Paul Kiparsky
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199226511
- eISBN:
- 9780191710193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226511.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
Compared to more familiar varieties of Swedish, the dialects spoken in Finland have rather diverse syllable structures. The distribution of distinctive syllable weight is determined by grammatical ...
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Compared to more familiar varieties of Swedish, the dialects spoken in Finland have rather diverse syllable structures. The distribution of distinctive syllable weight is determined by grammatical factors, and by varying effects of final consonant weightlessness. In turn it constrains several gemination processes which create derived superheavy syllables, in an unexpected way which provides evidence for an anti-neutralization constraint. Stratal OT, which integrates OT with Lexical Phonology, sheds light on these complex quantity systems.Less
Compared to more familiar varieties of Swedish, the dialects spoken in Finland have rather diverse syllable structures. The distribution of distinctive syllable weight is determined by grammatical factors, and by varying effects of final consonant weightlessness. In turn it constrains several gemination processes which create derived superheavy syllables, in an unexpected way which provides evidence for an anti-neutralization constraint. Stratal OT, which integrates OT with Lexical Phonology, sheds light on these complex quantity systems.
Kristján Árnason
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199229314
- eISBN:
- 9780191728464
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229314.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Language Families
The book presents a detailed comparative description of the phonological structure of Icelandic and Faroese and discusses problems in their analysis from a fairly broad theoretical perspective. The ...
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The book presents a detailed comparative description of the phonological structure of Icelandic and Faroese and discusses problems in their analysis from a fairly broad theoretical perspective. The first part (Chapters 1–3) describes the historical relation between the languages and introduces some issues regarding their phonological analysis. Part II (Chapters 4–7) gives an overview of the segmental inventory of the two sound systems. Part III (Chapters 8–10) presents analyses of the syllable structure of the two languages and systemic relations between subsystems defined for different phonotactic positions. It also treats the rules for the distribution of long and short vowel nuclei. Part IV (Chapters 11–12) describes vocalic and consonantal morphophonemics, discussing the status, in inflectional paradigms and word formation, of umlaut and ablaut alternations and patterns such as those responsible for the distribution of preaspiration. Part V gives an overview of rhythmic relations in words and phrases in the two languages, ending with descriptions of intonational patterns in the two languages.Less
The book presents a detailed comparative description of the phonological structure of Icelandic and Faroese and discusses problems in their analysis from a fairly broad theoretical perspective. The first part (Chapters 1–3) describes the historical relation between the languages and introduces some issues regarding their phonological analysis. Part II (Chapters 4–7) gives an overview of the segmental inventory of the two sound systems. Part III (Chapters 8–10) presents analyses of the syllable structure of the two languages and systemic relations between subsystems defined for different phonotactic positions. It also treats the rules for the distribution of long and short vowel nuclei. Part IV (Chapters 11–12) describes vocalic and consonantal morphophonemics, discussing the status, in inflectional paradigms and word formation, of umlaut and ablaut alternations and patterns such as those responsible for the distribution of preaspiration. Part V gives an overview of rhythmic relations in words and phrases in the two languages, ending with descriptions of intonational patterns in the two languages.
Kristján Árnason
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199229314
- eISBN:
- 9780191728464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229314.003.0009
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Language Families
The chapter focuses on syllable structure and phonotactics, starting with Icelandic and discussing the motivation for assuming the syllable and subsyllabic constituents as structural entities. Among ...
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The chapter focuses on syllable structure and phonotactics, starting with Icelandic and discussing the motivation for assuming the syllable and subsyllabic constituents as structural entities. Among phenomena relevant in these considerations are the Icelandic length rule and the so‐called half length and overlength, both relevant to the way stress is realized. Faroese syllable structure is then discussed from the same point of view, and a template for the length rule in Faroese as it functions in full syllables is presented. Half length and overlength are also shown to occur in Faroese. There is a special discussion of the status of full syllables and restricted syllables in the phonological hierarchy. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to consonantal phonotactics, giving an overview of the permissible onsets and codas in each language. There is a special section on the analysis of gemination of glides and consonants.Less
The chapter focuses on syllable structure and phonotactics, starting with Icelandic and discussing the motivation for assuming the syllable and subsyllabic constituents as structural entities. Among phenomena relevant in these considerations are the Icelandic length rule and the so‐called half length and overlength, both relevant to the way stress is realized. Faroese syllable structure is then discussed from the same point of view, and a template for the length rule in Faroese as it functions in full syllables is presented. Half length and overlength are also shown to occur in Faroese. There is a special discussion of the status of full syllables and restricted syllables in the phonological hierarchy. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to consonantal phonotactics, giving an overview of the permissible onsets and codas in each language. There is a special section on the analysis of gemination of glides and consonants.
