Alasdair Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195374988
- eISBN:
- 9780199776849
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374988.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
The era of economic liberalization, spanning 1978 to 2008, is often regarded as a period in which government was simply dismantled. In fact, government was reconstructed to meet the needs of a ...
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The era of economic liberalization, spanning 1978 to 2008, is often regarded as a period in which government was simply dismantled. In fact, government was reconstructed to meet the needs of a globalized economy. Central banking, fiscal control, tax collection, regulation, port and airport management, infrastructure development—in all of these areas, radical reforms were made to the architecture of government. A common philosophy shaped all of these reforms: the logic of discipline. It was premised on deep skepticism about the ability of democratic processes to make sensible policy choices. It sought to impose constraints on elected officials and citizens, often by shifting power to technocrat-guardians who were shielded from political influence. It placed great faith in the power of legal changes—new laws, treaties, and contracts—to produce significant alterations in the performance of governmental systems. Even before the global economic crisis of 2007-2009, the logic of discipline was under assault. Faced with many failed reform projects, advocates of discipline realized that they had underestimated the complexity of governmental change. Opponents of discipline emphasized the damage to democratic values that followed from the empowerment of new groups of technocrat-guardians. The financial crisis did further damage to the logic of discipline, as governments modified their attitudes about central bank independence and fiscal control, and global financial and trade flows declined. It was the market that now appeared to behave myopically and erratically, and which now insisted that governments should abandon precepts about the role of government that it had once insisted were inviolable. An account of neoliberal governmental restructuring across the world, The Logic of Discipline offers an analysis of how this undemocratic model is unravelling in the face of a monumental and ongoing failure of the market.Less
The era of economic liberalization, spanning 1978 to 2008, is often regarded as a period in which government was simply dismantled. In fact, government was reconstructed to meet the needs of a globalized economy. Central banking, fiscal control, tax collection, regulation, port and airport management, infrastructure development—in all of these areas, radical reforms were made to the architecture of government. A common philosophy shaped all of these reforms: the logic of discipline. It was premised on deep skepticism about the ability of democratic processes to make sensible policy choices. It sought to impose constraints on elected officials and citizens, often by shifting power to technocrat-guardians who were shielded from political influence. It placed great faith in the power of legal changes—new laws, treaties, and contracts—to produce significant alterations in the performance of governmental systems. Even before the global economic crisis of 2007-2009, the logic of discipline was under assault. Faced with many failed reform projects, advocates of discipline realized that they had underestimated the complexity of governmental change. Opponents of discipline emphasized the damage to democratic values that followed from the empowerment of new groups of technocrat-guardians. The financial crisis did further damage to the logic of discipline, as governments modified their attitudes about central bank independence and fiscal control, and global financial and trade flows declined. It was the market that now appeared to behave myopically and erratically, and which now insisted that governments should abandon precepts about the role of government that it had once insisted were inviolable. An account of neoliberal governmental restructuring across the world, The Logic of Discipline offers an analysis of how this undemocratic model is unravelling in the face of a monumental and ongoing failure of the market.
Alasdair Roberts
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195374988
- eISBN:
- 9780199776849
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374988.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter focuses on the problem of tax collection faced by developing countries in the era of liberalization. The 1980s and 1990s constituted a decade of “radical reform” in tax administration ...
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This chapter focuses on the problem of tax collection faced by developing countries in the era of liberalization. The 1980s and 1990s constituted a decade of “radical reform” in tax administration within the developing world, again built on the logic of discipline. But the naïve-institutionalist approach to reform proved vulnerable to counterattacks by well-entrenched bureaucratic, political, and social forces.Less
This chapter focuses on the problem of tax collection faced by developing countries in the era of liberalization. The 1980s and 1990s constituted a decade of “radical reform” in tax administration within the developing world, again built on the logic of discipline. But the naïve-institutionalist approach to reform proved vulnerable to counterattacks by well-entrenched bureaucratic, political, and social forces.
Paul B. Stephan
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199589104
- eISBN:
- 9780191595455
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589104.003.0019
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Public International Law
This chapter reviews international practice in the administration of tax regimes and the implementation of tax collection. It analyses claims by investors that particular state actions in tax ...
