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‘Useless Mouths’: Transfers from Czechoslovakia and Poland, 1946–1947

Matthew Frank

in Expelling the Germans: British Opinion and Post-1945 Population Transfer in Context

This chapter examines British involvement in the organized movement of German populations in 1946 when the British zone received upwards of 1.5 million Germans from Poland under ‘Operation Swallow’. ... More

This chapter examines British involvement in the organized movement of German populations in 1946 when the British zone received upwards of 1.5 million Germans from Poland under ‘Operation Swallow’. This experience of population transfer in practice was an unhappy one, made all the more so by the unfavourable comparisons drawn with transfers from Czechoslovakia, and it confirmed many of the earlier misgivings about undertakings of this nature and on this scale. The essentially political motivations for continuing to accept Germans from Poland despite chronic overcrowding in the British zone are discussed, as are the reasons for the more positive appraisal of Czechoslovak policy. The final section of the chapter is a micro-study of the role played by British liaison teams in Poland during ‘Operation Swallow’, and illustrates some of the complications arising from third-party involvement in mass population transfers.Less

Introduction

Richard J. Stevenson

in The Psychology of Flavour

This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of flavour and its function in omnivores. It then presents an overview of the subsequent chapters. This is followed by a discussion of food ... More

This introductory chapter begins with a brief discussion of flavour and its function in omnivores. It then presents an overview of the subsequent chapters. This is followed by a discussion of food and drink; oral anatomy, mastication, and swallowing; interoceptive flavour senses — olfaction, gustation, and somatosensation.Less

Improving swallowing and communication

Jane Machin

in Palliative Care Consultations in Head and Neck Cancer

This chapter discusses the ways a specialist speech and language therapist (SLT) can continue to help as part of the multidisciplinary team. The SLT can attempt to maximize the patient's remaining ... More

This chapter discusses the ways a specialist speech and language therapist (SLT) can continue to help as part of the multidisciplinary team. The SLT can attempt to maximize the patient's remaining abilities and compensate for other aspects of swallowing and speech function that may be impaired. Most of the chapter concentrates on the practical applications of the SLT's knowledge for swallowing and speech difficulties. However, this does not give detailed information on the basic swallow mechanism or the articulatory and phonatory system in humans.Less

Acquired Communication and Swallowing Difficulties in Patients with Primary Brain Tumours

Helen White

in Palliative Care Consultations in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumours

This chapter examines some of the issues involved for those people diagnosed with a primary brain tumour who have developed swallowing and/or communication difficulties. Cancer is a multifaceted ... More

This chapter examines some of the issues involved for those people diagnosed with a primary brain tumour who have developed swallowing and/or communication difficulties. Cancer is a multifaceted disease that requires involvement of several professionals and specialists. Patients with a primary brain tumour often acquire communication and swallowing difficulties, and recognition and palliation of such symptoms can be best addressed by a specialist speech and language therapist. The chapter focuses on the roles of speech and language therapists in a multi-professional neuro-oncology team. It does not cover the speech and language therapy management of paediatric tumours, nor does it provide detailed definitions and descriptions of speech, swallowing, and language disorders.Less

Multidisciplinary Care: Speech and Language Therapy

Amanda Scott and Maryanne McPhee

in Palliative Care in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From diagnosis to bereavement, 2nd Edn

Communicating is a fundamental human activity, enabling people to share thoughts about life experiences. For ALS patients, speech may become incomprehensible and the language and cognitive functions ... More

Communicating is a fundamental human activity, enabling people to share thoughts about life experiences. For ALS patients, speech may become incomprehensible and the language and cognitive functions become impaired. These dilemmas lead to difficulties in interacting with family and loved ones, with carers and health providers. This chapter discusses the role of speech and language therapist in ALS. Among their significant roles are assessment of both speech and swallowing and providing advice and support of augmentative and alternative communication systems, including support of swallowing and secretion care. The chapter also discusses the different aspects of speech and communication impairment in ALS patients.Less