Rodney Sampson
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199541157
- eISBN:
- 9780191716096
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541157.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
Basic structural properties underlying the different categories of vowel prosthesis are enumerated and compared, revealing important characteristics shared by all categories. Of central importance is ...
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Basic structural properties underlying the different categories of vowel prosthesis are enumerated and compared, revealing important characteristics shared by all categories. Of central importance is syllabic structure, and areas of further research into the syllable and its evolving architecture are identified. Finally, the significance of sociolinguistic forces as well as structural factors in shaping developments is reiterated.Less
Basic structural properties underlying the different categories of vowel prosthesis are enumerated and compared, revealing important characteristics shared by all categories. Of central importance is syllabic structure, and areas of further research into the syllable and its evolving architecture are identified. Finally, the significance of sociolinguistic forces as well as structural factors in shaping developments is reiterated.
Charles E. Cairns
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- August 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780262182706
- eISBN:
- 9780262255325
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262182706.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
Bert Vaux and Andrew Wolfe proposed a theory that syllabification is not exhaustive and that many consonants are left unsyllabified. They argued that unsyllabified consonants are appendices, or ...
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Bert Vaux and Andrew Wolfe proposed a theory that syllabification is not exhaustive and that many consonants are left unsyllabified. They argued that unsyllabified consonants are appendices, or segments dominated directly by prosodic nodes higher than the syllable. This chapter argues for a theory of representation different from that of Vaux and Wolfe, one that still countenances unsyllabified consonants but arguably not dominated by any prosodic constituents. It first discusses the notion of prosodic licensing before presenting four alternative models of phonological representation. It then considers the implications of Eric Raimy’s (2000) theory for indicating precedence relationships and the role of the prosodic hierarchy, along with Cairns and Feinstein’s (1982) theory of syllable structure and the Sonority Sequencing Principle.Less
Bert Vaux and Andrew Wolfe proposed a theory that syllabification is not exhaustive and that many consonants are left unsyllabified. They argued that unsyllabified consonants are appendices, or segments dominated directly by prosodic nodes higher than the syllable. This chapter argues for a theory of representation different from that of Vaux and Wolfe, one that still countenances unsyllabified consonants but arguably not dominated by any prosodic constituents. It first discusses the notion of prosodic licensing before presenting four alternative models of phonological representation. It then considers the implications of Eric Raimy’s (2000) theory for indicating precedence relationships and the role of the prosodic hierarchy, along with Cairns and Feinstein’s (1982) theory of syllable structure and the Sonority Sequencing Principle.
P. J. Barber
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199680504
- eISBN:
- 9780191760525
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680504.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 2 discusses the Germanic and Vedic evidence for Sievers’ Law in considerable detail. This chapter is situated in Part One (Evidence for Sievers’ Law and the Possibility of Inheritance) the ...
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Chapter 2 discusses the Germanic and Vedic evidence for Sievers’ Law in considerable detail. This chapter is situated in Part One (Evidence for Sievers’ Law and the Possibility of Inheritance) the overall aim of which is evaluate the possibility that Sievers’ Law could have been inherited from Indo-European, even in principle. This chapter discusses pressing questions of relative chronology in Germanic. The possibility of a converse of Sievers’ Law in Gothic and Vedic is considered. Seebold’s Anschlußregel and Schindler’s restrictions on Sievers’ Law are discussed, in particular the moraic properties of obstruents (including laryngeals). The implications of Sievers’ Law for Indo-European syllable structure are considered. Edgerton and Lindeman’s arguments for word initial alternations and the importance of monosyllabicity as a criterion for alternation are set in the context of the formulaic language of the Rigveda and the potential skew which this could have produced in the evidence.Less
Chapter 2 discusses the Germanic and Vedic evidence for Sievers’ Law in considerable detail. This chapter is situated in Part One (Evidence for Sievers’ Law and the Possibility of Inheritance) the overall aim of which is evaluate the possibility that Sievers’ Law could have been inherited from Indo-European, even in principle. This chapter discusses pressing questions of relative chronology in Germanic. The possibility of a converse of Sievers’ Law in Gothic and Vedic is considered. Seebold’s Anschlußregel and Schindler’s restrictions on Sievers’ Law are discussed, in particular the moraic properties of obstruents (including laryngeals). The implications of Sievers’ Law for Indo-European syllable structure are considered. Edgerton and Lindeman’s arguments for word initial alternations and the importance of monosyllabicity as a criterion for alternation are set in the context of the formulaic language of the Rigveda and the potential skew which this could have produced in the evidence.