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This chapter reviews international practice in the administration of tax regimes and the implementation of tax collection. It analyses claims by investors that particular state actions in tax administration and enforcement have violated various treaty rights, including the guarantee of fair and equitable treatment, restrictions on expropriation, and the violation of particular commitments covered by treaty umbrellas clauses. It surveys general patterns in state practice to suggest a baseline of acceptable actions against which investor claims can be assessed.Less
This chapter reviews international practice in the administration of tax regimes and the implementation of tax collection. It analyses claims by investors that particular state actions in tax administration and enforcement have violated various treaty rights, including the guarantee of fair and equitable treatment, restrictions on expropriation, and the violation of particular commitments covered by treaty umbrellas clauses. It surveys general patterns in state practice to suggest a baseline of acceptable actions against which investor claims can be assessed.
Hiromitsu Ishi
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199242566
- eISBN:
- 9780191596452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242569.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Attempts an in‐depth analysis on major issues of tax administration and practices in view of tax equity. Stress is made to the importance of using the withholding collection.
Attempts an in‐depth analysis on major issues of tax administration and practices in view of tax equity. Stress is made to the importance of using the withholding collection.
Agnar Sandmo
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199278558
- eISBN:
- 9780191601590
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199278555.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
The taxation of externalities is the subject of this first of seven chapters that examine potential sources of development funding. It considers the possible role of environmental taxes for economic ...
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The taxation of externalities is the subject of this first of seven chapters that examine potential sources of development funding. It considers the possible role of environmental taxes for economic development. The chapter starts with a review of the welfare economics theory of environmental taxation in a single closed economy (analytical details are provided in an appendix A). The different sections then discuss alternatives to taxes as instruments of environmental policy, considering both fixed and transferable quotas; review the double dividend issue; consider the extent to which distributional concerns should be reflected in the design of environmental policy; take up some special problems in the application of environmental externalities to developing economies; extend the analysis from the single country case to the case of global externalities, where each individual country is affected by the environmental pollution of all other countries (the discussion is with specific reference to the carbon tax, and a formal analysis in the context of a two‐country model is given in a second appendix); consider the political economy of global environmental taxes, by comparing alternative tax designs with regard to the equity‐efficiency trade‐off; discuss some practical problems of tax collection; and evaluate the revenue potential of environmental taxes with special reference to the carbon tax.Less
The taxation of externalities is the subject of this first of seven chapters that examine potential sources of development funding. It considers the possible role of environmental taxes for economic development. The chapter starts with a review of the welfare economics theory of environmental taxation in a single closed economy (analytical details are provided in an appendix A). The different sections then discuss alternatives to taxes as instruments of environmental policy, considering both fixed and transferable quotas; review the double dividend issue; consider the extent to which distributional concerns should be reflected in the design of environmental policy; take up some special problems in the application of environmental externalities to developing economies; extend the analysis from the single country case to the case of global externalities, where each individual country is affected by the environmental pollution of all other countries (the discussion is with specific reference to the carbon tax, and a formal analysis in the context of a two‐country model is given in a second appendix); consider the political economy of global environmental taxes, by comparing alternative tax designs with regard to the equity‐efficiency trade‐off; discuss some practical problems of tax collection; and evaluate the revenue potential of environmental taxes with special reference to the carbon tax.
M. Safa Saraçoglu
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474430999
- eISBN:
- 9781474449762
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430999.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter focuses on the Ottoman imperial transformation during the long 19th century (1789-1922) and provides a context for the politics of local administration in Vidin. The conventional ...
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This chapter focuses on the Ottoman imperial transformation during the long 19th century (1789-1922) and provides a context for the politics of local administration in Vidin. The conventional historiography emphasizes the Tanzimat era (1839–76) in setting the chronological boundaries for Ottoman imperial transformation in the 19th century. This chapter argues that the long 19th century, including but not limited to the Tanzimat era, was part of a larger transformation that began with the crisis of the traditional social formation (starting in the seventeenth century) and culminated in a liberal-capitalist social formation. This chapter focuses on the broader changes in Ottoman political economy with an emphasis on control over the means of production as it explores the transformation of property regimes and tax collection methods. After outlining this larger transformation at the imperial and provincial level, the chapter analyses its reflection in the Ottoman official print by examining yearbooks (Salnames) and legal corpora (Düstur).Less
This chapter focuses on the Ottoman imperial transformation during the long 19th century (1789-1922) and provides a context for the politics of local administration in Vidin. The conventional historiography emphasizes the Tanzimat era (1839–76) in setting the chronological boundaries for Ottoman imperial transformation in the 19th century. This chapter argues that the long 19th century, including but not limited to the Tanzimat era, was part of a larger transformation that began with the crisis of the traditional social formation (starting in the seventeenth century) and culminated in a liberal-capitalist social formation. This chapter focuses on the broader changes in Ottoman political economy with an emphasis on control over the means of production as it explores the transformation of property regimes and tax collection methods. After outlining this larger transformation at the imperial and provincial level, the chapter analyses its reflection in the Ottoman official print by examining yearbooks (Salnames) and legal corpora (Düstur).
