Sydney Finkelstein, Donald C. Hambrick, and Albert A. Cannella
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195162073
- eISBN:
- 9780199867332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162073.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter begins with a broad introduction to the concept of CEO succession. In the first major section, it discusses the drivers of executive succession, focusing on several important antecedents ...
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This chapter begins with a broad introduction to the concept of CEO succession. In the first major section, it discusses the drivers of executive succession, focusing on several important antecedents of succession such as organizational performance, agency conditions, organizational characteristics, the environment, and predecessor characteristics. Much of the discussion of antecedents emphasizes involuntary turnover or dismissal. In the second section, the chapter focuses on the dynamics of the CEO succession process, analyzing types of succession and the influence of the incumbent CEO versus the board of directors. The final section assesses the question of who will be selected. Topics here include insider versus outsider selection and the broader issues of continuity versus change.Less
This chapter begins with a broad introduction to the concept of CEO succession. In the first major section, it discusses the drivers of executive succession, focusing on several important antecedents of succession such as organizational performance, agency conditions, organizational characteristics, the environment, and predecessor characteristics. Much of the discussion of antecedents emphasizes involuntary turnover or dismissal. In the second section, the chapter focuses on the dynamics of the CEO succession process, analyzing types of succession and the influence of the incumbent CEO versus the board of directors. The final section assesses the question of who will be selected. Topics here include insider versus outsider selection and the broader issues of continuity versus change.
Sydney Finkelstein, Donald C. Hambrick, and Albert A. Cannella
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195162073
- eISBN:
- 9780199867332
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162073.003.0007
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter discusses how CEO and top management team succession can affect a number of important organizational outcomes. The first section is organized around the broad kinds of changes that a ...
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This chapter discusses how CEO and top management team succession can affect a number of important organizational outcomes. The first section is organized around the broad kinds of changes that a succession might engender, how the process of succession can impact the new leader's early survival prospects, and the going-in mandate of new leaders. The second section focuses on the overall performance implications of leader succession, a topic that has garnered a great deal of research over the years. The notions of scapegoating and insider versus outsider succession are examined. The chapter then discusses contextual factors such as the stage of organizational life cycle, organization-level changes that accompany the succession event, and institutional factors (such as discontinuous change). It then reviews the literature on shareholder reactions to succession. In the next section, the discussion expands beyond the CEO level to consider both the TMT and some specific positions below the CEO level (e.g., the CFO). In the final section, a variety of issues related to succession are discussed, including temporary succession, SBU leader changes, and post-succession “settling up” among organizational leaders.Less
This chapter discusses how CEO and top management team succession can affect a number of important organizational outcomes. The first section is organized around the broad kinds of changes that a succession might engender, how the process of succession can impact the new leader's early survival prospects, and the going-in mandate of new leaders. The second section focuses on the overall performance implications of leader succession, a topic that has garnered a great deal of research over the years. The notions of scapegoating and insider versus outsider succession are examined. The chapter then discusses contextual factors such as the stage of organizational life cycle, organization-level changes that accompany the succession event, and institutional factors (such as discontinuous change). It then reviews the literature on shareholder reactions to succession. In the next section, the discussion expands beyond the CEO level to consider both the TMT and some specific positions below the CEO level (e.g., the CFO). In the final section, a variety of issues related to succession are discussed, including temporary succession, SBU leader changes, and post-succession “settling up” among organizational leaders.
Matthew Craven
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199217625
- eISBN:
- 9780191705410
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217625.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
The issue of state succession continues to be a vital and complex focal point for public international lawyers, yet it has remained strangely resistant to effective articulation. The formative period ...
