D. R. M. Irving
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195378269
- eISBN:
- 9780199864614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195378269.003.0006
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
This chapter argues that apparent similarities between Filipino and Spanish musical practices acted as points of convergence that promoted sustained “courtship” and engagement between the distinct ...
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This chapter argues that apparent similarities between Filipino and Spanish musical practices acted as points of convergence that promoted sustained “courtship” and engagement between the distinct cultures, which eventually resulted in the emergence of hybrid or syncretic musicopoetic genres. Case studies of three colonial genres are offered: the auit (awit), loa, and pasyon. Each case study considers the respective Filipino and Spanish antecedents of each genre, and examines the ways in which the two traditions were synthesized into a new, distinctively Filipino practice within the context of religious conversion or within broader patterns of transculturation. These genres relate to the concept of mestizaje (literally “mixing”), which is interpreted here as a subversive form of cultural expression in colonial contexts and as a powerful means of representing hispanized Filipino identity.Less
This chapter argues that apparent similarities between Filipino and Spanish musical practices acted as points of convergence that promoted sustained “courtship” and engagement between the distinct cultures, which eventually resulted in the emergence of hybrid or syncretic musicopoetic genres. Case studies of three colonial genres are offered: the auit (awit), loa, and pasyon. Each case study considers the respective Filipino and Spanish antecedents of each genre, and examines the ways in which the two traditions were synthesized into a new, distinctively Filipino practice within the context of religious conversion or within broader patterns of transculturation. These genres relate to the concept of mestizaje (literally “mixing”), which is interpreted here as a subversive form of cultural expression in colonial contexts and as a powerful means of representing hispanized Filipino identity.
Lawrence R. Schehr
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780823231355
- eISBN:
- 9780823241095
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Fordham University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5422/fordham/9780823231355.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This book focuses on the ways in which a number of French literary narratives written in the realist tradition show a dynamic balance between the desire of the author/narrator to present a ...
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This book focuses on the ways in which a number of French literary narratives written in the realist tradition show a dynamic balance between the desire of the author/narrator to present a verisimilar world and the need for aesthetic balance. While the works studied — narratives by Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, Colette, Proust, and Sartre — range over the course of a century, from 1835 to 1938, they share a perspective on the relations between and the need to engage questions of realist verisimilitude and narrative interest and aesthetics. The book discusses some of the subversive paths taken in realism and, specifically, in canonical narratives solidly anchored in the tradition. The goal here is to analyze these realist texts, regardless of the narrative mode chosen, in order to see the deviations and detours from realism, mostly for aesthetic ends.Less
This book focuses on the ways in which a number of French literary narratives written in the realist tradition show a dynamic balance between the desire of the author/narrator to present a verisimilar world and the need for aesthetic balance. While the works studied — narratives by Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, Colette, Proust, and Sartre — range over the course of a century, from 1835 to 1938, they share a perspective on the relations between and the need to engage questions of realist verisimilitude and narrative interest and aesthetics. The book discusses some of the subversive paths taken in realism and, specifically, in canonical narratives solidly anchored in the tradition. The goal here is to analyze these realist texts, regardless of the narrative mode chosen, in order to see the deviations and detours from realism, mostly for aesthetic ends.
Paul Maddrell
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199267507
- eISBN:
- 9780191708404
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199267507.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The years 1945-61 saw the greatest transformation in weaponry that has ever taken place, as atomic and thermonuclear bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles and chemical and biological weapons ...
