Dawn R. Gilpin and Priscilla J. Murphy
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195328721
- eISBN:
- 9780199869930
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328721.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter examines the evolution and crisis communication and its dominant perspectives. It begins by providing a definition of what constitutes a crisis. It then discusses the tactical, ...
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This chapter examines the evolution and crisis communication and its dominant perspectives. It begins by providing a definition of what constitutes a crisis. It then discusses the tactical, strategic, and adaptive approaches to crisis management.Less
This chapter examines the evolution and crisis communication and its dominant perspectives. It begins by providing a definition of what constitutes a crisis. It then discusses the tactical, strategic, and adaptive approaches to crisis management.
David Schlosberg
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199256419
- eISBN:
- 9780191600203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199256411.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
The central claim of this work is that the diverse and fast-growing environmental justice movement in the United States embodies the newly emerging concepts and practices of critical pluralism, so ...
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The central claim of this work is that the diverse and fast-growing environmental justice movement in the United States embodies the newly emerging concepts and practices of critical pluralism, so this chapter turns to the environmental movement for examples of this in practice. Specifically, it looks at the new network structures and processes that have been adopted by grassroots environmental movements, which make connections, and create solidarity out of an understanding and respect for both differences and similarities, and work from a variety of places with a wide array of tactics. The chapter begins by exploring the value of difference (plurality) in the movement, and continues by examining the bases of the environmental justice movement in a number of pre-existing social and political networks, looking at how these networks link issues and establish alliances among diverse groups, how they form in order to deal with environmental issues of varying dimensions, and how they are structured organizationally. The author also examines some of the reasons why this form of organizing is a tactical strength, as it confronts (mirrors and maps) itself onto changing practices in capital movement and political oversight. Finally, in an initial attempt to evaluate the network form, some of the difficulties in, and criticisms of, networking as a social-movement strategy are explored.Less
The central claim of this work is that the diverse and fast-growing environmental justice movement in the United States embodies the newly emerging concepts and practices of critical pluralism, so this chapter turns to the environmental movement for examples of this in practice. Specifically, it looks at the new network structures and processes that have been adopted by grassroots environmental movements, which make connections, and create solidarity out of an understanding and respect for both differences and similarities, and work from a variety of places with a wide array of tactics. The chapter begins by exploring the value of difference (plurality) in the movement, and continues by examining the bases of the environmental justice movement in a number of pre-existing social and political networks, looking at how these networks link issues and establish alliances among diverse groups, how they form in order to deal with environmental issues of varying dimensions, and how they are structured organizationally. The author also examines some of the reasons why this form of organizing is a tactical strength, as it confronts (mirrors and maps) itself onto changing practices in capital movement and political oversight. Finally, in an initial attempt to evaluate the network form, some of the difficulties in, and criticisms of, networking as a social-movement strategy are explored.
Harold D. Clarke, David Sanders, Marianne C. Stewart, and Paul Whiteley
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199244881
- eISBN:
- 9780191601521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924488X.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Investigates the sources of party support in 2001. The analyses specify a series of multivariate models that capture the effects of the key variables from each of the sociological and individual ...
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Investigates the sources of party support in 2001. The analyses specify a series of multivariate models that capture the effects of the key variables from each of the sociological and individual rationality frameworks. Party identification, leader images, issue proximities, and party performance evaluations on the economy and other important policy areas combine to exercise sizeable effects on vote choice. Tactical voting is also evident, benefiting the Liberal Democrats at the expense of Labour and the Conservatives. In contrast to many earlier studies of British electoral politics, we make strong claims about the effects of evaluations of party leader images on electoral choice. Exogeneity tests buttress these claims.Less
Investigates the sources of party support in 2001. The analyses specify a series of multivariate models that capture the effects of the key variables from each of the sociological and individual rationality frameworks. Party identification, leader images, issue proximities, and party performance evaluations on the economy and other important policy areas combine to exercise sizeable effects on vote choice. Tactical voting is also evident, benefiting the Liberal Democrats at the expense of Labour and the Conservatives. In contrast to many earlier studies of British electoral politics, we make strong claims about the effects of evaluations of party leader images on electoral choice. Exogeneity tests buttress these claims.