Ken Lodge
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748625659
- eISBN:
- 9780748671410
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748625659.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
An alternative to the standard views of phonology is presented, to take into account the critical issues raised in the preceding chapters. Declarative phonology is polysystemic, non-segmental and ...
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An alternative to the standard views of phonology is presented, to take into account the critical issues raised in the preceding chapters. Declarative phonology is polysystemic, non-segmental and abstract; it specifically excludes derivation and deletion as valid phonological mechanisms. Phonological structures are underspecified attribute-value matrices which attach to syllable structure at any level (syllable, onset, rhyme, nucleus, coda, or even higher, e.g. foot). Attribute-value matrices can be represented as underspecified tree diagrams. Phonetic implementation is exemplified and examples from Irish, Malay, German and Scots Gaelic are worked through.Less
An alternative to the standard views of phonology is presented, to take into account the critical issues raised in the preceding chapters. Declarative phonology is polysystemic, non-segmental and abstract; it specifically excludes derivation and deletion as valid phonological mechanisms. Phonological structures are underspecified attribute-value matrices which attach to syllable structure at any level (syllable, onset, rhyme, nucleus, coda, or even higher, e.g. foot). Attribute-value matrices can be represented as underspecified tree diagrams. Phonetic implementation is exemplified and examples from Irish, Malay, German and Scots Gaelic are worked through.
Kristján Árnason
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199229314
- eISBN:
- 9780191728464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229314.003.0011
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Language Families
This chapter starts by discussing aspiration in relation to the character of the fortis vs. lenis opposition, asking how the opposition can be represented and whether or how it is neutralized in ...
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This chapter starts by discussing aspiration in relation to the character of the fortis vs. lenis opposition, asking how the opposition can be represented and whether or how it is neutralized in certain environments. A phonological analysis is proposed relating preaspiration to other phenomena occurring in the same environments. It is shown that in some respects Icelandic preaspiration looks like being a separate segment, whereas the phonotactic distribution is restricted in that it only occurs before plosives. Preaspiration in Faroese shows similarities, but also differences from Icelandic. There is less reason to analyse Faroese preaspiration as a segment, rather it should be seen as a subsegmental property of the fortis plosives. The chapter ends with a discussion of the way preaspiration shows up in morphophonemics in both languages.Less
This chapter starts by discussing aspiration in relation to the character of the fortis vs. lenis opposition, asking how the opposition can be represented and whether or how it is neutralized in certain environments. A phonological analysis is proposed relating preaspiration to other phenomena occurring in the same environments. It is shown that in some respects Icelandic preaspiration looks like being a separate segment, whereas the phonotactic distribution is restricted in that it only occurs before plosives. Preaspiration in Faroese shows similarities, but also differences from Icelandic. There is less reason to analyse Faroese preaspiration as a segment, rather it should be seen as a subsegmental property of the fortis plosives. The chapter ends with a discussion of the way preaspiration shows up in morphophonemics in both languages.
Kristján Árnason
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199229314
- eISBN:
- 9780191728464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229314.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Language Families
Chapter 1 describes the demography of the two languages and their historical relation, tracing them back to ‘Proto‐West‐Nordic’, the phonological characterization of which is based on evidence from ...