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The issue of state succession continues to be a vital and complex focal point for public international lawyers, yet it has remained strangely resistant to effective articulation. The formative period in this respect was that of decolonization: a period in which international lawyers were not only faced with the task of managing a process of profound political and legal change, but also the transformation of their own discipline (in which the promises of the UN Charter would be realized in an international community of sovereign peoples). Later, in the 1990s, a series of territorial adjustments placed succession once again at the centre of international legal practice, in new contexts that went beyond the traditional model of decolonization: the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, and the unifications of Germany and Yemen brought to light the fundamentally unresolved character of issues within the law of succession. Why have attempts to codify the practice of succession met with so little success? Why has succession remained so problematic a feature of international law? This book argues that the answers to these questions lie in the political backdrop of decolonization and self-determination, and that the tensions and ambiguities that run throughout the law of succession can only be understood by looking at the historical relationship between discourses on state succession, decolonization, and imperialism within the framework of international law. It provides a critical assessment of the failed attempts to codify the law of state succession, and explores the implications of a new pragmatic framework for the future development of the law.Less
The issue of state succession continues to be a vital and complex focal point for public international lawyers, yet it has remained strangely resistant to effective articulation. The formative period in this respect was that of decolonization: a period in which international lawyers were not only faced with the task of managing a process of profound political and legal change, but also the transformation of their own discipline (in which the promises of the UN Charter would be realized in an international community of sovereign peoples). Later, in the 1990s, a series of territorial adjustments placed succession once again at the centre of international legal practice, in new contexts that went beyond the traditional model of decolonization: the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, and the unifications of Germany and Yemen brought to light the fundamentally unresolved character of issues within the law of succession. Why have attempts to codify the practice of succession met with so little success? Why has succession remained so problematic a feature of international law? This book argues that the answers to these questions lie in the political backdrop of decolonization and self-determination, and that the tensions and ambiguities that run throughout the law of succession can only be understood by looking at the historical relationship between discourses on state succession, decolonization, and imperialism within the framework of international law. It provides a critical assessment of the failed attempts to codify the law of state succession, and explores the implications of a new pragmatic framework for the future development of the law.
Bert Cannella, Sydney Finkelstein, and Donald C. Hambrick
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195162073
- eISBN:
- 9780199867332
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162073.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This book integrates and assesses the vast and rapidly growing literature on strategic leadership, which is the study of top executives and their effects on organizations. The basic premise is that, ...
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This book integrates and assesses the vast and rapidly growing literature on strategic leadership, which is the study of top executives and their effects on organizations. The basic premise is that, in order to understand why organizations do the things they do, or perform the way they do, we need to comprehend deeply the people at the top—their experiences, abilities, values, social connections, aspirations, and other human features. The actions—or inactions—of a relatively small number of key people at the apex of an organization can dramatically affect organizational outcomes. The scope of strategic leadership includes individual executives, especially chief executive officers (CEOs), groups of executives (top management teams, or TMTs), and governing bodies (particularly boards of directors). Accordingly, the book addresses an array of topics regarding CEOs (e.g., values, personality, motives, demography, succession, and compensation); TMTs (including composition, processes, and dynamics); and boards of directors (why boards look and behave the way they do, and the consequences of board profiles and behaviors). The book synthesizes what is known about strategic leadership and indicates new research directions.Less
This book integrates and assesses the vast and rapidly growing literature on strategic leadership, which is the study of top executives and their effects on organizations. The basic premise is that, in order to understand why organizations do the things they do, or perform the way they do, we need to comprehend deeply the people at the top—their experiences, abilities, values, social connections, aspirations, and other human features. The actions—or inactions—of a relatively small number of key people at the apex of an organization can dramatically affect organizational outcomes. The scope of strategic leadership includes individual executives, especially chief executive officers (CEOs), groups of executives (top management teams, or TMTs), and governing bodies (particularly boards of directors). Accordingly, the book addresses an array of topics regarding CEOs (e.g., values, personality, motives, demography, succession, and compensation); TMTs (including composition, processes, and dynamics); and boards of directors (why boards look and behave the way they do, and the consequences of board profiles and behaviors). The book synthesizes what is known about strategic leadership and indicates new research directions.
Vernon Bogdanor
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293347
- eISBN:
- 9780191598821
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293348.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy governed by rules. In Britain, these rules are of two kinds—non‐statutory rules governing hereditary succession and statutory rules laying down certain ...