Harold D. Clarke, David Sanders, Marianne C. Stewart, and Paul Whiteley
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199244881
- eISBN:
- 9780191601521
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019924488X.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Considers the impact of the 2001 election campaign. Contrary to what is commonly assumed about the function of election campaigns, data from the 2001 BES rolling campaign panel survey show that the ...
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Considers the impact of the 2001 election campaign. Contrary to what is commonly assumed about the function of election campaigns, data from the 2001 BES rolling campaign panel survey show that the 2001 campaign did little to mobilize political interest or partisanship. However, the local campaigns, conducted by party activists, contributed significantly to turnout and party choice. Analyses also indicate that tactical voting typically did not occur spontaneously but, rather, was driven by Liberal Democrat grassroots campaigning. More generally, campaigning by all of the major parties affected the vote shares that they received.Less
Considers the impact of the 2001 election campaign. Contrary to what is commonly assumed about the function of election campaigns, data from the 2001 BES rolling campaign panel survey show that the 2001 campaign did little to mobilize political interest or partisanship. However, the local campaigns, conducted by party activists, contributed significantly to turnout and party choice. Analyses also indicate that tactical voting typically did not occur spontaneously but, rather, was driven by Liberal Democrat grassroots campaigning. More generally, campaigning by all of the major parties affected the vote shares that they received.
Michael J. North and Charles M. Macal
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195172119
- eISBN:
- 9780199789894
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172119.003.0002
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter discusses foundational issues in modeling, such as the differences between deterministic and stochastic models as well as the strategic, tactical, and operational model guidance ...
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This chapter discusses foundational issues in modeling, such as the differences between deterministic and stochastic models as well as the strategic, tactical, and operational model guidance horizons. It also explains how agent-based modeling and simulation fits into this context.Less
This chapter discusses foundational issues in modeling, such as the differences between deterministic and stochastic models as well as the strategic, tactical, and operational model guidance horizons. It also explains how agent-based modeling and simulation fits into this context.
Michael Quinlan
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199563944
- eISBN:
- 9780191721274
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563944.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter reviews how NATO, amid the tensions and complexities inevitable in a diverse alliance, sought to tackle the task, within its strategic concept of flexible response, of constructing an ...
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This chapter reviews how NATO, amid the tensions and complexities inevitable in a diverse alliance, sought to tackle the task, within its strategic concept of flexible response, of constructing an agreed and credible deterrence framework incorporating nuclear weapons. It records the establishment of the Nuclear Planning Group, and explains how the use of this instrument managed to tease out acceptable approaches to the problems about nuclear weapons posed in the European setting in face of the Warsaw Pact. It recalls the evolution of NATO's nuclear armoury away from an inventory of excessive size with numerous categories of ‘tactical’ weapons of doubtful utility. It notes the value placed on having other members of the Alliance sharing with the United States some of the costs and responsibilities of the nuclear role. It recognizes, nevertheless, that some of the theory and provision during the Cold War may have become needlessly elaborate.Less
This chapter reviews how NATO, amid the tensions and complexities inevitable in a diverse alliance, sought to tackle the task, within its strategic concept of flexible response, of constructing an agreed and credible deterrence framework incorporating nuclear weapons. It records the establishment of the Nuclear Planning Group, and explains how the use of this instrument managed to tease out acceptable approaches to the problems about nuclear weapons posed in the European setting in face of the Warsaw Pact. It recalls the evolution of NATO's nuclear armoury away from an inventory of excessive size with numerous categories of ‘tactical’ weapons of doubtful utility. It notes the value placed on having other members of the Alliance sharing with the United States some of the costs and responsibilities of the nuclear role. It recognizes, nevertheless, that some of the theory and provision during the Cold War may have become needlessly elaborate.
John Landers
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199279579
- eISBN:
- 9780191719448
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199279579.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Social History, Economic History
Military technology incorporated the elements of hardware, procedure, and personnel in the same way as the technology of civilian production, and before the coming of gunpowder it was equally reliant ...