P. R. Cavill
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199573837
- eISBN:
- 9780191721878
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573837.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
Chapter 6 considers how decisions taken in parliament affected everyday life. It first discusses the publicizing of statute law examining the roles of proclamations and of statute books, and the rise ...
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Chapter 6 considers how decisions taken in parliament affected everyday life. It first discusses the publicizing of statute law examining the roles of proclamations and of statute books, and the rise of printing is addressed. Next it discusses the interaction between national legislation and local regulations, exploring the reception of statute law in local courts through jury presentments and borough ordinances. Then tax collection is discussed as a central means by which parliament impinged upon the lives of ordinary people. The efficiency of tax collection is considered. The popular protests that demands for taxation sometimes provoked are also analysed. Particular attention is paid to the Yorkshire rising of 1489 and to the Western rebellion of 1497.Less
Chapter 6 considers how decisions taken in parliament affected everyday life. It first discusses the publicizing of statute law examining the roles of proclamations and of statute books, and the rise of printing is addressed. Next it discusses the interaction between national legislation and local regulations, exploring the reception of statute law in local courts through jury presentments and borough ordinances. Then tax collection is discussed as a central means by which parliament impinged upon the lives of ordinary people. The efficiency of tax collection is considered. The popular protests that demands for taxation sometimes provoked are also analysed. Particular attention is paid to the Yorkshire rising of 1489 and to the Western rebellion of 1497.
Chŏng Yagyong
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520260917
- eISBN:
- 9780520947702
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520260917.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This section includes the English translation of the chapters in Book III of Mongmin simsŏ on administration for district magistrates. The chapters discuss the following: edification of the people, ...
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This section includes the English translation of the chapters in Book III of Mongmin simsŏ on administration for district magistrates. The chapters discuss the following: edification of the people, observing the law, proper manners toward superiors and subordinates, making official reports, collecting taxes and tribute, and responding to a requisition order for service.Less
This section includes the English translation of the chapters in Book III of Mongmin simsŏ on administration for district magistrates. The chapters discuss the following: edification of the people, observing the law, proper manners toward superiors and subordinates, making official reports, collecting taxes and tribute, and responding to a requisition order for service.
Jenny Jansson
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780198796817
- eISBN:
- 9780191838484
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198796817.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Economy
In the twentieth century, Sweden developed into a high-tax-rate country with extraordinary tax compliance—a unique combination. The Social Democratic Party played a crucial role in this ...
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In the twentieth century, Sweden developed into a high-tax-rate country with extraordinary tax compliance—a unique combination. The Social Democratic Party played a crucial role in this transformation and this chapter explores how the Social Democrats created and maintained the social contract in the postwar period. It is suggested that a precondition for tax compliance is the perception of being treated fairly by the state and fairness can take two forms: fairness in the tax collection procedure, and fairness in the redistribution of collected taxes. This chapter shows how the Social Democrats nurtured the perception of fairness both through the creation of a comprehensive welfare state and through gradually improving and simplifying the tax collection procedure.Less
In the twentieth century, Sweden developed into a high-tax-rate country with extraordinary tax compliance—a unique combination. The Social Democratic Party played a crucial role in this transformation and this chapter explores how the Social Democrats created and maintained the social contract in the postwar period. It is suggested that a precondition for tax compliance is the perception of being treated fairly by the state and fairness can take two forms: fairness in the tax collection procedure, and fairness in the redistribution of collected taxes. This chapter shows how the Social Democrats nurtured the perception of fairness both through the creation of a comprehensive welfare state and through gradually improving and simplifying the tax collection procedure.
Kaushik Basu
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198296713
- eISBN:
- 9780191595943
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198296711.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This introductory chapter opens with an anecdote from the author about a road tax collection incident in Grand Trunk Road in eastern India, to illustrate the need for a better understanding of the ...