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The years 1945-61 saw the greatest transformation in weaponry that has ever taken place, as atomic and thermonuclear bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles and chemical and biological weapons were developed by the superpowers. It was also a distinct era in Western intelligence collection. These were the years of the Germans. Mass interrogation in West Germany and spying in East Germany represented the most important source of intelligence on Soviet war-related science, weapons development and military capability until 1956 and a key one until 1961. This intelligence fuelled the arms race and influenced Western scientific research, weapons development, and intelligence collection. Using intelligence and policy documents held in British and US archives and records of the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), this book studies the scientific intelligence-gathering and subversive operations of the British, US, and West German intelligence services in the period to date. East Germany's scientific potential was contained by inducing leading scientists and engineers to defect to the West, and the book shows that the US government's policy of ‘containment’ was more aggressive than has hitherto been accepted. It also demonstrates that the Western secret services' espionage in the GDR was very successful, even though the MfS and KGB achieved triumphs against them. George Blake twice did appalling damage to MI6's spy networks. The book reveals the identity of the most distinguished scientist to spy for the CIA as yet uncovered.Less
The years 1945-61 saw the greatest transformation in weaponry that has ever taken place, as atomic and thermonuclear bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles and chemical and biological weapons were developed by the superpowers. It was also a distinct era in Western intelligence collection. These were the years of the Germans. Mass interrogation in West Germany and spying in East Germany represented the most important source of intelligence on Soviet war-related science, weapons development and military capability until 1956 and a key one until 1961. This intelligence fuelled the arms race and influenced Western scientific research, weapons development, and intelligence collection. Using intelligence and policy documents held in British and US archives and records of the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), this book studies the scientific intelligence-gathering and subversive operations of the British, US, and West German intelligence services in the period to date. East Germany's scientific potential was contained by inducing leading scientists and engineers to defect to the West, and the book shows that the US government's policy of ‘containment’ was more aggressive than has hitherto been accepted. It also demonstrates that the Western secret services' espionage in the GDR was very successful, even though the MfS and KGB achieved triumphs against them. George Blake twice did appalling damage to MI6's spy networks. The book reveals the identity of the most distinguished scientist to spy for the CIA as yet uncovered.
Jacob Shell
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029339
- eISBN:
- 9780262330404
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029339.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cultural and Historical Geography
What sorts of transportation technologies and methods of conveyance have political regimes associated with the movement of weapons, papers, or people for political subversion and revolt? In an era ...
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What sorts of transportation technologies and methods of conveyance have political regimes associated with the movement of weapons, papers, or people for political subversion and revolt? In an era when much transfer of information moves across a wire-tappable medium, and much transport of goods and people occurs across a mapped network of tracks and checkpoints, what social history of the specter of subversive trafficking—and of the associated political fears this specter has been able to elicit—might help us better understand the retrenchment of an older range of possibilities for human mobility? This book pursues these lines of inquiry, focusing on several modes of transportation which have been perceived, in different times and places, as especially useful for clandestine, subversive logistics, and which have also become relatively marginalized and divested from over the past century and a half. The examples treated in the book are mostly animal-based forms of transportation (carrier pigeons, mules, elephants, camels, and sled-dogs) or water-based forms of transportation (especially canal and harbor boats). The book’s overall historical-geographic discussion is mainly concerned with the period from 1850 to 1950, though some examples are from well before or well after this period. The discussion extends to many parts of the world, most of them (with exceptions) places which were at some point in their history within the confines of the British Empire.Less
What sorts of transportation technologies and methods of conveyance have political regimes associated with the movement of weapons, papers, or people for political subversion and revolt? In an era when much transfer of information moves across a wire-tappable medium, and much transport of goods and people occurs across a mapped network of tracks and checkpoints, what social history of the specter of subversive trafficking—and of the associated political fears this specter has been able to elicit—might help us better understand the retrenchment of an older range of possibilities for human mobility? This book pursues these lines of inquiry, focusing on several modes of transportation which have been perceived, in different times and places, as especially useful for clandestine, subversive logistics, and which have also become relatively marginalized and divested from over the past century and a half. The examples treated in the book are mostly animal-based forms of transportation (carrier pigeons, mules, elephants, camels, and sled-dogs) or water-based forms of transportation (especially canal and harbor boats). The book’s overall historical-geographic discussion is mainly concerned with the period from 1850 to 1950, though some examples are from well before or well after this period. The discussion extends to many parts of the world, most of them (with exceptions) places which were at some point in their history within the confines of the British Empire.
Matthew M. Briones
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691129488
- eISBN:
- 9781400842216
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691129488.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter talks about how Kikuchi suspected that his belief in his alienable rights as a citizen would be severely challenged. A year earlier, Congress had passed the Alien Registration Act, ...