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Military technology incorporated the elements of hardware, procedure, and personnel in the same way as the technology of civilian production, and before the coming of gunpowder it was equally reliant on muscle power as an energy source. The fundamental problem of pre-gunpowder field and siege combat was the same as it was in the sphere of production: how to make the most effective use of muscle power. There were three possible solutions to the problem: the use of hardware to store and transmit energy, specialisation allied to the division of labour, and the exploitation of animal power. The rise and fall of tactical systems depended ultimately on their success or failure in winning battles. Siege or manoeuvre, rather than open-field battle, often decided the outcome of campaigns.Less
Military technology incorporated the elements of hardware, procedure, and personnel in the same way as the technology of civilian production, and before the coming of gunpowder it was equally reliant on muscle power as an energy source. The fundamental problem of pre-gunpowder field and siege combat was the same as it was in the sphere of production: how to make the most effective use of muscle power. There were three possible solutions to the problem: the use of hardware to store and transmit energy, specialisation allied to the division of labour, and the exploitation of animal power. The rise and fall of tactical systems depended ultimately on their success or failure in winning battles. Siege or manoeuvre, rather than open-field battle, often decided the outcome of campaigns.
David French
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199548231
- eISBN:
- 9780191739224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548231.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Military History
This chapter analyses the evolution of the army's doctrine for nuclear war fighting, from the moment when it first began to consider the possible impact of nuclear weapons on an army in the field in ...
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This chapter analyses the evolution of the army's doctrine for nuclear war fighting, from the moment when it first began to consider the possible impact of nuclear weapons on an army in the field in the late 1940s, to the point at which it had evolved a mature doctrine for such operations, in the late 1960s. It is a topic that has largely been ignored by historians of nuclear strategy, who have focused their attention on the adoption of the far more destructive strategic nuclear weapons. Such references as they have made to the introduction of tactical nuclear weapons have examined their impact on NATO's overall strategy, but little has been written about how the army considered they might be used, or the impact that their introduction had on how the army was configured and prepared for war.Less
This chapter analyses the evolution of the army's doctrine for nuclear war fighting, from the moment when it first began to consider the possible impact of nuclear weapons on an army in the field in the late 1940s, to the point at which it had evolved a mature doctrine for such operations, in the late 1960s. It is a topic that has largely been ignored by historians of nuclear strategy, who have focused their attention on the adoption of the far more destructive strategic nuclear weapons. Such references as they have made to the introduction of tactical nuclear weapons have examined their impact on NATO's overall strategy, but little has been written about how the army considered they might be used, or the impact that their introduction had on how the army was configured and prepared for war.
Ira A. Hunt
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813126470
- eISBN:
- 9780813135656
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813126470.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Military History
In South Vietnam the 9th Infantry Division of the U.S. Army was specifically designated to operate from a base deep within the Communist-controlled Delta with the mission to improve the security of ...
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In South Vietnam the 9th Infantry Division of the U.S. Army was specifically designated to operate from a base deep within the Communist-controlled Delta with the mission to improve the security of the area so that the Government of South Vietnam's (GVN) pacification program could be successful. This book covers the two and a half years of the 9th Division's operations in South Vietnam, focusing primarily on the period from May 1968 until July 1969, when, its mission successfully completed, the division rotated back to the States. This is the story of how the 9th Infantry Division—with astute management and by employing all-source intelligence coupled with aggressive, innovative night and day tactical operations—was able to peak in combat effectiveness in 1969. The division's tactic of unrelenting pressure provides a blueprint for defeating enemy forces fighting a guerrilla war in a rural environment.Less
In South Vietnam the 9th Infantry Division of the U.S. Army was specifically designated to operate from a base deep within the Communist-controlled Delta with the mission to improve the security of the area so that the Government of South Vietnam's (GVN) pacification program could be successful. This book covers the two and a half years of the 9th Division's operations in South Vietnam, focusing primarily on the period from May 1968 until July 1969, when, its mission successfully completed, the division rotated back to the States. This is the story of how the 9th Infantry Division—with astute management and by employing all-source intelligence coupled with aggressive, innovative night and day tactical operations—was able to peak in combat effectiveness in 1969. The division's tactic of unrelenting pressure provides a blueprint for defeating enemy forces fighting a guerrilla war in a rural environment.