Control of Symptoms: Dysphagia

Edith Wagner-Sonntag and Mario Prosiegel

in Palliative Care in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From diagnosis to bereavement, 2nd Edn

This chapter discusses dysphagia or the difficulty of swallowing common in ALS patients, including its assessment and management strategies. Assessment of dysphagia includes clinical examination, ... More

This chapter discusses dysphagia or the difficulty of swallowing common in ALS patients, including its assessment and management strategies. Assessment of dysphagia includes clinical examination, videoflouroscopy, and endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Treatment of dysphagia in patients includes several measures such as positioning, dietary modifications, compensatory techniques, and safety strategies. Patients with severe dysphagia are administered with augmented feeding techniques such as percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, nasogastric, or jejunostomy. Dysphagia-related symptoms such as sialorrhoea, mucus secretions, and gastroesophageal reflux can be treated through medicines. The efficacy of palliative care is assessed through nutritional status of the patient, the use of specific dysphagia-related scales, and quality of life scales. Management of dysphagia requires a multidisciplinary team approach and ongoing assessment of the medical community, language therapists, dieticians, the patients, and their families.Less

Tereus

Alan H. Sommerstein, David Fitzpatrick, and Thomas Talboy

in Sophocles: Selected Fragmentary Plays: Volume I

This chapter discusses Sophocles's tragic play Tereus, which follows Tereus, king of Thrace, who received Procne in marriage from the Athenian king, Pandion. It covers two versions of the myth about ... More

This chapter discusses Sophocles's tragic play Tereus, which follows Tereus, king of Thrace, who received Procne in marriage from the Athenian king, Pandion. It covers two versions of the myth about Tereus, in which both aetiologies explain the nightingale's song that existed from an early period. It also analyses evidence that shows that the future nightingale and swallow were partners in the murder of Itys from an early period. The chapter reviews sleeping patterns of the birds in Hesiod that indicate that the main responsibility for killing the child lies with the nightingale. It examines some fragments of an Attic red-figure kylix that depict the murder of Itys, whose name appears on the vase.Less

Rehearsing with the Jimmy Giuffre 3

Williams Martin

in Jazz Changes

Jimmy Giuffre was an American jazz saxophone and clarinet player, arranger, and composer. He is famous for his development of other forms of jazz which allows for free interplay between the ... More

Jimmy Giuffre was an American jazz saxophone and clarinet player, arranger, and composer. He is famous for his development of other forms of jazz which allows for free interplay between the musicians, anticipating forms of improvisation. Giuffre created a trio which besides himself, comprised of Steve Swallow, bass, and Don Friedman, piano. Rehearsals usually took place in his apartment on Upper East Side in New York City. Several musicians provided the bass and piano parts during practices, since Paul Bley joined Sonny Rollins a year after and Swallow starting working in the Art Farmer Quartet.Less

Three Men on a Bass

Williams Martin

in Jazz Changes

Scott LaFaro was one of the most influential jazz bassists, best known for his collaboration with the Bill Evans Trio. LaFaro started to play clarinet at the age of fourteen and he studied during ... More

Scott LaFaro was one of the most influential jazz bassists, best known for his collaboration with the Bill Evans Trio. LaFaro started to play clarinet at the age of fourteen and he studied during high school. Steve Swallow was a jazz double bass and bass guitarist/composer; he was one of the leading jazz bassists and was noted for his musical collaborations with Carla Bley, Gary Burton, as well as Jimmy Giuffre. He was the first jazz musician who switched entirely to bass guitar. Gary Peacock was an American double bassist. After his military service in Germany, he worked on the west coast during the 1960s, where he worked with Bley and the Bill Evans trio.Less

Comics, Adolescents, and the Language of Mental Illness: David Heatley’s “Overpeck” and Nate Powell’s Swallow Me Whole

Sarah Thaller

in Graphic Novels for Children and Young Adults: A Collection of Critical Essays

This chapter demonstrates the ability of comics to transcend the limitations of language in narratives about mental illness by focusing first on David Heatley's three-part comic, “Overpeck,” and ... More