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This chapter talks about how Kikuchi suspected that his belief in his alienable rights as a citizen would be severely challenged. A year earlier, Congress had passed the Alien Registration Act, requiring the registration and fingerprinting of all aliens over the age of fourteen. The law had passed in large part due to unsubstantiated rumors of fifth column activity and espionage on the part of enemy aliens, especially German Americans. At the same time, the Department of Justice and the FBI were compiling a short list of dangerous or subversive aliens—German, Italian, and Japanese—who were to be arrested as soon as war broke out with their particular countries. The chapter shows how Kikuchi viewed the situation through a racial lens—citing Hitler's anti-Jewish pogroms—whereas he had been preoccupied with class after his migratory work in the San Joaquin Valley.Less
This chapter talks about how Kikuchi suspected that his belief in his alienable rights as a citizen would be severely challenged. A year earlier, Congress had passed the Alien Registration Act, requiring the registration and fingerprinting of all aliens over the age of fourteen. The law had passed in large part due to unsubstantiated rumors of fifth column activity and espionage on the part of enemy aliens, especially German Americans. At the same time, the Department of Justice and the FBI were compiling a short list of dangerous or subversive aliens—German, Italian, and Japanese—who were to be arrested as soon as war broke out with their particular countries. The chapter shows how Kikuchi viewed the situation through a racial lens—citing Hitler's anti-Jewish pogroms—whereas he had been preoccupied with class after his migratory work in the San Joaquin Valley.
Teofilo F. Ruiz
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153575
- eISBN:
- 9781400842247
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153575.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This chapter assesses the relationship between Carnival and the annual Corpus Christi celebrations in late medieval and early modern Spain. Carnival has always been associated with revelry, ...
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This chapter assesses the relationship between Carnival and the annual Corpus Christi celebrations in late medieval and early modern Spain. Carnival has always been associated with revelry, subversive inversions of the social order, and transgressive behavior. Meanwhile, Corpus Christi is the high point of the Catholic devotional cycle in early modern Spain. Although it seems odd to juxtapose a feast such as Carnival with that of the Corpus Christi, there was a progression—uneven but perceptible—from the carnivalesque to the elaborate appropriation of some of these allegedly subversive themes of Carnival by the carefully programmed procession of the living body of Christ through the streets of Iberian cities.Less
This chapter assesses the relationship between Carnival and the annual Corpus Christi celebrations in late medieval and early modern Spain. Carnival has always been associated with revelry, subversive inversions of the social order, and transgressive behavior. Meanwhile, Corpus Christi is the high point of the Catholic devotional cycle in early modern Spain. Although it seems odd to juxtapose a feast such as Carnival with that of the Corpus Christi, there was a progression—uneven but perceptible—from the carnivalesque to the elaborate appropriation of some of these allegedly subversive themes of Carnival by the carefully programmed procession of the living body of Christ through the streets of Iberian cities.
Suzanne Keen
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195175769
- eISBN:
- 9780199851232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195175769.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter examines the relationship of empathy to novelists' craft of fiction. It suggests that contemporary novelists frequently connect fiction with empathy in their comments on creativity and ...
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This chapter examines the relationship of empathy to novelists' craft of fiction. It suggests that contemporary novelists frequently connect fiction with empathy in their comments on creativity and the effects of novel reading and that representations of empathy in contemporary fiction run the gamut from moral approval to subversive deconstruction. It explains that many novelists call up empathy as a representational goal by mirroring it within their texts and they present empathetic connections between characters or thematize empathy explicitly in fiction meditating on the vagaries of social relations.Less
This chapter examines the relationship of empathy to novelists' craft of fiction. It suggests that contemporary novelists frequently connect fiction with empathy in their comments on creativity and the effects of novel reading and that representations of empathy in contemporary fiction run the gamut from moral approval to subversive deconstruction. It explains that many novelists call up empathy as a representational goal by mirroring it within their texts and they present empathetic connections between characters or thematize empathy explicitly in fiction meditating on the vagaries of social relations.
Mererid Puw Davies
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199242757
- eISBN:
- 9780191697180
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199242757.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter examines scholarly views of the Märchen genre and demonstrates that the Märchen is in no sense a timeless form. It argues that our perception of it is formed by a canon biased in favour ...
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This chapter examines scholarly views of the Märchen genre and demonstrates that the Märchen is in no sense a timeless form. It argues that our perception of it is formed by a canon biased in favour of masculinist values and shows ways in which some women writers have sought to challenge those values by exploiting the genre's subversive potential. In other words, the chapter sets out the reasons why this study examines not only canonical works but also texts which fall outside the canon, and pays particular attention to texts by women and to texts which do not fit the classical generic mould.Less
This chapter examines scholarly views of the Märchen genre and demonstrates that the Märchen is in no sense a timeless form. It argues that our perception of it is formed by a canon biased in favour of masculinist values and shows ways in which some women writers have sought to challenge those values by exploiting the genre's subversive potential. In other words, the chapter sets out the reasons why this study examines not only canonical works but also texts which fall outside the canon, and pays particular attention to texts by women and to texts which do not fit the classical generic mould.