Grahame R. Dowling
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199269617
- eISBN:
- 9780191699429
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199269617.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Marketing
This chapter examines market segmentation, one the basic ideas on which much of modern marketing is built. For most organizations, market segmentation is a primary way to search for and exploit ...
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This chapter examines market segmentation, one the basic ideas on which much of modern marketing is built. For most organizations, market segmentation is a primary way to search for and exploit market opportunities. Part A of this chapter describes three broad types of segmentation — corporate, product-market, and tactical. Part B examines product-market segmentation and strategic market selection. One of the key issues here is the issue of how many segments should organizations compete in. Part C examines tactical segmentation and targeting. The emphasis is to ‘get close to customers’ by developing an understanding of their needs, wants, and how they go about buying products and services.Less
This chapter examines market segmentation, one the basic ideas on which much of modern marketing is built. For most organizations, market segmentation is a primary way to search for and exploit market opportunities. Part A of this chapter describes three broad types of segmentation — corporate, product-market, and tactical. Part B examines product-market segmentation and strategic market selection. One of the key issues here is the issue of how many segments should organizations compete in. Part C examines tactical segmentation and targeting. The emphasis is to ‘get close to customers’ by developing an understanding of their needs, wants, and how they go about buying products and services.
Brenda Fitzpatrick
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447326694
- eISBN:
- 9781447326724
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447326694.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This book defines the use of rape and sexual violence as deliberate tactics used by state and non-state actors in both intra- and inter-state conflicts. It argues tactical rape is a serious human ...
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This book defines the use of rape and sexual violence as deliberate tactics used by state and non-state actors in both intra- and inter-state conflicts. It argues tactical rape is a serious human rights issue, a security threat to women, men, states and the international community. It analyses and tracks progress from tacit acceptance of rape and sexual violence in conflict as inevitable to normative rejection of them as recognised violations of international law. It acknowledges persistent practice of these tactics, ongoing involvement of state actors and serious criticisms of gendered legal and judicial contexts but argues a degree of significant positive change at international criminal tribunals and the United Nations Security Council. It considers the constructed vulnerability of women pre-conflict which increases their vulnerability during and post-conflict and their rights to participate in determining appropriate support, in reconciliation and in peace making. It introduces the main historical facts, theoretical terms and legal developments behind international policies and practices. It identifies negative implications of failing to bring perpetrators to account and proposes responses to ongoing challenges. Powerful testimonies of victims are included, bringing the issue alive and ensuring the human faces of victims and survivors are not lost in theoretical analysis.Less
This book defines the use of rape and sexual violence as deliberate tactics used by state and non-state actors in both intra- and inter-state conflicts. It argues tactical rape is a serious human rights issue, a security threat to women, men, states and the international community. It analyses and tracks progress from tacit acceptance of rape and sexual violence in conflict as inevitable to normative rejection of them as recognised violations of international law. It acknowledges persistent practice of these tactics, ongoing involvement of state actors and serious criticisms of gendered legal and judicial contexts but argues a degree of significant positive change at international criminal tribunals and the United Nations Security Council. It considers the constructed vulnerability of women pre-conflict which increases their vulnerability during and post-conflict and their rights to participate in determining appropriate support, in reconciliation and in peace making. It introduces the main historical facts, theoretical terms and legal developments behind international policies and practices. It identifies negative implications of failing to bring perpetrators to account and proposes responses to ongoing challenges. Powerful testimonies of victims are included, bringing the issue alive and ensuring the human faces of victims and survivors are not lost in theoretical analysis.
Lawrence R. Laboda
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109979
- eISBN:
- 9780199853892
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109979.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 19th Century
In this chapter, the preparations and orders for the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac had been completed. The move that Richmond Johnston made to avoid the tactical advantage of the Union Army ...
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In this chapter, the preparations and orders for the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac had been completed. The move that Richmond Johnston made to avoid the tactical advantage of the Union Army is cited. Furthermore, the hindrances to the travel of the army to Rappahannock are pointed out. Standing in the Union Army's way were heavy fortifications, as well as an incomplete line of field works. The travel of the army to York town and the events preceding the travel are detailed.Less
In this chapter, the preparations and orders for the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac had been completed. The move that Richmond Johnston made to avoid the tactical advantage of the Union Army is cited. Furthermore, the hindrances to the travel of the army to Rappahannock are pointed out. Standing in the Union Army's way were heavy fortifications, as well as an incomplete line of field works. The travel of the army to York town and the events preceding the travel are detailed.
