds of relationships with each other and with their children. This chapter also addresses the seismic demographic changes in families, particularly the decline in marriage rates and the accompanying rise of single-parent households and nonmarital children, which often complicate a family’s ability to nurture children.
Clare Huntington
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780195385762
- eISBN:
- 9780199366965
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385762.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
Proactively nurturing strong, stable, positive relationships is not just a lofty ideal. There are practices already in place—albeit underfunded and not uniformly adopted—that reflect the four ...
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Proactively nurturing strong, stable, positive relationships is not just a lofty ideal. There are practices already in place—albeit underfunded and not uniformly adopted—that reflect the four cornerstones described earlier. This chapter describes several of these promising reforms to demonstrate that it is possible for family law to nurture strong, stable, positive relationships, serving the interests of both families and the state. Examples include visiting nurses for at-risk mothers, early-childhood education, teen-pregnancy prevention, and zoning laws that encourage family interaction and social ties among neighbors. Family law need not, and in many cases should not, directly intervene in family life. Instead, the government will often be more successful, and likely meet less resistance, if it attempts to encourage these kinds of relationships through indirect means such as subsidies, incentives, choice architecture, and influencing social norms.Less
Proactively nurturing strong, stable, positive relationships is not just a lofty ideal. There are practices already in place—albeit underfunded and not uniformly adopted—that reflect the four cornerstones described earlier. This chapter describes several of these promising reforms to demonstrate that it is possible for family law to nurture strong, stable, positive relationships, serving the interests of both families and the state. Examples include visiting nurses for at-risk mothers, early-childhood education, teen-pregnancy prevention, and zoning laws that encourage family interaction and social ties among neighbors. Family law need not, and in many cases should not, directly intervene in family life. Instead, the government will often be more successful, and likely meet less resistance, if it attempts to encourage these kinds of relationships through indirect means such as subsidies, incentives, choice architecture, and influencing social norms.
Kelly Oliver
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231161091
- eISBN:
- 9780231530705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231161091.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This concluding chapter concentrates on the final film in the Twilight Series, Twilight: Breaking Dawn (2011), a pregnancy film that draws together many of the themes presented throughout the book, ...
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This concluding chapter concentrates on the final film in the Twilight Series, Twilight: Breaking Dawn (2011), a pregnancy film that draws together many of the themes presented throughout the book, such as choice, romance, teen pregnancy, excess, abject pregnant bodies, the fetus versus maternal body, the cult of maternity, and the fears of hybridity. It asks: since pregnancy is depicted as the transformation that unites unlikely couples in romcoms, what does it mean when pregnancy, birth, and the transformation from human to inhuman are all part of the same process? Ultimately, the pregnant body has become the bio-political example of struggles over principles of domesticity, patriarchal norms, and cultural authenticity as they are influenced by changing technologies that make it possible to imagine reproduction in laboratories.Less
This concluding chapter concentrates on the final film in the Twilight Series, Twilight: Breaking Dawn (2011), a pregnancy film that draws together many of the themes presented throughout the book, such as choice, romance, teen pregnancy, excess, abject pregnant bodies, the fetus versus maternal body, the cult of maternity, and the fears of hybridity. It asks: since pregnancy is depicted as the transformation that unites unlikely couples in romcoms, what does it mean when pregnancy, birth, and the transformation from human to inhuman are all part of the same process? Ultimately, the pregnant body has become the bio-political example of struggles over principles of domesticity, patriarchal norms, and cultural authenticity as they are influenced by changing technologies that make it possible to imagine reproduction in laboratories.
Laury Oaks
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- March 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479897926
- eISBN:
- 9781479883073
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479897926.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
“Baby safe haven” laws, which allow a parent to relinquish a newborn baby legally and anonymously at a specified institutional location—such as a hospital or fire station—were established in every ...
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“Baby safe haven” laws, which allow a parent to relinquish a newborn baby legally and anonymously at a specified institutional location—such as a hospital or fire station—were established in every state between 1999 and 2009. Promoted during a time of heated public debate over policies on abortion, sex education, teen pregnancy, adoption, welfare, immigrant reproduction, and child abuse, safe haven laws were passed by the majority of states with little contest. These laws were thought to offer a solution to the consequences of unwanted pregnancy: mothers would no longer be burdened with children they could not care for, and newborn babies would no longer be abandoned in dumpsters. Yet while these laws are well meaning, they ignore the real problem: some women lack key social and economic supports that mothers need to raise children. Safe haven laws do little to help disadvantaged women. Instead, advocates of safe haven laws target teenagers, women of color, and poor women with safe haven information and see relinquishing custody of their newborns as an act of maternal love. Disadvantaged women are preemptively judged as “bad” mothers whose babies would be better off without them. This book argues that the labeling of certain kinds of women as potential “bad” mothers who should consider anonymously giving up their newborns for adoption into a “loving” home should best be understood as an issue of reproductive justice.Less
“Baby safe haven” laws, which allow a parent to relinquish a newborn baby legally and anonymously at a specified institutional location—such as a hospital or fire station—were established in every state between 1999 and 2009. Promoted during a time of heated public debate over policies on abortion, sex education, teen pregnancy, adoption, welfare, immigrant reproduction, and child abuse, safe haven laws were passed by the majority of states with little contest. These laws were thought to offer a solution to the consequences of unwanted pregnancy: mothers would no longer be burdened with children they could not care for, and newborn babies would no longer be abandoned in dumpsters. Yet while these laws are well meaning, they ignore the real problem: some women lack key social and economic supports that mothers need to raise children. Safe haven laws do little to help disadvantaged women. Instead, advocates of safe haven laws target teenagers, women of color, and poor women with safe haven information and see relinquishing custody of their newborns as an act of maternal love. Disadvantaged women are preemptively judged as “bad” mothers whose babies would be better off without them. This book argues that the labeling of certain kinds of women as potential “bad” mothers who should consider anonymously giving up their newborns for adoption into a “loving” home should best be understood as an issue of reproductive justice.
