Julianne H. Newton and Rick Williams
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195370805
- eISBN:
- 9780199776610
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195370805.003.0022
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter addresses ethical issues of journalism practice that arise through these processes of visual knowing. It describes an integrative approach to ethics in order to help practitioners and ...
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This chapter addresses ethical issues of journalism practice that arise through these processes of visual knowing. It describes an integrative approach to ethics in order to help practitioners and readers develop sound professional and personal guidelines for interpreting and using journalistic images. It argues that the kind of rational, reflective systematic moral analysis (SMA) recommended in this book's opening chapter needs to be supplemented with a method that also focuses on humans' pre-reflective, non-conscious, intuitive cognition and memory. The ultimate goal is to show how an individual's understanding, or “personal truth,” of his or her self story can either hinder or contribute to a more balanced approach to journalism and to a more balanced, sustainable culture.Less
This chapter addresses ethical issues of journalism practice that arise through these processes of visual knowing. It describes an integrative approach to ethics in order to help practitioners and readers develop sound professional and personal guidelines for interpreting and using journalistic images. It argues that the kind of rational, reflective systematic moral analysis (SMA) recommended in this book's opening chapter needs to be supplemented with a method that also focuses on humans' pre-reflective, non-conscious, intuitive cognition and memory. The ultimate goal is to show how an individual's understanding, or “personal truth,” of his or her self story can either hinder or contribute to a more balanced approach to journalism and to a more balanced, sustainable culture.
Dale W. Jorgenson, Richard J. Goettle, Mun S. Ho, and Peter J. Wilcoxen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- September 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780262027090
- eISBN:
- 9780262318563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027090.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
This chapter describes a method for constructing confidence intervals for general equilibrium model results using the covariance matrices routinely computed in the course of estimating the model's ...
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This chapter describes a method for constructing confidence intervals for general equilibrium model results using the covariance matrices routinely computed in the course of estimating the model's parameters. The method is then applied to IGEM to produce confidence intervals for several types of results: (i) the levels of variables in IGEM's base case, (ii) deviations in variables resulting from a policy experiment consisting of a carbon tax used to reduce the rate of tax on capital income, and (iii) the effects of the carbon tax swap on the components of social welfare. For each case, a decomposition analysis is used to identify the key uncertainties underlying the confidence interval. The carbon tax swap is shown to produce statistically significant gains in key variables, including social welfare, along with significant reductions in pollution. The method is also shown to have important advantages over alternative approaches. The confidence intervals it produces are very similar to those generated by Monte Carlo simulation but are much faster to compute for large models. In addition, the decomposition analysis shows that off-diagonal terms in the parameter covariance matrices often contribute significantly to the confidence intervals for key results. By capturing these effects, the method provides better characterization of uncertainty than alternative methodologies that rely on independent perturbations of parameters.Less
This chapter describes a method for constructing confidence intervals for general equilibrium model results using the covariance matrices routinely computed in the course of estimating the model's parameters. The method is then applied to IGEM to produce confidence intervals for several types of results: (i) the levels of variables in IGEM's base case, (ii) deviations in variables resulting from a policy experiment consisting of a carbon tax used to reduce the rate of tax on capital income, and (iii) the effects of the carbon tax swap on the components of social welfare. For each case, a decomposition analysis is used to identify the key uncertainties underlying the confidence interval. The carbon tax swap is shown to produce statistically significant gains in key variables, including social welfare, along with significant reductions in pollution. The method is also shown to have important advantages over alternative approaches. The confidence intervals it produces are very similar to those generated by Monte Carlo simulation but are much faster to compute for large models. In addition, the decomposition analysis shows that off-diagonal terms in the parameter covariance matrices often contribute significantly to the confidence intervals for key results. By capturing these effects, the method provides better characterization of uncertainty than alternative methodologies that rely on independent perturbations of parameters.
Guillermo D’Elia, Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas, and Philip Myers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520098534
- eISBN:
- 9780520916098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520098534.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter considers the position of the genus Bibimys relative other sigmodontine rodents. It analyzes mitochondrial DNA sequences and provides evidence against the inclusion of Bibimys within the ...
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This chapter considers the position of the genus Bibimys relative other sigmodontine rodents. It analyzes mitochondrial DNA sequences and provides evidence against the inclusion of Bibimys within the Scapteromini. The chapter also questions the validity of the three species currently assigned to Bibimys and stresses the need for continued taxonomic, systematic, and phylogenetic analysis of Neotropical sigmodontine rodents.Less
This chapter considers the position of the genus Bibimys relative other sigmodontine rodents. It analyzes mitochondrial DNA sequences and provides evidence against the inclusion of Bibimys within the Scapteromini. The chapter also questions the validity of the three species currently assigned to Bibimys and stresses the need for continued taxonomic, systematic, and phylogenetic analysis of Neotropical sigmodontine rodents.