Tricia Colleen Bruce
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195385847
- eISBN:
- 9780199873371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195385847.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter extends the discussion of how Catholicism operated as a cultural code and cultural toolkit influencing VOTF’s decision making. Here the focus is on tactics and the how a shared culture ...
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This chapter extends the discussion of how Catholicism operated as a cultural code and cultural toolkit influencing VOTF’s decision making. Here the focus is on tactics and the how a shared culture can lead to a bounded tactical repertoire for an IISM. The chapter discusses how the meaning of “protest” shifts to fit the institutional space within which a movement operates.Less
This chapter extends the discussion of how Catholicism operated as a cultural code and cultural toolkit influencing VOTF’s decision making. Here the focus is on tactics and the how a shared culture can lead to a bounded tactical repertoire for an IISM. The chapter discusses how the meaning of “protest” shifts to fit the institutional space within which a movement operates.
Jerome J. McGann
- Published in print:
- 1988
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198117506
- eISBN:
- 9780191670961
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117506.003.0002
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter illustrates the tactical procedures which typify an historical approach, as well as the way historical information tends to open up new dimensions for a more comprehensive and precise ...
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This chapter illustrates the tactical procedures which typify an historical approach, as well as the way historical information tends to open up new dimensions for a more comprehensive and precise critical analysis. It also shows, through a series of illustrative examples, how and why poetic analysis requires a historical method if it is to achieve either precision or comprehensiveness. This demonstration takes for its subject the idea of ‘context’ and tries to explain the special relevance of this for poetry, as well as the necessity of an historical method for elucidating the specifically pertinent contexts which penetrate every poem.Less
This chapter illustrates the tactical procedures which typify an historical approach, as well as the way historical information tends to open up new dimensions for a more comprehensive and precise critical analysis. It also shows, through a series of illustrative examples, how and why poetic analysis requires a historical method if it is to achieve either precision or comprehensiveness. This demonstration takes for its subject the idea of ‘context’ and tries to explain the special relevance of this for poetry, as well as the necessity of an historical method for elucidating the specifically pertinent contexts which penetrate every poem.
Chris L. de Wet
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520286214
- eISBN:
- 9780520961555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520286214.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter examines the place of slavery within John Chrysostom's program of domestic pastoralization. It begins with an overview of the nature and dynamics of domestic pastoralization, especially ...
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This chapter examines the place of slavery within John Chrysostom's program of domestic pastoralization. It begins with an overview of the nature and dynamics of domestic pastoralization, especially as it relates to slaves in the household. It then considers Chrysostom's distinction between strategic slaveholding (owning a large number of slaves) and tactical slaveholding (owning only a few slaves). It also discusses Chrysostom's belief that slaveholders should take responsibility for the pastoral care of their slaves, and that urban slaveholders take better care of their slaves than their rural counterparts. Finally, it explores the implications of pastoralization and Chrysostom's brand of doulology for Roman aristocracy and their relationship to the crisis of masculinity in the fourth century.Less
This chapter examines the place of slavery within John Chrysostom's program of domestic pastoralization. It begins with an overview of the nature and dynamics of domestic pastoralization, especially as it relates to slaves in the household. It then considers Chrysostom's distinction between strategic slaveholding (owning a large number of slaves) and tactical slaveholding (owning only a few slaves). It also discusses Chrysostom's belief that slaveholders should take responsibility for the pastoral care of their slaves, and that urban slaveholders take better care of their slaves than their rural counterparts. Finally, it explores the implications of pastoralization and Chrysostom's brand of doulology for Roman aristocracy and their relationship to the crisis of masculinity in the fourth century.
Yossi Sheffi
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029797
- eISBN:
- 9780262330626
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029797.003.0007
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Globalization implies that suppliers play a growing role in the companies’ risks, disruptions, and response options. Chapter 7 delves into companies’ proactive approaches toward supplier risk ...
