Richard E. Payne
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520286191
- eISBN:
- 9780520961531
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520286191.003.0003
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This chapter focuses on Mar Aba, the leader of the Church of who was subjected to an inquest a year after his elevation to the bishopric of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 540. Nobles and judicial officials ...
More
This chapter focuses on Mar Aba, the leader of the Church of who was subjected to an inquest a year after his elevation to the bishopric of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 540. Nobles and judicial officials summoned Mar Aba to account for his interventions in the lives of the faithful through the making of new laws regulating the behavior of worldly, or more familiarly “lay,” Christians. In particular, the interrogators were distressed over two restrictions that Mar Aba placed on the Christian faithful concerning marital practice and alimentary practice. The practices that the bishop aimed to regulate through laws—substitute successorship and the commensal consumption of meat—were fundamental institutions through which Iranian aristocrats reproduced themselves and constructed social networks. In the attempt to constrain Christians from participating in these institutions, Mar Aba betrayed their importance for East Syrian elites who were forming aristocratic houses and entering imperial networks.Less
This chapter focuses on Mar Aba, the leader of the Church of who was subjected to an inquest a year after his elevation to the bishopric of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 540. Nobles and judicial officials summoned Mar Aba to account for his interventions in the lives of the faithful through the making of new laws regulating the behavior of worldly, or more familiarly “lay,” Christians. In particular, the interrogators were distressed over two restrictions that Mar Aba placed on the Christian faithful concerning marital practice and alimentary practice. The practices that the bishop aimed to regulate through laws—substitute successorship and the commensal consumption of meat—were fundamental institutions through which Iranian aristocrats reproduced themselves and constructed social networks. In the attempt to constrain Christians from participating in these institutions, Mar Aba betrayed their importance for East Syrian elites who were forming aristocratic houses and entering imperial networks.
Gamonal C. Sergio and César F. Rosado Marzán
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190052669
- eISBN:
- 9780190052690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190052669.003.0005
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Human Rights and Immigration
Chapter 5 describes the principle of continuity, also called the principle of “stability” or “permanence,” in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The principle presumes employment contracts of ...
More
Chapter 5 describes the principle of continuity, also called the principle of “stability” or “permanence,” in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The principle presumes employment contracts of indefinite duration where employers must provide cause to terminate the contract. The chapter describes how continuity provides judges and other adjudicators with the authority to protect workers against unfair dismissal, reinforce employer obligations despite contract modification and successorship, and reform precarious contracts into standard contracts of employment. The chapter then describes the uneven and weaker presence of continuity in the United States due to employment at will. It argues that employment at will needs to be derogated by statute, likely state by state. But despite the need to derogate employment at will, the chapter also underscores that about 15 percent of the U.S. workforce, that one employed in the public sector and in the unionized private sector, is not covered by employment at will. Moreover, even under employment at will, many private sector employees are covered by antidiscrimination, antiretaliation, tort, and public policies that together concoct a law of wrongful dismissal. Hence, while weak and uneven, some form of employment stability does pervade in the United States.Less
Chapter 5 describes the principle of continuity, also called the principle of “stability” or “permanence,” in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The principle presumes employment contracts of indefinite duration where employers must provide cause to terminate the contract. The chapter describes how continuity provides judges and other adjudicators with the authority to protect workers against unfair dismissal, reinforce employer obligations despite contract modification and successorship, and reform precarious contracts into standard contracts of employment. The chapter then describes the uneven and weaker presence of continuity in the United States due to employment at will. It argues that employment at will needs to be derogated by statute, likely state by state. But despite the need to derogate employment at will, the chapter also underscores that about 15 percent of the U.S. workforce, that one employed in the public sector and in the unionized private sector, is not covered by employment at will. Moreover, even under employment at will, many private sector employees are covered by antidiscrimination, antiretaliation, tort, and public policies that together concoct a law of wrongful dismissal. Hence, while weak and uneven, some form of employment stability does pervade in the United States.