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This introductory chapter opens with an anecdote from the author about a road tax collection incident in Grand Trunk Road in eastern India, to illustrate the need for a better understanding of the state, law, social norms, and the role of policy advise. It then discusses the emergence of the “positive political economy”. It presents the rationale behind this volume followed by an overview of the chapters in the book.Less
This introductory chapter opens with an anecdote from the author about a road tax collection incident in Grand Trunk Road in eastern India, to illustrate the need for a better understanding of the state, law, social norms, and the role of policy advise. It then discusses the emergence of the “positive political economy”. It presents the rationale behind this volume followed by an overview of the chapters in the book.
Michael J. Graetz
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300122749
- eISBN:
- 9780300150193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300122749.003.0011
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic Systems
This chapter argues that in the U.S. federalist system, in which many traditional government functions are carried out not by the government in Washington but by states and localities, any durable ...
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This chapter argues that in the U.S. federalist system, in which many traditional government functions are carried out not by the government in Washington but by states and localities, any durable reform of the federal system should take into account its effects on the tax collections and budgets of states. It presents the Competitive Tax Plan for the U.S. federal system. The chapter admits that the plan has certain drawbacks for the states, in that it will pressure them to eliminate their income taxes for families making less than $100,000; however, it also has a number of possible benefits for states, especially if they were to adopt similar consumption taxes themselves. The chapter also discusses the consequences of fundamental reforms for the states.Less
This chapter argues that in the U.S. federalist system, in which many traditional government functions are carried out not by the government in Washington but by states and localities, any durable reform of the federal system should take into account its effects on the tax collections and budgets of states. It presents the Competitive Tax Plan for the U.S. federal system. The chapter admits that the plan has certain drawbacks for the states, in that it will pressure them to eliminate their income taxes for families making less than $100,000; however, it also has a number of possible benefits for states, especially if they were to adopt similar consumption taxes themselves. The chapter also discusses the consequences of fundamental reforms for the states.
Petra M. Sijpesteijn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199673902
- eISBN:
- 9780191758133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673902.003.0029
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents a letter written by Jarīd b. Asʽad to ʽAbd Allāh b. Asʽad concerning the collection of jizya. Jarīd writes that the jizya should only be paid over the harvest and that ʽAbd ...
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This chapter presents a letter written by Jarīd b. Asʽad to ʽAbd Allāh b. Asʽad concerning the collection of jizya. Jarīd writes that the jizya should only be paid over the harvest and that ʽAbd Allāh should only start the tax collection once the harvest has taken place.Less
This chapter presents a letter written by Jarīd b. Asʽad to ʽAbd Allāh b. Asʽad concerning the collection of jizya. Jarīd writes that the jizya should only be paid over the harvest and that ʽAbd Allāh should only start the tax collection once the harvest has taken place.
Anders Åslund and Simeon Djankov
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190499204
- eISBN:
- 9780190499235
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190499204.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
Europe’s large public expenditures require high taxes for their financing. High taxes on labor have increased income inequality in European countries in the past quarter-century, since labor is much ...
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Europe’s large public expenditures require high taxes for their financing. High taxes on labor have increased income inequality in European countries in the past quarter-century, since labor is much more heavily taxed than capital income. To encourage entrepreneurship and growth, taxes should be few in number, low, and relatively flat. The example of Estonia, Bulgaria, and Slovakia can be followed as has been the case in a number of other European countries. Labor is subject to excessive taxation through income taxes and high payroll taxes, which hamper innovation and discourage official work, preventing job-seekers from finding their first employment. Personal income tax and payroll tax need to be trimmed. Marginal income taxes are too high causing high tax wedges on labor, and these should be reduced. The value-added taxes have been harmonized and appear the least distortionary and most collectible taxes.Less
Europe’s large public expenditures require high taxes for their financing. High taxes on labor have increased income inequality in European countries in the past quarter-century, since labor is much more heavily taxed than capital income. To encourage entrepreneurship and growth, taxes should be few in number, low, and relatively flat. The example of Estonia, Bulgaria, and Slovakia can be followed as has been the case in a number of other European countries. Labor is subject to excessive taxation through income taxes and high payroll taxes, which hamper innovation and discourage official work, preventing job-seekers from finding their first employment. Personal income tax and payroll tax need to be trimmed. Marginal income taxes are too high causing high tax wedges on labor, and these should be reduced. The value-added taxes have been harmonized and appear the least distortionary and most collectible taxes.