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Constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy governed by rules. In Britain, these rules are of two kinds—non‐statutory rules governing hereditary succession and statutory rules laying down certain conditions that the holder of the throne must meet. Although descent is the main criterion of succession, the great constitutional struggles of the seventeenth century, culminating in the Bill of Rights of 1689 and the Act of Settlement of 1701, confirmed that the succession could be regulated by parliament. The British monarchy is a parliamentary monarchy. Indeed, the succession can only be altered by Act of Parliament. Provision is also made by Act of Parliament for cases when the sovereign is incapable or a minor, where a Regent acts in place of the sovereign. The rules regulating the royal consort and the heir to the throne and the Royal Marriages Act of 1772 are analysed. The rules of succession, being a product of the religious struggles of the seventeenth century, are now ripe for reform. So also is the Royal Marriages Act.Less
Constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy governed by rules. In Britain, these rules are of two kinds—non‐statutory rules governing hereditary succession and statutory rules laying down certain conditions that the holder of the throne must meet. Although descent is the main criterion of succession, the great constitutional struggles of the seventeenth century, culminating in the Bill of Rights of 1689 and the Act of Settlement of 1701, confirmed that the succession could be regulated by parliament. The British monarchy is a parliamentary monarchy. Indeed, the succession can only be altered by Act of Parliament. Provision is also made by Act of Parliament for cases when the sovereign is incapable or a minor, where a Regent acts in place of the sovereign. The rules regulating the royal consort and the heir to the throne and the Royal Marriages Act of 1772 are analysed. The rules of succession, being a product of the religious struggles of the seventeenth century, are now ripe for reform. So also is the Royal Marriages Act.
HeeMin Kim
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780813129945
- eISBN:
- 9780813135748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813129945.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter discusses rational choice theory and the aims and purposes of this book. Rational choice theory has been applied in many subfields of political science, such as international relations ...
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This chapter discusses rational choice theory and the aims and purposes of this book. Rational choice theory has been applied in many subfields of political science, such as international relations and American politics. This theory assumes methodological individualism and purposeful action. The main focus of this book is the democratic transition in Korea, which this chapter treats as a succession of events.Less
This chapter discusses rational choice theory and the aims and purposes of this book. Rational choice theory has been applied in many subfields of political science, such as international relations and American politics. This theory assumes methodological individualism and purposeful action. The main focus of this book is the democratic transition in Korea, which this chapter treats as a succession of events.
David W. DeLong
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195170979
- eISBN:
- 9780199789719
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195170979.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management
This chapter describes HR processes and practices needed to address four common problems that organizations must address to retain knowledge and develop workforce capabilities in an era of changing ...
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This chapter describes HR processes and practices needed to address four common problems that organizations must address to retain knowledge and develop workforce capabilities in an era of changing workforce demographics. Key elements of an effective HR infrastructure include skills inventory systems that allow managers to evaluate their existing knowledge base, succession planning and career development processes, and phased retirement policies. Culture change is discussed, which is increasingly necessary to create the characteristics of a retention culture that enhances retention of both high performing employees and critical knowledge.Less
This chapter describes HR processes and practices needed to address four common problems that organizations must address to retain knowledge and develop workforce capabilities in an era of changing workforce demographics. Key elements of an effective HR infrastructure include skills inventory systems that allow managers to evaluate their existing knowledge base, succession planning and career development processes, and phased retirement policies. Culture change is discussed, which is increasingly necessary to create the characteristics of a retention culture that enhances retention of both high performing employees and critical knowledge.
Peter Butler, David Collings, René Peters, and Javier Quintanilla
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199274635
- eISBN:
- 9780191706530
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199274635.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, HRM / IR
This chapter sheds light on the nature of managerial resourcing in US multinationals. Hitherto there has been a strong reliance on the use of internal labour markets (ILMs) as the principal means of ...
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This chapter sheds light on the nature of managerial resourcing in US multinationals. Hitherto there has been a strong reliance on the use of internal labour markets (ILMs) as the principal means of sourcing managerial talent. In several instances, however, enhanced competition has triggered the necessity for the rapid importation of new skill sets eroding the primacy of ILMs. Over and above such supply side change, some organizations were similarly moving away from seniority based promotion towards a more meritocratic model, less sheltered from the vicissitudes of market pressures. Consistent with the theoretical focus of this volume, it is nevertheless demonstrated that headquarters did not have a totally free hand. The partial dismantling of ILMs was subject to local constraints and contestation, giving rise to new and significant tensions. More specifically, the emphasis upon tight performance standards was often met with stiff opposition suggesting local norms remain influential.Less
This chapter sheds light on the nature of managerial resourcing in US multinationals. Hitherto there has been a strong reliance on the use of internal labour markets (ILMs) as the principal means of sourcing managerial talent. In several instances, however, enhanced competition has triggered the necessity for the rapid importation of new skill sets eroding the primacy of ILMs. Over and above such supply side change, some organizations were similarly moving away from seniority based promotion towards a more meritocratic model, less sheltered from the vicissitudes of market pressures. Consistent with the theoretical focus of this volume, it is nevertheless demonstrated that headquarters did not have a totally free hand. The partial dismantling of ILMs was subject to local constraints and contestation, giving rise to new and significant tensions. More specifically, the emphasis upon tight performance standards was often met with stiff opposition suggesting local norms remain influential.