Austin Woolrych
- Published in print:
- 1987
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198227526
- eISBN:
- 9780191678738
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198227526.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
After the vote which sent the agitators back to their regiments, the Levellers and their adherents in the army prepared for the forthcoming rendezvous. On November 9, they succeeded in presenting the ...
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After the vote which sent the agitators back to their regiments, the Levellers and their adherents in the army prepared for the forthcoming rendezvous. On November 9, they succeeded in presenting the Agreement of the People to the Commons, followed by A Copy of a Letter sent by the Agents of several Regiments two days later. For an army as disciplined as the New Model Army had been in war, the punishment of serious breaches of military order proved difficult towards the end of 1647. The success of the three rendezvous in restoring solidarity induced a certain reaction against the strict disciplining of those who had broken it. However, the long delays in the trials of the chief subversives make one wonder how long the euphoria over the army's refound unity would have lasted if the challenge of renewed war had not cemented it.Less
After the vote which sent the agitators back to their regiments, the Levellers and their adherents in the army prepared for the forthcoming rendezvous. On November 9, they succeeded in presenting the Agreement of the People to the Commons, followed by A Copy of a Letter sent by the Agents of several Regiments two days later. For an army as disciplined as the New Model Army had been in war, the punishment of serious breaches of military order proved difficult towards the end of 1647. The success of the three rendezvous in restoring solidarity induced a certain reaction against the strict disciplining of those who had broken it. However, the long delays in the trials of the chief subversives make one wonder how long the euphoria over the army's refound unity would have lasted if the challenge of renewed war had not cemented it.
David Cressy
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199237630
- eISBN:
- 9780191696756
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199237630.003.0015
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter examines some of the lesser-known materials that helped stir anxiety and unease in England's times of distraction. The passions and controversies of the period may have given life to ...
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This chapter examines some of the lesser-known materials that helped stir anxiety and unease in England's times of distraction. The passions and controversies of the period may have given life to many more ephemeral scribal publications. The tradition of popular libeling was revitalised with unprecedented vigour, velocity, and venom. Energised by the crisis of 1640, the authors moved rapidly from attacks on individual targets to more general engagement with public affairs. By early in 1641, satirical, scandalous, and subversive texts could be written and possessed without peril, and could be marketed openly by hawkers and booksellers. The chapter suggests that laughter directs attention to areas of structural ambiguity, exposing the tensions and anxieties of the past. In this regard, humour provided a means of coping with the absurdities and anomalies of a culture under stress.Less
This chapter examines some of the lesser-known materials that helped stir anxiety and unease in England's times of distraction. The passions and controversies of the period may have given life to many more ephemeral scribal publications. The tradition of popular libeling was revitalised with unprecedented vigour, velocity, and venom. Energised by the crisis of 1640, the authors moved rapidly from attacks on individual targets to more general engagement with public affairs. By early in 1641, satirical, scandalous, and subversive texts could be written and possessed without peril, and could be marketed openly by hawkers and booksellers. The chapter suggests that laughter directs attention to areas of structural ambiguity, exposing the tensions and anxieties of the past. In this regard, humour provided a means of coping with the absurdities and anomalies of a culture under stress.
Avner Ben-Amos
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198203285
- eISBN:
- 9780191675836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198203285.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
The end of the revolutionary decade opened a period during which the freedom of expression of the republican opposition was severely curtailed. The hostility of the authorities toward public ...