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Chapter 1 describes the demography of the two languages and their historical relation, tracing them back to ‘Proto‐West‐Nordic’, the phonological characterization of which is based on evidence from Old Icelandic texts and partly on reconstruction. The West Nordic obstruents are often assumed to have had an opposition based on voicing, different from the modern languages. The West Nordic vowel system was rich in having nine vowel qualities, which in principle could take part in a length correlation and a relation of nasality. Old West Nordic had a number of diphthongs, as combinations of full vowel colours and semi‐vowels. The prosodic structure was of the type characterized as ‘moraic trochee’.Less
Chapter 1 describes the demography of the two languages and their historical relation, tracing them back to ‘Proto‐West‐Nordic’, the phonological characterization of which is based on evidence from Old Icelandic texts and partly on reconstruction. The West Nordic obstruents are often assumed to have had an opposition based on voicing, different from the modern languages. The West Nordic vowel system was rich in having nine vowel qualities, which in principle could take part in a length correlation and a relation of nasality. Old West Nordic had a number of diphthongs, as combinations of full vowel colours and semi‐vowels. The prosodic structure was of the type characterized as ‘moraic trochee’.
Giovanna Marotta
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199677108
- eISBN:
- 9780191808821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.003.0026
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families, Historical Linguistics
This chapter surveys some of the principal aspects of Romance prosodic structure. It covers the role of syllable structure in conditioning the distribution, quantity, and quality of stressed and ...
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This chapter surveys some of the principal aspects of Romance prosodic structure. It covers the role of syllable structure in conditioning the distribution, quantity, and quality of stressed and unstressed vowels and the development of consonantal segments; phonotactic constraints; the role of the sonority hierarchy in segmental change; stress); length; and aspects of intonational patterns. Specific topics dealt with include: vowel quantity and syllable structure; consonant quantity; phonological processes and syllable structure (onset; s+C clusters; nucleus: vowels, diphthongs; coda); stress; rhythm; intonation (statements, narrow focus, yes-no question; wh-questions, imperatives).Less
This chapter surveys some of the principal aspects of Romance prosodic structure. It covers the role of syllable structure in conditioning the distribution, quantity, and quality of stressed and unstressed vowels and the development of consonantal segments; phonotactic constraints; the role of the sonority hierarchy in segmental change; stress); length; and aspects of intonational patterns. Specific topics dealt with include: vowel quantity and syllable structure; consonant quantity; phonological processes and syllable structure (onset; s+C clusters; nucleus: vowels, diphthongs; coda); stress; rhythm; intonation (statements, narrow focus, yes-no question; wh-questions, imperatives).
Hiroto Uchihara
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198739449
- eISBN:
- 9780191802393
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739449.003.0003
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families, Phonetics / Phonology
This chapter lays out the possible consonant clusters and syllable structure, as well as various phonological processes in Oklahoma Cherokee. §3.1 discusses consonant clusters, and shows that ...
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This chapter lays out the possible consonant clusters and syllable structure, as well as various phonological processes in Oklahoma Cherokee. §3.1 discusses consonant clusters, and shows that Oklahoma Cherokee can have up to four consonants in a consonant cluster, subject to certain restrictions. §3.2 lays out the syllable structure of Oklahoma Cherokee. The syllable structure can be quite complex, and the onset especially can have a complex cluster. §3.3 will then discuss various segmental processes which remedy illicit clusters. Since vowel length in Oklahoma Cherokee is contrastive, both the mora and the syllable are relevant phonological units; §3.4 demonstrates that the levels of both mora and syllable are relevant in Cherokee, and some phonological phenomena refer to the mora, while others refer to the syllable. The syllable appears to be a more prominent phonological unit than the mora.Less
This chapter lays out the possible consonant clusters and syllable structure, as well as various phonological processes in Oklahoma Cherokee. §3.1 discusses consonant clusters, and shows that Oklahoma Cherokee can have up to four consonants in a consonant cluster, subject to certain restrictions. §3.2 lays out the syllable structure of Oklahoma Cherokee. The syllable structure can be quite complex, and the onset especially can have a complex cluster. §3.3 will then discuss various segmental processes which remedy illicit clusters. Since vowel length in Oklahoma Cherokee is contrastive, both the mora and the syllable are relevant phonological units; §3.4 demonstrates that the levels of both mora and syllable are relevant in Cherokee, and some phonological phenomena refer to the mora, while others refer to the syllable. The syllable appears to be a more prominent phonological unit than the mora.
Martin Maiden
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780199677108
- eISBN:
- 9780191808821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199677108.003.0038
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Language Families, Historical Linguistics
This chapter critically addresses some of the most important issues in Romance spontaneous and conditioned diphthongization. It covers ‘closing’ diphthongizations of vowels (notably /e/ and /o/) as a ...