Joanna L. Grossman and Lawrence M. Friedman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691149820
- eISBN:
- 9781400839773
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691149820.003.0012
- Subject:
- Law, Family Law
This chapter deals with the complexities of succession, specifically in the ways money is shared with other members of the family. Family members not only earn money from work; some family members ...
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This chapter deals with the complexities of succession, specifically in the ways money is shared with other members of the family. Family members not only earn money from work; some family members also inherit money from dead relatives, or get gifts from living ones. Other members give money away, during their lifetimes, or after death. Parents obviously have to pay for everything their children need, and grown children sometimes support old, sick, and destitute parents. When a family member dies, typically they leave whatever money or assets remain to members of the family. And while books, law school curricula, and legal practice treat family law and the law of succession as entirely different subjects, this chapter deals away with those distinctions in order to reveal how these subjects impact family life and family law.Less
This chapter deals with the complexities of succession, specifically in the ways money is shared with other members of the family. Family members not only earn money from work; some family members also inherit money from dead relatives, or get gifts from living ones. Other members give money away, during their lifetimes, or after death. Parents obviously have to pay for everything their children need, and grown children sometimes support old, sick, and destitute parents. When a family member dies, typically they leave whatever money or assets remain to members of the family. And while books, law school curricula, and legal practice treat family law and the law of succession as entirely different subjects, this chapter deals away with those distinctions in order to reveal how these subjects impact family life and family law.
Malcolm Ausden
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198568728
- eISBN:
- 9780191717529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568728.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning of habitat management and why it is necessary. It then discusses the principles of habitat management and the aims and scope of the ...
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This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning of habitat management and why it is necessary. It then discusses the principles of habitat management and the aims and scope of the book. An overview of the rest of the chapters is presented.Less
This introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning of habitat management and why it is necessary. It then discusses the principles of habitat management and the aims and scope of the book. An overview of the rest of the chapters is presented.
Malcolm Ausden
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198568728
- eISBN:
- 9780191717529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568728.003.0009
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses a range of intertidal habitats, mudflats, saltmarsh, and sandy and shingle beaches, together with habitats beyond the usual upper tidal limit, which are affected by coastal ...
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This chapter discusses a range of intertidal habitats, mudflats, saltmarsh, and sandy and shingle beaches, together with habitats beyond the usual upper tidal limit, which are affected by coastal processes, saline water, or exposure from salt-laden winds. These include sand dunes, cliffs, saline lagoons, brackish (between freshwater and seawater) marshes, and grasslands. The successional stages of intertidal habitats are largely determined by changes in coastal geomorphology (coastal processes), and in most cases less so by grazing or other forms of vegetation removal. Most principles of managing coastal habitats above the usual upper tidal limit are similar to those of their inland equivalents.Less
This chapter discusses a range of intertidal habitats, mudflats, saltmarsh, and sandy and shingle beaches, together with habitats beyond the usual upper tidal limit, which are affected by coastal processes, saline water, or exposure from salt-laden winds. These include sand dunes, cliffs, saline lagoons, brackish (between freshwater and seawater) marshes, and grasslands. The successional stages of intertidal habitats are largely determined by changes in coastal geomorphology (coastal processes), and in most cases less so by grazing or other forms of vegetation removal. Most principles of managing coastal habitats above the usual upper tidal limit are similar to those of their inland equivalents.
David T. Lamb
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199231478
- eISBN:
- 9780191710841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231478.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter shows that Dtr's bias against Jehu's heirs is part of a broader Deuteronomistic pattern of portraying dynastic successors negatively in order to subvert the monarchical status quo. After ...