Reuven S. Avi-Yonah and Gianluca Mazzoni
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190882228
- eISBN:
- 9780190882266
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190882228.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter assesses the appropriate balance between strengthening tax revenue collection tools to ensure states have adequate resources to meet their human rights obligations, and protecting ...
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This chapter assesses the appropriate balance between strengthening tax revenue collection tools to ensure states have adequate resources to meet their human rights obligations, and protecting taxpayer rights to privacy and data security. On the one hand, the ability of rich residents of developing countries and multinational corporations operating in those countries to evade or avoid taxation is directly linked to violations of human rights in those countries, especially from the perspective of social and economic rights like health and education. Providing such countries with the means to fight back and collect adequate revenues is essential in advancing such rights. On the other hand, some of the techniques used to achieve adequate revenue collection, like automatic exchange of information (AEoI) and country-by-country reporting (CbCR), risk violating other human rights like privacy and the legitimate protection of trade secrets.Less
This chapter assesses the appropriate balance between strengthening tax revenue collection tools to ensure states have adequate resources to meet their human rights obligations, and protecting taxpayer rights to privacy and data security. On the one hand, the ability of rich residents of developing countries and multinational corporations operating in those countries to evade or avoid taxation is directly linked to violations of human rights in those countries, especially from the perspective of social and economic rights like health and education. Providing such countries with the means to fight back and collect adequate revenues is essential in advancing such rights. On the other hand, some of the techniques used to achieve adequate revenue collection, like automatic exchange of information (AEoI) and country-by-country reporting (CbCR), risk violating other human rights like privacy and the legitimate protection of trade secrets.
Petra M. Sijpesteijn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199673902
- eISBN:
- 9780191758133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673902.003.0022
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents a letter where Na Nājid b. Muslim informs ʽAbd All Nāh b. Asʽad that he sent him a symmachos (Ar. simm Nāk) by the name of Peter to collect what the people of his district owe ...
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This chapter presents a letter where Na Nājid b. Muslim informs ʽAbd All Nāh b. Asʽad that he sent him a symmachos (Ar. simm Nāk) by the name of Peter to collect what the people of his district owe in oil taxes and money taxes or which are paid partially in coin. N Nājid further instructs ʽAbd All Nāh to send some of his own symmachoi and his k Nātib to help Peter with the collection and transportation of the oil.Less
This chapter presents a letter where Na Nājid b. Muslim informs ʽAbd All Nāh b. Asʽad that he sent him a symmachos (Ar. simm Nāk) by the name of Peter to collect what the people of his district owe in oil taxes and money taxes or which are paid partially in coin. N Nājid further instructs ʽAbd All Nāh to send some of his own symmachoi and his k Nātib to help Peter with the collection and transportation of the oil.
Ben Jones
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748635184
- eISBN:
- 9780748652990
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748635184.003.0003
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, African Studies
This chapter discusses the history of the Teso region and shows that the marginal nature of things in the present was a departure from the past. Teso's significance as a cotton-producing region in ...
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This chapter discusses the history of the Teso region and shows that the marginal nature of things in the present was a departure from the past. Teso's significance as a cotton-producing region in the first half of the twentieth century linked it into international markets, while tax collection and local government administration brought the state down to the village. The chapter also discusses the Teso Insurgency – the most important event of recent years – a time when the social and economic fabric of Teso society broke down.Less
This chapter discusses the history of the Teso region and shows that the marginal nature of things in the present was a departure from the past. Teso's significance as a cotton-producing region in the first half of the twentieth century linked it into international markets, while tax collection and local government administration brought the state down to the village. The chapter also discusses the Teso Insurgency – the most important event of recent years – a time when the social and economic fabric of Teso society broke down.
M. Sajjad Hassan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195692976
- eISBN:
- 9780199081547
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195692976.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Indian Politics
This chapter looks at how agencies of the state in Manipur perform in terms of their basic functions. In Manipur, the state's failure to dominate the rule system and provide secure property rights ...