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Globalization implies that suppliers play a growing role in the companies’ risks, disruptions, and response options. Chapter 7 delves into companies’ proactive approaches toward supplier risk management, using a segmentation of the procurement conditions. It is based, on the one hand, on the complexity and risk associated with the input purchased from the supplier and, on the other hand, on the company’s annual expenditure with that supplier. The chapter also discusses the growing problem of counterfeit materials that arise as supply chains grow longer and more opaque.Less
Globalization implies that suppliers play a growing role in the companies’ risks, disruptions, and response options. Chapter 7 delves into companies’ proactive approaches toward supplier risk management, using a segmentation of the procurement conditions. It is based, on the one hand, on the complexity and risk associated with the input purchased from the supplier and, on the other hand, on the company’s annual expenditure with that supplier. The chapter also discusses the growing problem of counterfeit materials that arise as supply chains grow longer and more opaque.
George F. Hofmann
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813124032
- eISBN:
- 9780813134819
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813124032.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Military History
This chapter examines the struggle of the U.S. Army cavalry to find new mounts and a tactical doctrine. It discusses criticisms of the mechanized cavalry, including its vulnerability to antitank ...
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This chapter examines the struggle of the U.S. Army cavalry to find new mounts and a tactical doctrine. It discusses criticisms of the mechanized cavalry, including its vulnerability to antitank weapons and its inability to function as soon as the fuel is exhausted, unlike horses. The chapter also explains the underlying principles of the tentative Tactical Employment of the Mechanized Division and The Tactical Employment of Cavalry, which highlighted principles and methods applicable to both horse and mechanized cavalry.Less
This chapter examines the struggle of the U.S. Army cavalry to find new mounts and a tactical doctrine. It discusses criticisms of the mechanized cavalry, including its vulnerability to antitank weapons and its inability to function as soon as the fuel is exhausted, unlike horses. The chapter also explains the underlying principles of the tentative Tactical Employment of the Mechanized Division and The Tactical Employment of Cavalry, which highlighted principles and methods applicable to both horse and mechanized cavalry.
Martin D. Gallivan, Christopher J. Shephard, and Jessica A. Jenkins
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781683400462
- eISBN:
- 9781683400684
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9781683400462.003.0010
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter proposes a Powhatan theory of power and suggests links to the archaeology and ethnohistory of towns in the lower Chesapeake. Early colonial-era sources highlight a recurring process ...
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This chapter proposes a Powhatan theory of power and suggests links to the archaeology and ethnohistory of towns in the lower Chesapeake. Early colonial-era sources highlight a recurring process whereby powerful outside forces, materials, and people were socialized within the Powhatan settlements known as Kings’ Houses. We suggest that a key Algonquian concept for understanding this process is manitou—the vital spiritual force manifest in dangerously potent people, animals, objects, and places. Within the Kings’ Houses of the colonial-era, Powhatan leaders harnessed manitou by orchestrating ritual, trade, and the built environment. Archaeological evidence of feasting, ditches, and palisades points toward similar practices associated with the construction of boundaries—ditches and palisades—within prominent settlements, starting in the thirteenth century AD. By transforming the objects and people that transgressed these boundaries, religious practitioners and political leaders exercised a “tactical power” grounded in Kings’ Houses and animated by manitou.Less
This chapter proposes a Powhatan theory of power and suggests links to the archaeology and ethnohistory of towns in the lower Chesapeake. Early colonial-era sources highlight a recurring process whereby powerful outside forces, materials, and people were socialized within the Powhatan settlements known as Kings’ Houses. We suggest that a key Algonquian concept for understanding this process is manitou—the vital spiritual force manifest in dangerously potent people, animals, objects, and places. Within the Kings’ Houses of the colonial-era, Powhatan leaders harnessed manitou by orchestrating ritual, trade, and the built environment. Archaeological evidence of feasting, ditches, and palisades points toward similar practices associated with the construction of boundaries—ditches and palisades—within prominent settlements, starting in the thirteenth century AD. By transforming the objects and people that transgressed these boundaries, religious practitioners and political leaders exercised a “tactical power” grounded in Kings’ Houses and animated by manitou.
Gordon C.C. Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190691332
- eISBN:
- 9780190691349
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190691332.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
When cash-strapped local governments don’t provide adequate services, and planning policies prioritize economic development over community needs, what is a concerned citizen to do? In the ...