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This chapter shows that Dtr's bias against Jehu's heirs is part of a broader Deuteronomistic pattern of portraying dynastic successors negatively in order to subvert the monarchical status quo. After focusing on the specific members of the Jehu dynasty, both founder and heirs, in the previous chapters, it is necessary to broaden the focus to compare both the entire dynasty to other DH dynasties and Jehu's promise to other DH dynastic oracles. These comparisons confirm the hypothesis that Dtr views dynastic successors critically. The crucial question of why Dtr would give rulers dynastic promises if he is opposed to dynasty is also discussed.Less
This chapter shows that Dtr's bias against Jehu's heirs is part of a broader Deuteronomistic pattern of portraying dynastic successors negatively in order to subvert the monarchical status quo. After focusing on the specific members of the Jehu dynasty, both founder and heirs, in the previous chapters, it is necessary to broaden the focus to compare both the entire dynasty to other DH dynasties and Jehu's promise to other DH dynastic oracles. These comparisons confirm the hypothesis that Dtr views dynastic successors critically. The crucial question of why Dtr would give rulers dynastic promises if he is opposed to dynasty is also discussed.
David T. Lamb
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199231478
- eISBN:
- 9780191710841
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231478.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter summarizes the conclusions of this research regarding Dtr's negative perspective on dynastic succession. It suggests two additional implications and three unresolved questions. The first ...
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This chapter summarizes the conclusions of this research regarding Dtr's negative perspective on dynastic succession. It suggests two additional implications and three unresolved questions. The first implication lends support for Noth's original theory (no Josianic redactor); however, the second implication undermines certain aspects of his theory (a unified Samuel-Kings). The three questions that arise from this research are briefly discussed and will need to be investigated more fully elsewhere. First, how would examinations of the other dynasties of Israel and Judah shed light on Dtr's critique of succession? Second, Dtr' s critique of succession suggests that he viewed the monarchy negatively, but how did Dtr view power more generally? Third, since crusades against societal institutions are often fueled by one's own experiences, what personal factors contributed to Dtr's critique of succession?Less
This chapter summarizes the conclusions of this research regarding Dtr's negative perspective on dynastic succession. It suggests two additional implications and three unresolved questions. The first implication lends support for Noth's original theory (no Josianic redactor); however, the second implication undermines certain aspects of his theory (a unified Samuel-Kings). The three questions that arise from this research are briefly discussed and will need to be investigated more fully elsewhere. First, how would examinations of the other dynasties of Israel and Judah shed light on Dtr's critique of succession? Second, Dtr' s critique of succession suggests that he viewed the monarchy negatively, but how did Dtr view power more generally? Third, since crusades against societal institutions are often fueled by one's own experiences, what personal factors contributed to Dtr's critique of succession?
Gregory P. Cheplick and Stanley H. Faeth
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195308082
- eISBN:
- 9780199867462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195308082.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Despite their minute biomass relative to other species, endophytes have the potential to have profound effects on community structure and diversity and ecosystem functions. For agronomic grasses, ...