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This chapter critically addresses some of the most important issues in Romance spontaneous and conditioned diphthongization. It covers ‘closing’ diphthongizations of vowels (notably /e/ and /o/) as a function of stress and syllable structure; the origins and development of new diphthongs arising through vocalization of syllable-final consonants, or through metathesis; the differential maintenance of the Latin diphthong AU and, in particular detail, the controversy surrounding the origins and nature of the ‘opening’ diphthongization of the Romance vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, which are argued to lie in metaphony.Less
This chapter critically addresses some of the most important issues in Romance spontaneous and conditioned diphthongization. It covers ‘closing’ diphthongizations of vowels (notably /e/ and /o/) as a function of stress and syllable structure; the origins and development of new diphthongs arising through vocalization of syllable-final consonants, or through metathesis; the differential maintenance of the Latin diphthong AU and, in particular detail, the controversy surrounding the origins and nature of the ‘opening’ diphthongization of the Romance vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, which are argued to lie in metaphony.
Iris Berent
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780190061920
- eISBN:
- 9780190061951
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190061920.003.0005
- Subject:
- Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology
Language is a quintessential human capacity. In this chapter, we ask whether the human capacity for language relies on innate knowledge. As a case study, we examine the rules of phonology. This, ...
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Language is a quintessential human capacity. In this chapter, we ask whether the human capacity for language relies on innate knowledge. As a case study, we examine the rules of phonology. This, seems like a curious choice. Most people believe they know how phonology works, and in their naïve theory, phonology requires no knowledge at all. Phonological patterns, people believe, are simply governed by the constraints of their ears, lips, and tongues. But a careful analysis of the anatomy of a syllable suggests this theory might be misinformed. These conclusions receive further support from an unexpected source—the phonology of sign languages. All these results suggest that our capacity for language could well be due to innate knowledge of abstract rules.Less
Language is a quintessential human capacity. In this chapter, we ask whether the human capacity for language relies on innate knowledge. As a case study, we examine the rules of phonology. This, seems like a curious choice. Most people believe they know how phonology works, and in their naïve theory, phonology requires no knowledge at all. Phonological patterns, people believe, are simply governed by the constraints of their ears, lips, and tongues. But a careful analysis of the anatomy of a syllable suggests this theory might be misinformed. These conclusions receive further support from an unexpected source—the phonology of sign languages. All these results suggest that our capacity for language could well be due to innate knowledge of abstract rules.
Michele Loporcaro
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199656554
- eISBN:
- 9780191779749
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656554.003.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology
Chapter 1 concisely describes contrastive vowel length in Classical Latin, as seen for instance in mălus ‘bad’ vs mālus ‘apple tree’, addressing the different sources of evidence which allow us to ...
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Chapter 1 concisely describes contrastive vowel length in Classical Latin, as seen for instance in mălus ‘bad’ vs mālus ‘apple tree’, addressing the different sources of evidence which allow us to establish its existence (internal phonological evidence as well as external evidence from orthography, metric poetry, metalinguistic judgements by Latin authors, comparative reconstruction within Indo-European, and evidence from borrowing from and into other languages). Particular attention is paid to the relationship of vowel length to consonant gemination (and, more broadly, syllable structure) through the different stages of the history of Latin. The chapter also focuses on the harbingers of loss of the vowel length contrast which can be spotted as early as prehistoric Latin, then becoming more and more salient at subsequent stages. It ends with a description of the structure and aims of the volume.Less
Chapter 1 concisely describes contrastive vowel length in Classical Latin, as seen for instance in mălus ‘bad’ vs mālus ‘apple tree’, addressing the different sources of evidence which allow us to establish its existence (internal phonological evidence as well as external evidence from orthography, metric poetry, metalinguistic judgements by Latin authors, comparative reconstruction within Indo-European, and evidence from borrowing from and into other languages). Particular attention is paid to the relationship of vowel length to consonant gemination (and, more broadly, syllable structure) through the different stages of the history of Latin. The chapter also focuses on the harbingers of loss of the vowel length contrast which can be spotted as early as prehistoric Latin, then becoming more and more salient at subsequent stages. It ends with a description of the structure and aims of the volume.
Gerjan van Schaaik
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198851509
- eISBN:
- 9780191886102
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198851509.001.0001
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Syntax and Morphology
The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than ...