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When cash-strapped local governments don’t provide adequate services, and planning policies prioritize economic development over community needs, what is a concerned citizen to do? In the help-yourself city, you do it yourself. The Help-Yourself City presents the results of nearly five years of in-depth research on people who take urban planning into their own hands with unauthorized yet functional and civic-minded “do-it-yourself urban design” projects. Examples include homemade traffic signs and public benches, guerrilla gardens and bike lanes, even citizen development “proposals,” all created in public space without permission but in forms analogous to official streetscape design elements. With research across 17 cities and more than 100 interviews with do-it-yourselfers, professional planners, and community members, the book explores who is creating these unauthorized improvements, where, and why. In doing so, it demonstrates the way uneven development processes are experienced and responded to in everyday life. Yet the democratic potential of this increasingly celebrated trend is brought into question by the privileged characteristics of typical do-it-yourself urban designers, the aesthetics and cultural values of the projects they create, and the relationship between DIY efforts and mainstream planning and economic development. Despite its many positive impacts, DIY urban design is a worryingly undemocratic practice, revealing the stubborn persistence of inequality in participatory citizenship and the design of public space. The book thus presents a needed critical analysis of an important trend, connecting it to research on informality, legitimacy, privilege, and urban political economy.Less
When cash-strapped local governments don’t provide adequate services, and planning policies prioritize economic development over community needs, what is a concerned citizen to do? In the help-yourself city, you do it yourself. The Help-Yourself City presents the results of nearly five years of in-depth research on people who take urban planning into their own hands with unauthorized yet functional and civic-minded “do-it-yourself urban design” projects. Examples include homemade traffic signs and public benches, guerrilla gardens and bike lanes, even citizen development “proposals,” all created in public space without permission but in forms analogous to official streetscape design elements. With research across 17 cities and more than 100 interviews with do-it-yourselfers, professional planners, and community members, the book explores who is creating these unauthorized improvements, where, and why. In doing so, it demonstrates the way uneven development processes are experienced and responded to in everyday life. Yet the democratic potential of this increasingly celebrated trend is brought into question by the privileged characteristics of typical do-it-yourself urban designers, the aesthetics and cultural values of the projects they create, and the relationship between DIY efforts and mainstream planning and economic development. Despite its many positive impacts, DIY urban design is a worryingly undemocratic practice, revealing the stubborn persistence of inequality in participatory citizenship and the design of public space. The book thus presents a needed critical analysis of an important trend, connecting it to research on informality, legitimacy, privilege, and urban political economy.
Michael E. Lynch
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780813177984
- eISBN:
- 9780813177991
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813177984.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Military History
Almond began his transition to the Army’s senior leadership with attendance at the US Army War College, where his classmates included future five-star flag officers Omar Bradley and William Halsey. ...
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Almond began his transition to the Army’s senior leadership with attendance at the US Army War College, where his classmates included future five-star flag officers Omar Bradley and William Halsey. Moving directly to the War Department General Staff (WDGS) after graduation, Almond reported to Military Intelligence Division’s Latin America desk where monitored the activities of the military Attachés assigned to Central and South America. He sought more educational opportunities by attending the Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) a precursor to the present-day Air War College, and the Naval War College, where his performance earned him a teaching spot. Few other future general officers attended two senior service colleges, and none attended all three. He turned down that job and went to VI Corps where he spent the last year before the next war conducting the large scale maneuver exercises that would prepare him for his next assignment.Less
Almond began his transition to the Army’s senior leadership with attendance at the US Army War College, where his classmates included future five-star flag officers Omar Bradley and William Halsey. Moving directly to the War Department General Staff (WDGS) after graduation, Almond reported to Military Intelligence Division’s Latin America desk where monitored the activities of the military Attachés assigned to Central and South America. He sought more educational opportunities by attending the Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) a precursor to the present-day Air War College, and the Naval War College, where his performance earned him a teaching spot. Few other future general officers attended two senior service colleges, and none attended all three. He turned down that job and went to VI Corps where he spent the last year before the next war conducting the large scale maneuver exercises that would prepare him for his next assignment.