Elizabeth D. Ríos
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195162271
- eISBN:
- 9780199850365
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162271.003.0013
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter examines the narratives of Puerto Rican Pentecostal women in ministry in New York City. They have led ministries that have sought to live and teach a holistic gospel. They have been able ...
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This chapter examines the narratives of Puerto Rican Pentecostal women in ministry in New York City. They have led ministries that have sought to live and teach a holistic gospel. They have been able to usher in some level of urban social transformation in their communities. Latina Pentecostals' desires to impact society are rooted in their belief that God is concerned with the person as a whole. To them, it is not an option to sit idly and do nothing as people suffer. It was the call of God over their lives that moved them beyond the four walls of the church to depart altogether from traditional church ministry to do what some may have deemed “ungodly” work—addressing drug addiction, the HIV/AIDS crisis, mental health issues, children with disabilities, and teen pregnancy.Less
This chapter examines the narratives of Puerto Rican Pentecostal women in ministry in New York City. They have led ministries that have sought to live and teach a holistic gospel. They have been able to usher in some level of urban social transformation in their communities. Latina Pentecostals' desires to impact society are rooted in their belief that God is concerned with the person as a whole. To them, it is not an option to sit idly and do nothing as people suffer. It was the call of God over their lives that moved them beyond the four walls of the church to depart altogether from traditional church ministry to do what some may have deemed “ungodly” work—addressing drug addiction, the HIV/AIDS crisis, mental health issues, children with disabilities, and teen pregnancy.
Ranita Ray
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780520292055
- eISBN:
- 9780520965614
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292055.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Population and Demography
Stereotypes of economically marginalized black and brown youth focus on drugs, gangs, violence, and teen pregnancy. Common wisdom posits that targeting these “risk behaviors” is key to breaking the ...
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Stereotypes of economically marginalized black and brown youth focus on drugs, gangs, violence, and teen pregnancy. Common wisdom posits that targeting these “risk behaviors” is key to breaking the cycle of poverty. Ranita Ray uncovers the pernicious consequences of centering risk behaviors as key to targeting poverty. Ray spent three years among sixteen black and Latina/o youth from one economically marginalized neighborhood in a northeastern U.S. city, and she shares both harrowing and heartwarming accounts of their transition to adulthood as they try to obtain upward social mobility. The young people Ray came to know were invested in education, worked legal jobs, and denounced risk behaviors. She weaves tales of their family lives with the joys and heartbreaks of romance, intersecting it with their everyday battles with hunger, untreated illness, and the threat of eviction. We witness the young people take long bus rides to college and struggle to access computers and the Internet to complete homework. We see them exhausted from working multiple jobs as they try to balance work with school. The riveting accounts of the daily lives of youth that Ray presents do not fit into flashy headlines of drugs, gangs, and violence. Instead, she compellingly demonstrates how the disproportionate emphasis on risk behaviors reinforces class, race, and gender hierarchies, diverts important resources that could be focused on supporting the basic necessities and educational and occupational goals of marginalized youth, and ignores how educational inequalities function to channel ambitious and hardworking black and brown youth into the low-wage service class.Less
Stereotypes of economically marginalized black and brown youth focus on drugs, gangs, violence, and teen pregnancy. Common wisdom posits that targeting these “risk behaviors” is key to breaking the cycle of poverty. Ranita Ray uncovers the pernicious consequences of centering risk behaviors as key to targeting poverty. Ray spent three years among sixteen black and Latina/o youth from one economically marginalized neighborhood in a northeastern U.S. city, and she shares both harrowing and heartwarming accounts of their transition to adulthood as they try to obtain upward social mobility. The young people Ray came to know were invested in education, worked legal jobs, and denounced risk behaviors. She weaves tales of their family lives with the joys and heartbreaks of romance, intersecting it with their everyday battles with hunger, untreated illness, and the threat of eviction. We witness the young people take long bus rides to college and struggle to access computers and the Internet to complete homework. We see them exhausted from working multiple jobs as they try to balance work with school. The riveting accounts of the daily lives of youth that Ray presents do not fit into flashy headlines of drugs, gangs, and violence. Instead, she compellingly demonstrates how the disproportionate emphasis on risk behaviors reinforces class, race, and gender hierarchies, diverts important resources that could be focused on supporting the basic necessities and educational and occupational goals of marginalized youth, and ignores how educational inequalities function to channel ambitious and hardworking black and brown youth into the low-wage service class.
Nicholas L. Syrett
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781469629537
- eISBN:
- 9781469629551
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629537.003.0012
- Subject:
- History, European Medieval History
While most Americans oppose child marriage internationally, few realize that it is still legal to marry below the age of eighteen in all states in the U.S. There are three reasons to oppose the ...
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While most Americans oppose child marriage internationally, few realize that it is still legal to marry below the age of eighteen in all states in the U.S. There are three reasons to oppose the practice: (1) because of the health risks for those who marry as minors; (2) because it plays into the gendered dominance of an older husband and younger wife that has characterized so much of marriage history; (3) and because allowing for minor marriage buys into the fantasy that marriage itself is really capable of “solving” the problems of teenage sex and pregnancy.Less
While most Americans oppose child marriage internationally, few realize that it is still legal to marry below the age of eighteen in all states in the U.S. There are three reasons to oppose the practice: (1) because of the health risks for those who marry as minors; (2) because it plays into the gendered dominance of an older husband and younger wife that has characterized so much of marriage history; (3) and because allowing for minor marriage buys into the fantasy that marriage itself is really capable of “solving” the problems of teenage sex and pregnancy.
