Jeffrey G. Williamson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262015158
- eISBN:
- 9780262295727
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262015158.003.0204
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Economic History
This chapter first establishes that tariffs were much higher in the autonomous periphery than in the European industrial core, and that the tariffs there rose steeply across the late nineteenth ...
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This chapter first establishes that tariffs were much higher in the autonomous periphery than in the European industrial core, and that the tariffs there rose steeply across the late nineteenth century. Furthermore, the rise in tariff rates even took place in Asia, where European colonies were so common. It then asks why tariffs were so high (and rising) in the periphery. Was this anti-trade policy backlash motivated by industrialization targets, by compensation of the losers from trade, by government revenue needs, or by other goals?Less
This chapter first establishes that tariffs were much higher in the autonomous periphery than in the European industrial core, and that the tariffs there rose steeply across the late nineteenth century. Furthermore, the rise in tariff rates even took place in Asia, where European colonies were so common. It then asks why tariffs were so high (and rising) in the periphery. Was this anti-trade policy backlash motivated by industrialization targets, by compensation of the losers from trade, by government revenue needs, or by other goals?
Aradhna Aggarwal
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195689273
- eISBN:
- 9780199081486
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195689273.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, International
This chapter reports the theoretical discussion and the empirical evidence on various justifications of anti-dumping use from three perspectives: the political, the economic, and the political ...
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This chapter reports the theoretical discussion and the empirical evidence on various justifications of anti-dumping use from three perspectives: the political, the economic, and the political economy. It then empirically investigates the macroeconomic factors that motivate the use of anti-dumping. It shows that anti-dumping rules are primarily aimed at providing protection. There are stringent prerequisites of predatory dumping which are never fulfilled. The economic justification of anti-dumping is not to prevent predatory dumping alone as has been highlighted by many experts. Trade pressures, tariff rate reductions, and creating retaliatory capabilities appear to motivate the use of anti-dumping in developing countries while domestic macroeconomic pressures influence anti-dumping initiations in developed countries. There is need to reform the agreement to close the gap between what anti-dumping is supposed/claimed to do and what in reality it is used for. This would prevent the misuse of the tool for protection purposes.Less
This chapter reports the theoretical discussion and the empirical evidence on various justifications of anti-dumping use from three perspectives: the political, the economic, and the political economy. It then empirically investigates the macroeconomic factors that motivate the use of anti-dumping. It shows that anti-dumping rules are primarily aimed at providing protection. There are stringent prerequisites of predatory dumping which are never fulfilled. The economic justification of anti-dumping is not to prevent predatory dumping alone as has been highlighted by many experts. Trade pressures, tariff rate reductions, and creating retaliatory capabilities appear to motivate the use of anti-dumping in developing countries while domestic macroeconomic pressures influence anti-dumping initiations in developed countries. There is need to reform the agreement to close the gap between what anti-dumping is supposed/claimed to do and what in reality it is used for. This would prevent the misuse of the tool for protection purposes.
Andrew L. Slap
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823227099
- eISBN:
- 9780823234998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fso/9780823227099.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Political History
Despite losing control of their movement and enduring an invective-filled campaign, most liberal republicans remained in surprisingly good spirits after Grant's re-election in ...
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Despite losing control of their movement and enduring an invective-filled campaign, most liberal republicans remained in surprisingly good spirits after Grant's re-election in 1872. Political pressure had forced Grant to adopt some of the liberal republican positions during the 1872 campaign, such as continuing the funding of the Civil Service Commission, lowering some tariff rates, and passing the Amnesty Bill of 1872. Out of the ashes of defeat in 1872, the liberal republicans had achieved their objective of influencing the Republican Party in order to reform the nation and preserve its republican institutions.Less
Despite losing control of their movement and enduring an invective-filled campaign, most liberal republicans remained in surprisingly good spirits after Grant's re-election in 1872. Political pressure had forced Grant to adopt some of the liberal republican positions during the 1872 campaign, such as continuing the funding of the Civil Service Commission, lowering some tariff rates, and passing the Amnesty Bill of 1872. Out of the ashes of defeat in 1872, the liberal republicans had achieved their objective of influencing the Republican Party in order to reform the nation and preserve its republican institutions.