This chapter demonstrates the ability of comics to transcend the limitations of language in narratives about mental illness by focusing first on David Heatley's three-part comic, “Overpeck,” and second on Nate Powell's Swallow Me Whole. “Overpeck” tells the story of a young girl, Sadie Grace, who lives with post-traumatic stress disorder, a complex mental disorder that occurs as a result of trauma. Swallow Me Whole is a long-form comic that brilliantly uses the combination of text and image to convey the experience of two teenage siblings with schizophrenia. While neither of these texts is directly marketed as young adult fiction, both feature adolescent protagonists with experiences that are relatable and understandable for young readers who would benefit greatly from such authentic depictions of mental illness.Less

Final Thoughts

Alan Kelly

in Molecules, Microbes, and Meals: The Surprising Science of Food

It seems appropriate to finish this book with the equivalent of a dessert or aperitif, to send the reader off with a sense of satisfaction, satiation, and hopefully pleasure. I thought about ... More

It seems appropriate to finish this book with the equivalent of a dessert or aperitif, to send the reader off with a sense of satisfaction, satiation, and hopefully pleasure. I thought about polishing my crystal ball and trying to project into what food might look like in the future but, as the Nobel Prize-winning Danish physicist Niels Bohr once said, prediction is very difficult, especially when it is about the future. Futuristic predictions are of course notoriously unreliable, as can be seen by the fact that we should all surely have our personalized jet-packs by now. Interestingly, one theme that may have come through in this book is that the future of food, at least for the next few decades, is, to adapt a quote by the writer William Gibson, probably here already, but just not equally distributed. The progress of food science has happened sporadically and unevenly, as when Bert Hite showed that high pressures could preserve food a century before anyone figured out how to make that work in a practical sense, and when NASA was introducing innovations in food safety and packaging for space travel that years later have become common practice in our restaurant kitchens and on our supermarket shelves. The story of food science in the last century has been about taking all that we knew about the art, provenance, and processing of food in the prescientific era and underpinning anecdote with fact and understanding. I think that this great era of scientific study of food has answered the main questions, such that we understand broadly why most of the things we have observed since mankind emerged and started to eat things happen, and moreover how to control these to our greatest advantage. Many scientific phenomena relating to food are well described, in textbooks, websites, and a huge body of scientific papers, while of course leaving plenty of interesting questions and challenges for future generations of food scientists to explore. Less

Sea Swallows and Strategic Hamlets

Thomas L. Ahern

in Vietnam Declassified: The CIA and Counterinsurgency

The Sea Swallows were all ethnic Chinese, and the ranks of the emigrants from China were soon increased when Father Nguyen Loc Hoa began recruiting Catholics from Cholon. The ethnic composition of ... More

The Sea Swallows were all ethnic Chinese, and the ranks of the emigrants from China were soon increased when Father Nguyen Loc Hoa began recruiting Catholics from Cholon. The ethnic composition of the Sea Swallows offered an opportunity to engage the Nationalist government on Taiwan in counterinsurgency in Vietnam, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) promptly set out to exploit it. The resulting agreement brought a Chinese Special Forces team to Binh Hung in April 1962. This created a trilateral advisory arrangement at Binh Hung, with a Vietnamese Special Forces team joining the Nationalists and the CIA-directed U.S. Special Forces unit. With the rest of the U.S. Mission mobilized in support of the Strategic Hamlet effort, the station was free to devote the bulk of its resources to its other programs. Bill Colby continued to monitor Ngo Dinh Nhu's understanding of Strategic Hamlet progress and to distribute the reporting on it received from independent station sources.Less

Oaks, Serpents and Dandies: Pseudoaristocracy in Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent and John Pendleton Kennedy's Swallow Barn

Ellen Crowell

in The Dandy in Irish and American Southern Fiction: Aristocratic Drag

This chapter compares dandyism in Anglo-Irish and Anglo-Southern literature, focusing on Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent and John Pendleton Kennedy's Swallow Barn. It argues that in these two ... More