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The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than fully fledged sentences. Therefore, after the treatment of elementary matters such as the Turkish alphabet and pronunciation in part I, the main points of part II are the structure of noun phrases and their function in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences, while part III presents their adjuncts and modifiers. The verbal system is extensively discussed in part IV, and in part V on sentence structure the grammatical phenomena presented so far are wrapped up. The first five parts of the book, taken together, provide for all-round operational knowledge of Turkish on a basic level. Part VI deals with the ways in which complex words are constructed, and constitutes a bridge to the advanced matter treated in parts VII and VIII. These latter parts deal with advanced topics such as relative clauses, subordination, embedded clauses, clausal complements, and the finer points of the verbal system. An important advantage of this book is its revealing new content: the section on syllable structure explains how loanwords adapt to Turkish; other topics include: the use of pronouns in invectives; verbal objects classified in terms of case marking; extensive treatment of the optative (highly relevant in day-to-day conversation); recursion and lexicalization in compounds; stacking of passives; the Başı-Bozuk and Focus-Locus constructions; relativization on possessive, dative, locative, and ablative objects, instrumentals and adverbial adjuncts; pseudo-relative clauses; typology of clausal complements; periphrastic constructions and double negation.Less
The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than fully fledged sentences. Therefore, after the treatment of elementary matters such as the Turkish alphabet and pronunciation in part I, the main points of part II are the structure of noun phrases and their function in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences, while part III presents their adjuncts and modifiers. The verbal system is extensively discussed in part IV, and in part V on sentence structure the grammatical phenomena presented so far are wrapped up. The first five parts of the book, taken together, provide for all-round operational knowledge of Turkish on a basic level. Part VI deals with the ways in which complex words are constructed, and constitutes a bridge to the advanced matter treated in parts VII and VIII. These latter parts deal with advanced topics such as relative clauses, subordination, embedded clauses, clausal complements, and the finer points of the verbal system. An important advantage of this book is its revealing new content: the section on syllable structure explains how loanwords adapt to Turkish; other topics include: the use of pronouns in invectives; verbal objects classified in terms of case marking; extensive treatment of the optative (highly relevant in day-to-day conversation); recursion and lexicalization in compounds; stacking of passives; the Başı-Bozuk and Focus-Locus constructions; relativization on possessive, dative, locative, and ablative objects, instrumentals and adverbial adjuncts; pseudo-relative clauses; typology of clausal complements; periphrastic constructions and double negation.
Lara Ehrenhofer, Adam C. Roberts, Sandra Kotzor, Allison Wetterlin, and Aditi Lahiri
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198754930
- eISBN:
- 9780191816420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0010
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Theoretical Linguistics
In Swiss German, which encodes a phonological contrast in consonant length, consonant duration signals the segment’s geminate status and, in medial position, indicates the word’s syllable structure. ...
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In Swiss German, which encodes a phonological contrast in consonant length, consonant duration signals the segment’s geminate status and, in medial position, indicates the word’s syllable structure. The present work investigates the interaction between these aspects of durational processing using the N400, an electrophysiological component which offers a fine-grained measure of the success of lexical access. A cross-modal semantic priming ERP study tested to what extent words with medial consonants whose duration had been phonetically lengthened or shortened (leading to an incorrect syllable structure) trigger lexical access. Behavioural and ERP results revealed a processing asymmetry: lengthening a singleton does not negatively impact lexical access, but shortening a geminate does. This asymmetry supports an underspecification account of the geminate/singleton contrast, and may indicate a bias towards initially parsing acoustic input according to a CV template.Less
In Swiss German, which encodes a phonological contrast in consonant length, consonant duration signals the segment’s geminate status and, in medial position, indicates the word’s syllable structure. The present work investigates the interaction between these aspects of durational processing using the N400, an electrophysiological component which offers a fine-grained measure of the success of lexical access. A cross-modal semantic priming ERP study tested to what extent words with medial consonants whose duration had been phonetically lengthened or shortened (leading to an incorrect syllable structure) trigger lexical access. Behavioural and ERP results revealed a processing asymmetry: lengthening a singleton does not negatively impact lexical access, but shortening a geminate does. This asymmetry supports an underspecification account of the geminate/singleton contrast, and may indicate a bias towards initially parsing acoustic input according to a CV template.