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Despite their minute biomass relative to other species, endophytes have the potential to have profound effects on community structure and diversity and ecosystem functions. For agronomic grasses, infection may decrease plant diversity and alter relative abundances and species richness of herbivores, predators, and parasites. In natural communities, endophyte infection has complex and often unpredictable effects on community and trophic diversity. The mechanism for these effects on higher trophic levels may be endophytic alkaloids or changes in plant physiology, morphology, or productivity that cascade upward in the community. Because natural enemies of herbivores may be more affected than herbivores, which have coevolved with alkaloids in natural grass communities, alkaloids may actually increase herbivory, counter to the long-held notion of endophytes as defensive plant mutualists. Endophytes, by altering competitive hierarchies, diversity, and productivity in communities may also render communities more invasible by non-native species as has been shown for agronomic tall fescue. Furthermore, infected tall fescue can also change successional sequences in old fields. For ecosystem functions, infected grasses may alter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates in old field communities. Much less is known about the effects of native infected grasses on community- and ecosystem-level properties and functions. Because seed-borne endophytes are maternally inherited components that dramatically alter plant phenotypes with widespread repercussions at the community and ecosystem level, they should make good models for testing recent notions of community genetics and extended phenotypes.Less
Despite their minute biomass relative to other species, endophytes have the potential to have profound effects on community structure and diversity and ecosystem functions. For agronomic grasses, infection may decrease plant diversity and alter relative abundances and species richness of herbivores, predators, and parasites. In natural communities, endophyte infection has complex and often unpredictable effects on community and trophic diversity. The mechanism for these effects on higher trophic levels may be endophytic alkaloids or changes in plant physiology, morphology, or productivity that cascade upward in the community. Because natural enemies of herbivores may be more affected than herbivores, which have coevolved with alkaloids in natural grass communities, alkaloids may actually increase herbivory, counter to the long-held notion of endophytes as defensive plant mutualists. Endophytes, by altering competitive hierarchies, diversity, and productivity in communities may also render communities more invasible by non-native species as has been shown for agronomic tall fescue. Furthermore, infected tall fescue can also change successional sequences in old fields. For ecosystem functions, infected grasses may alter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates in old field communities. Much less is known about the effects of native infected grasses on community- and ecosystem-level properties and functions. Because seed-borne endophytes are maternally inherited components that dramatically alter plant phenotypes with widespread repercussions at the community and ecosystem level, they should make good models for testing recent notions of community genetics and extended phenotypes.
Kenneth Reid and Marius de Waal
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780748632909
- eISBN:
- 9780748651436
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748632909.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Comparative Law
By comparison with other areas of private law, the law of succession has been neglected by modern scholars. This book contributes to its rehabilitation by examining key issues in succession law from ...
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By comparison with other areas of private law, the law of succession has been neglected by modern scholars. This book contributes to its rehabilitation by examining key issues in succession law from a variety of perspectives: national, historical and comparative. In particular it seeks to extend the techniques of legal comparison into an area of law where hitherto they have been little used. The jurisdictions most prominently featured are the mixed jurisdictions of Scotland and South Africa, but there are frequent comparative references, and special attention is given to the Netherlands as the country that has most recently re-written its succession law. The authors of the individual chapters are drawn from Scotland, South Africa, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. Among the topics covered are freedom of testation, testamentary conditions and public policy, forfeiture clauses and events, revocation of wills by changed circumstances, revocation of mutual wills, fideicommissary substitutions and succession agreements.Less
By comparison with other areas of private law, the law of succession has been neglected by modern scholars. This book contributes to its rehabilitation by examining key issues in succession law from a variety of perspectives: national, historical and comparative. In particular it seeks to extend the techniques of legal comparison into an area of law where hitherto they have been little used. The jurisdictions most prominently featured are the mixed jurisdictions of Scotland and South Africa, but there are frequent comparative references, and special attention is given to the Netherlands as the country that has most recently re-written its succession law. The authors of the individual chapters are drawn from Scotland, South Africa, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. Among the topics covered are freedom of testation, testamentary conditions and public policy, forfeiture clauses and events, revocation of wills by changed circumstances, revocation of mutual wills, fideicommissary substitutions and succession agreements.
James F. Puglisi, SA
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199216451
- eISBN:
- 9780191712173
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216451.003.0016
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Religion and Society
This chapter reviews some of the learnings gleaned from the various ecumenical discussions that have taken place on the theme of apostolicity. It is shown that there is now a general consensus about ...
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This chapter reviews some of the learnings gleaned from the various ecumenical discussions that have taken place on the theme of apostolicity. It is shown that there is now a general consensus about apostolicity, namely: that first and foremost apostolicity is applied to the whole church and not just to some elements of the church. In general, all recognize the place of the apostolic ministry within the apostolicity of the whole church. It is also recognized that there is an intimate relationship between the apostolic continuity of the whole church and the apostolic succession of the ministry.Less
This chapter reviews some of the learnings gleaned from the various ecumenical discussions that have taken place on the theme of apostolicity. It is shown that there is now a general consensus about apostolicity, namely: that first and foremost apostolicity is applied to the whole church and not just to some elements of the church. In general, all recognize the place of the apostolic ministry within the apostolicity of the whole church. It is also recognized that there is an intimate relationship between the apostolic continuity of the whole church and the apostolic succession of the ministry.