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This chapter looks at how agencies of the state in Manipur perform in terms of their basic functions. In Manipur, the state's failure to dominate the rule system and provide secure property rights has undermined its centrality in the lives of its citizens. Community-specific ‘tribal’ organizations have obtained de facto authority in society, undermining state leaders' social control. Quality of revenue governance, including poor performance of tax collection machinery and a poor tax structure, are some of the reasons contributing to poor revenue extraction in Manipur. Rising unemployment sets up the issue of conflicts over opportunities, resources, and power that fuelled the breakdown in Manipur. A variety of factors have led to the reduced ability of state agencies to monopolize security in Manipur and provide protection to its citizens. Paralysis of state agencies, their weaknesses, and poor authority have undermined the state's role in resolving intercommunity conflicts.Less
This chapter looks at how agencies of the state in Manipur perform in terms of their basic functions. In Manipur, the state's failure to dominate the rule system and provide secure property rights has undermined its centrality in the lives of its citizens. Community-specific ‘tribal’ organizations have obtained de facto authority in society, undermining state leaders' social control. Quality of revenue governance, including poor performance of tax collection machinery and a poor tax structure, are some of the reasons contributing to poor revenue extraction in Manipur. Rising unemployment sets up the issue of conflicts over opportunities, resources, and power that fuelled the breakdown in Manipur. A variety of factors have led to the reduced ability of state agencies to monopolize security in Manipur and provide protection to its citizens. Paralysis of state agencies, their weaknesses, and poor authority have undermined the state's role in resolving intercommunity conflicts.
Petra M. Sijpesteijn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199673902
- eISBN:
- 9780191758133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673902.003.0021
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents a letter that deals with the collection of oil and wheat taxes. Nājid writes to ʽAbd Allāh that an unnamed symmachos came to him and he was the person to whom he had wanted to ...
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This chapter presents a letter that deals with the collection of oil and wheat taxes. Nājid writes to ʽAbd Allāh that an unnamed symmachos came to him and he was the person to whom he had wanted to assign the tax collection (of oil and wheat) from a specified group of people.Less
This chapter presents a letter that deals with the collection of oil and wheat taxes. Nājid writes to ʽAbd Allāh that an unnamed symmachos came to him and he was the person to whom he had wanted to assign the tax collection (of oil and wheat) from a specified group of people.
Petra M. Sijpesteijn
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199673902
- eISBN:
- 9780191758133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199673902.003.0042
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter presents a letter from Nājid b. Muslim to fulān b. ʽUlayṭ, seemingly a lower official at the same level as ʽAbd Allāh, that the deliverer of his letter is assigned to collect the ...
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This chapter presents a letter from Nājid b. Muslim to fulān b. ʽUlayṭ, seemingly a lower official at the same level as ʽAbd Allāh, that the deliverer of his letter is assigned to collect the land-tax and other tax over the produce of the land cultivated in his district. Nājid asks the official to hand over the taxes to the letter bearer.Less
This chapter presents a letter from Nājid b. Muslim to fulān b. ʽUlayṭ, seemingly a lower official at the same level as ʽAbd Allāh, that the deliverer of his letter is assigned to collect the land-tax and other tax over the produce of the land cultivated in his district. Nājid asks the official to hand over the taxes to the letter bearer.
Stacy E. Holden
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813033730
- eISBN:
- 9780813039398
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813033730.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The socioeconomic connotations conveyed by the term “famine” changed dramatically in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The epicenter of starvation shifted from the city (its location ...
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The socioeconomic connotations conveyed by the term “famine” changed dramatically in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The epicenter of starvation shifted from the city (its location in previous centuries) to the countryside, and rural migrants flocked to Fez when famine loomed. Such food crises, however, revealed a growing gap between the rich and the poor. The sultan ensured equitable distribution of wheat through tax collection, and his royal officials oversaw the price and quality of foodstuffs in the marketplace. Further, the sultan counted on the elite to sustain informal networks of patronage supplying food to the poor. Religious affiliation often defined the membership of these groupings, but food provisioning was their primary mission. This chapter demonstrates that the Alaouites forestalled unrest by providing the urban poor with wheat, even if it meant redistributing the wealth of influential Moroccans.Less
The socioeconomic connotations conveyed by the term “famine” changed dramatically in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The epicenter of starvation shifted from the city (its location in previous centuries) to the countryside, and rural migrants flocked to Fez when famine loomed. Such food crises, however, revealed a growing gap between the rich and the poor. The sultan ensured equitable distribution of wheat through tax collection, and his royal officials oversaw the price and quality of foodstuffs in the marketplace. Further, the sultan counted on the elite to sustain informal networks of patronage supplying food to the poor. Religious affiliation often defined the membership of these groupings, but food provisioning was their primary mission. This chapter demonstrates that the Alaouites forestalled unrest by providing the urban poor with wheat, even if it meant redistributing the wealth of influential Moroccans.