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The end of the revolutionary decade opened a period during which the freedom of expression of the republican opposition was severely curtailed. The hostility of the authorities toward public gatherings and demonstrations became even greater, and using an ‘innocent’ public occasion as a pretext for a political meeting became common practice for the republicans. The most celebrated example of this usage was the Campaign of Banquets that led to the fall of Louis-Philippe. In contrast with either integrative or exclusive funerals, which were ceremonies of power, subversive funerals were used by the opposition and were directed against the ruling regime. The other republican funerals that took place in the nineteenth century before the advent of the Third Republic were organized by the revolutionary regimes of the Second Republic and the Paris Commune. This chapter examines the subversive and revolutionary funerals in France from 1800–1870 encompassing the Bourbon Restoration period, the Second Empire, the Second Republic, the Paris Commune, and the Revolution of 1848.Less
The end of the revolutionary decade opened a period during which the freedom of expression of the republican opposition was severely curtailed. The hostility of the authorities toward public gatherings and demonstrations became even greater, and using an ‘innocent’ public occasion as a pretext for a political meeting became common practice for the republicans. The most celebrated example of this usage was the Campaign of Banquets that led to the fall of Louis-Philippe. In contrast with either integrative or exclusive funerals, which were ceremonies of power, subversive funerals were used by the opposition and were directed against the ruling regime. The other republican funerals that took place in the nineteenth century before the advent of the Third Republic were organized by the revolutionary regimes of the Second Republic and the Paris Commune. This chapter examines the subversive and revolutionary funerals in France from 1800–1870 encompassing the Bourbon Restoration period, the Second Empire, the Second Republic, the Paris Commune, and the Revolution of 1848.
Stacey Abbott
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381830
- eISBN:
- 9781781382363
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381830.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
The 1970s produced an increasingly independent and confrontational approach to cinema in terms of both narrative content and aesthetic display. Filmmakers broke violently with film-making conventions ...
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The 1970s produced an increasingly independent and confrontational approach to cinema in terms of both narrative content and aesthetic display. Filmmakers broke violently with film-making conventions through splatter cinema, which sought to mortify audiences with scenes of explicit gore. This chapter examines the manner in which the science fiction (sf) genre was cultified not just through ‘splatter’ imagery, but through the ‘splattering’ of sf tropes themselves, particularly those surrounding the science/military machine and the creation of monsters, within the changing production context of the 1960s/1970s that privileged independent film production typified by cult auteurs George Romero, Larry Cohen, and David Cronenberg. It considers how the conventions of exploitation merged with sf to create a series of subversive texts, targeted at the growing cult cinema audience of the 1970s, whose ‘interests and concerns — drugs, rock music, sexual experience, alienation from their parents and established society — clearly surfaced in such films’. This new confrontational aesthetic made sf an ideal genre with which to express the cultural rupture at the heart of the decade.Less
The 1970s produced an increasingly independent and confrontational approach to cinema in terms of both narrative content and aesthetic display. Filmmakers broke violently with film-making conventions through splatter cinema, which sought to mortify audiences with scenes of explicit gore. This chapter examines the manner in which the science fiction (sf) genre was cultified not just through ‘splatter’ imagery, but through the ‘splattering’ of sf tropes themselves, particularly those surrounding the science/military machine and the creation of monsters, within the changing production context of the 1960s/1970s that privileged independent film production typified by cult auteurs George Romero, Larry Cohen, and David Cronenberg. It considers how the conventions of exploitation merged with sf to create a series of subversive texts, targeted at the growing cult cinema audience of the 1970s, whose ‘interests and concerns — drugs, rock music, sexual experience, alienation from their parents and established society — clearly surfaced in such films’. This new confrontational aesthetic made sf an ideal genre with which to express the cultural rupture at the heart of the decade.
James Krapfl
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801452055
- eISBN:
- 9780801469428
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801452055.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
As a history of Czechoslovakia's “gentle revolution,” this book shifts the focus away from elites to ordinary citizens who endeavored—from the outbreak of revolution in 1989 to the demise of the ...