This chapter compares dandyism in Anglo-Irish and Anglo-Southern literature, focusing on Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent and John Pendleton Kennedy's Swallow Barn. It argues that in these two texts, considered as foundational in the Irish big house and southern plantation novel traditions, the dandy figure's cultural and sexual decadence threatens colonial aristocracy. The chapter suggests that a common merger of aesthetics and proactive reform links the Anglo-Irish big house and Southern plantation novel literary traditions from their inception.Less

August

Jules Pretty

in The East Country: Almanac Tales of Valley and Shore

This chapter describes the east country in August, beginning with a discussion of ragwort. This bright Compositae is related to chamomile and feverfew, medicinal and good plants. However, it is a ... More

This chapter describes the east country in August, beginning with a discussion of ragwort. This bright Compositae is related to chamomile and feverfew, medicinal and good plants. However, it is a notifiable weed and toxic. The ministry has a Ragwort Code: all landowners must cut, spray, or pull all ragwort. Yet thirty species of insect depend exclusively on ragwort, another twenty-two eat much in their diet. Back in the slow vale, the scent of harvested field filled the valley. It was a grand moment of the year, when food flows from the land. Yet it was also a wistful time. Soon swift will drift and swallow gather on the wires.Less

The Tongue: Moving the Wine

Gordon M. Shepherd

in Neuroenology: How the Brain Creates the Taste of Wine

When taking the first sip, the key questions for neuroenology are, first, how does the wine stimulate the taste and mouth-feel systems in the mouth, and second, how does it give rise to volatiles ... More

When taking the first sip, the key questions for neuroenology are, first, how does the wine stimulate the taste and mouth-feel systems in the mouth, and second, how does it give rise to volatiles that dominate the wine taste through retronasal smell. The mechanics of the sip and functions of the saliva are described.Less

Swallow, Aroma Burst, and Finish

Gordon M. Shepherd

in Neuroenology: How the Brain Creates the Taste of Wine

Swallowing is a complex act, crucial to the wine tasting experience. We describe the swallowing muscles, controlled by the swallowing central pattern generator. We describe the steps in swallowing, ... More

Swallowing is a complex act, crucial to the wine tasting experience. We describe the swallowing muscles, controlled by the swallowing central pattern generator. We describe the steps in swallowing, from mouth to throat to esophagus. After swallowing come two essential stages in wine tasting: the aroma burst from the wine coating the throat, and the “finish” - how long the taste remains.Less

The Muscles of Flavor

Gordon M. Shepherd

in Neurogastronomy: How the Brain Creates Flavor and Why It Matters

This chapter considers the muscles and movements that bring about the sensing of what is in the mouth and how it leads to retronasal smell. It looks at evidence coming from studies of the central ... More

This chapter considers the muscles and movements that bring about the sensing of what is in the mouth and how it leads to retronasal smell. It looks at evidence coming from studies of the central motor pathways in the brain, and from using modern video techniques to observe the exact sequence of movements while consuming foods and beverages. There are also important clues gleaned from studies by anthropologists of our human ancestors. The remainder of the chapter discusses the flavor motor system; how chewing produces flavor; how swishing fluids in the mouth produce flavor; how swallowing works; and how breathing produces flavor.Less

Oxford's Grammar School

in Monstrous Adversary: The Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford

This chapter focuses on the grammar school founded by Christopher Swallow, vicar of Messing, Essex, at Earls Colne and Coggishall, in 1519–20. Before his death on 22 August 1539 Swallow secured an ... More

This chapter focuses on the grammar school founded by Christopher Swallow, vicar of Messing, Essex, at Earls Colne and Coggishall, in 1519–20. Before his death on 22 August 1539 Swallow secured an agreement that each successive Earl of Oxford would serve as guardian. Oxford appointed William Adams schoolmaster, who was not only incompetent but connived with Simon Ive, another a ‘dishonest servant’ of Oxford's to milk the school lands for their joint personal benefit.Less