Peter Hogarth
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198568704
- eISBN:
- 9780191717536
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568704.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter discusses the physical factors that help to determine the overall structure of the mangrove forest. Topics covered include species zonation, propagule sorting, physical gradients, ...
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This chapter discusses the physical factors that help to determine the overall structure of the mangrove forest. Topics covered include species zonation, propagule sorting, physical gradients, geomorphological change, plant succession, how different mangroves are from other forests, and seagrass meadows.Less
This chapter discusses the physical factors that help to determine the overall structure of the mangrove forest. Topics covered include species zonation, propagule sorting, physical gradients, geomorphological change, plant succession, how different mangroves are from other forests, and seagrass meadows.
John D. Thompson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198515340
- eISBN:
- 9780191705687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515340.003.0005
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter examines the ecology of trait variation, adaptation, dispersal, and colonization in the Mediterranean mosaic landscape. Variation in functional traits and phenology is examined in ...
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This chapter examines the ecology of trait variation, adaptation, dispersal, and colonization in the Mediterranean mosaic landscape. Variation in functional traits and phenology is examined in relation to the classical themes of aridity and nutrient stress in Mediterranean ecosystems. The association of trait combinations in many species no doubt evolved in the region prior to the onset of a Mediterranean climate regime, as the presence of a large group of Pre-Pliocene sclerophyllous, unisexual, fleshy-fruited species illustrates. The analysis of variation and evolution in relation to climate is explored in a discussion of trait variation among populations and closely related taxa. The chapter describes the constraints and selection pressures acting on plant populations during the colonization of open habitats following the abandonment of human activities. The roles of dispersal limitation and spatial variation in dispersal and regeneration, and the evolution of population differentiation in a mosaic landscape are stressed. Finally, the question of why there are so many aromatic plants in the Mediterranean flora, and the function of variation among closely related species and among-populations in their dominant secondary metabolites is discussed.Less
This chapter examines the ecology of trait variation, adaptation, dispersal, and colonization in the Mediterranean mosaic landscape. Variation in functional traits and phenology is examined in relation to the classical themes of aridity and nutrient stress in Mediterranean ecosystems. The association of trait combinations in many species no doubt evolved in the region prior to the onset of a Mediterranean climate regime, as the presence of a large group of Pre-Pliocene sclerophyllous, unisexual, fleshy-fruited species illustrates. The analysis of variation and evolution in relation to climate is explored in a discussion of trait variation among populations and closely related taxa. The chapter describes the constraints and selection pressures acting on plant populations during the colonization of open habitats following the abandonment of human activities. The roles of dispersal limitation and spatial variation in dispersal and regeneration, and the evolution of population differentiation in a mosaic landscape are stressed. Finally, the question of why there are so many aromatic plants in the Mediterranean flora, and the function of variation among closely related species and among-populations in their dominant secondary metabolites is discussed.
Peter Hinds
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264430
- eISBN:
- 9780191733994
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264430.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
This chapter focuses on the Duke of York and the crisis over the succession, which was precipitated in part by Oates' allegations. It sets concerns over a potential Catholic successor in several ...
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This chapter focuses on the Duke of York and the crisis over the succession, which was precipitated in part by Oates' allegations. It sets concerns over a potential Catholic successor in several contexts, such as analysing the rhetoric of debate both in Parliament and on the printed page, and placing the succession issue in context of the Duke's periods of exile between 1679 and 1682.Less
This chapter focuses on the Duke of York and the crisis over the succession, which was precipitated in part by Oates' allegations. It sets concerns over a potential Catholic successor in several contexts, such as analysing the rhetoric of debate both in Parliament and on the printed page, and placing the succession issue in context of the Duke's periods of exile between 1679 and 1682.
Stuart Anderson
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258826
- eISBN:
- 9780191705168
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258826.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter on succession, inheritance, and the family in the 19th century covers the forms of family provisions, courts as settlers, the legal framework of successive interests, and wills and their ...
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This chapter on succession, inheritance, and the family in the 19th century covers the forms of family provisions, courts as settlers, the legal framework of successive interests, and wills and their interpretation.Less
This chapter on succession, inheritance, and the family in the 19th century covers the forms of family provisions, courts as settlers, the legal framework of successive interests, and wills and their interpretation.