Paul De Grauwe (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262013963
- eISBN:
- 9780262289320
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013963.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Competitiveness among nations is often approached as if it were a sports competition: Some countries win medals, others lose out. This view of countries fighting it out in the economic arena is ...
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Competitiveness among nations is often approached as if it were a sports competition: Some countries win medals, others lose out. This view of countries fighting it out in the economic arena is especially popular in business circles and among politicians. Economists, however, take a very different approach to international economic relations, arguing that international trade leads not to winners and losers but to win–win situations in which all countries profit. This book takes on the sometimes-derided concept of competitiveness, demonstrating the value of systematic analysis in an area too often dominated by special interest groups who use (and abuse) the concept to advance hidden agendas. The chapters range from broad theoretical views to case studies, examining the multiple factors that drive competitiveness. Contributors consider the conceptual framework underlying the World Economic Forum’s approach to competitiveness; differences in per capita gross domestice product between the United States and the European Union; an integrated approach to measuring competitiveness and comparative advantage; divergent trends in price and cost competitiveness in the euro area; methodological issues in constructing competitiveness indicators; taxation and international competitiveness; and a case study of Mexico’s competitiveness in world markets in comparison to China’s.Less
Competitiveness among nations is often approached as if it were a sports competition: Some countries win medals, others lose out. This view of countries fighting it out in the economic arena is especially popular in business circles and among politicians. Economists, however, take a very different approach to international economic relations, arguing that international trade leads not to winners and losers but to win–win situations in which all countries profit. This book takes on the sometimes-derided concept of competitiveness, demonstrating the value of systematic analysis in an area too often dominated by special interest groups who use (and abuse) the concept to advance hidden agendas. The chapters range from broad theoretical views to case studies, examining the multiple factors that drive competitiveness. Contributors consider the conceptual framework underlying the World Economic Forum’s approach to competitiveness; differences in per capita gross domestice product between the United States and the European Union; an integrated approach to measuring competitiveness and comparative advantage; divergent trends in price and cost competitiveness in the euro area; methodological issues in constructing competitiveness indicators; taxation and international competitiveness; and a case study of Mexico’s competitiveness in world markets in comparison to China’s.
Seden Akcinaroglu and Elizabeth Radziszewski
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197520802
- eISBN:
- 9780197520833
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197520802.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics, Political Economy
Existing research on the impact of external interventions into civil wars focuses mostly on states and international organizations. With the expansion of private military and security companies’ ...
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Existing research on the impact of external interventions into civil wars focuses mostly on states and international organizations. With the expansion of private military and security companies’ (PMSCs) presence in civil wars, there is a need to better understand the impact of such non-state actors on conflict dynamics. This chapter highlights the importance of understanding conditions under which PMSCs are more militarily effective in conflict zones, describes the existing focus in the study of PMSCs, and introduces a new theoretical focus that links variation in market competition to military effectiveness. It addresses previous data in the study of PMSCs and focuses on the benefits of new data, with specific focus on international PMSCs’ presence in major and minor civil wars.Less
Existing research on the impact of external interventions into civil wars focuses mostly on states and international organizations. With the expansion of private military and security companies’ (PMSCs) presence in civil wars, there is a need to better understand the impact of such non-state actors on conflict dynamics. This chapter highlights the importance of understanding conditions under which PMSCs are more militarily effective in conflict zones, describes the existing focus in the study of PMSCs, and introduces a new theoretical focus that links variation in market competition to military effectiveness. It addresses previous data in the study of PMSCs and focuses on the benefits of new data, with specific focus on international PMSCs’ presence in major and minor civil wars.
James Chalmers and Fiona Leverick
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198726357
- eISBN:
- 9780191793677
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726357.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Philosophy of Law
Despite the significant amount of attention devoted to criminalization in recent years, we have little idea of the quantity of criminal law which exists or the characteristics of the criminal law as ...
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Despite the significant amount of attention devoted to criminalization in recent years, we have little idea of the quantity of criminal law which exists or the characteristics of the criminal law as a body of rules. Attempts have occasionally been made to quantify the scale of the criminal law in the United Kingdom, but with incomplete and inconclusive results. This chapter explores what might—and might not—be learned from a quantitative analysis of the criminal law, and presents the results of systematic analysis we have undertaken covering two 12-month time periods (2010–11 and 1997–8). This chapter explains the methodological challenges involved in this exercise and present the results of our research along with an analysis of what conclusions can be drawn from this data and the questions which it raises.Less
Despite the significant amount of attention devoted to criminalization in recent years, we have little idea of the quantity of criminal law which exists or the characteristics of the criminal law as a body of rules. Attempts have occasionally been made to quantify the scale of the criminal law in the United Kingdom, but with incomplete and inconclusive results. This chapter explores what might—and might not—be learned from a quantitative analysis of the criminal law, and presents the results of systematic analysis we have undertaken covering two 12-month time periods (2010–11 and 1997–8). This chapter explains the methodological challenges involved in this exercise and present the results of our research along with an analysis of what conclusions can be drawn from this data and the questions which it raises.