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As a history of Czechoslovakia's “gentle revolution,” this book shifts the focus away from elites to ordinary citizens who endeavored—from the outbreak of revolution in 1989 to the demise of the Czechoslovak federation in 1992—to establish a new, democratic political culture. Unique in its balanced coverage of developments in both Czech and Slovak lands, including the Hungarian minority of southern Slovakia, this book looks beyond Prague and Bratislava to collective action in small towns, provincial factories, and collective farms. The book contends that Czechoslovaks rejected Communism not because it was socialist, but because it was arbitrarily bureaucratic and inhumane. The restoration of a basic “humanness”—in politics and in daily relations among citizens—was the central goal of the revolution. In the strikes and demonstrations that began in the last weeks of 1989, the book argues, citizens forged new symbols and a new symbolic system to reflect the humane, democratic, and nonviolent community they sought to create. Tracing the course of the revolution from early, idealistic euphoria through turns to radicalism and ultimately subversive reaction, the book finds in Czechoslovakia's experiences lessons of both inspiration and caution for people in other countries striving to democratize their governments.Less
As a history of Czechoslovakia's “gentle revolution,” this book shifts the focus away from elites to ordinary citizens who endeavored—from the outbreak of revolution in 1989 to the demise of the Czechoslovak federation in 1992—to establish a new, democratic political culture. Unique in its balanced coverage of developments in both Czech and Slovak lands, including the Hungarian minority of southern Slovakia, this book looks beyond Prague and Bratislava to collective action in small towns, provincial factories, and collective farms. The book contends that Czechoslovaks rejected Communism not because it was socialist, but because it was arbitrarily bureaucratic and inhumane. The restoration of a basic “humanness”—in politics and in daily relations among citizens—was the central goal of the revolution. In the strikes and demonstrations that began in the last weeks of 1989, the book argues, citizens forged new symbols and a new symbolic system to reflect the humane, democratic, and nonviolent community they sought to create. Tracing the course of the revolution from early, idealistic euphoria through turns to radicalism and ultimately subversive reaction, the book finds in Czechoslovakia's experiences lessons of both inspiration and caution for people in other countries striving to democratize their governments.
Ivy G. Wilson
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195337372
- eISBN:
- 9780199896929
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195337372.003.0003
- Subject:
- Literature, African-American Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
This chapter illustrates how Brown's understanding of the oratorical forms of rhetoric including addresses, debates, and speeches depends upon recognizing how he distinguishes “rhetoric proper” from ...
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This chapter illustrates how Brown's understanding of the oratorical forms of rhetoric including addresses, debates, and speeches depends upon recognizing how he distinguishes “rhetoric proper” from the “merely rhetorical.” By examining the various modes of rhetoric in Clotel (1853) from formal speeches to seemingly mundane songs, it outlines an African American engagement with the Declaration of Independence and Patrick Henry's maxim to contest the institution of chattel slavery. Central to the book's larger claims about how blacks participated in the civic sphere and as an example of what Harriet Mullen has called “resistant orality,” the chapter underscores Brown's use of the slave Sam's ostensibly rudimentary and unskillful song as a model for how Brown's own novel itself assumes the form of political discourse.Less
This chapter illustrates how Brown's understanding of the oratorical forms of rhetoric including addresses, debates, and speeches depends upon recognizing how he distinguishes “rhetoric proper” from the “merely rhetorical.” By examining the various modes of rhetoric in Clotel (1853) from formal speeches to seemingly mundane songs, it outlines an African American engagement with the Declaration of Independence and Patrick Henry's maxim to contest the institution of chattel slavery. Central to the book's larger claims about how blacks participated in the civic sphere and as an example of what Harriet Mullen has called “resistant orality,” the chapter underscores Brown's use of the slave Sam's ostensibly rudimentary and unskillful song as a model for how Brown's own novel itself assumes the form of political discourse.
Michael V. Metz
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780252042416
- eISBN:
- 9780252051258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042416.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change
Numerous university faculty appeared at the board of trustees meeting, declared support for DuBois Club recognition, and stated there was no evidence to deem the club subversive and that the ...
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Numerous university faculty appeared at the board of trustees meeting, declared support for DuBois Club recognition, and stated there was no evidence to deem the club subversive and that the university’s educational environment required an open exchange of ideas. The board’s own subcommittee agreed and also recommended approval. The board voted to accept these recommendations and allow the university to recognize the club. Politicians and newspaper editorial writers immediately attacked the decision. President Henry supported the decision.Less
Numerous university faculty appeared at the board of trustees meeting, declared support for DuBois Club recognition, and stated there was no evidence to deem the club subversive and that the university’s educational environment required an open exchange of ideas. The board’s own subcommittee agreed and also recommended approval. The board voted to accept these recommendations and allow the university to recognize the club. Politicians and newspaper editorial writers immediately attacked the decision. President Henry supported the decision.
Vivienne J. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199563814
- eISBN:
- 9780191724954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563814.003.0002
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 1 introduces key concepts of Xenophon's theory of leadership, illustrating them mainly from the Socratic works. The second part surveys Xenophon's application of some of these key concepts ...
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Chapter 1 introduces key concepts of Xenophon's theory of leadership, illustrating them mainly from the Socratic works. The second part surveys Xenophon's application of some of these key concepts over the range of his narrative works and offers an ‘innocent’ reading of those works, and then previews a method of reading that arises from this survey and will inform the rest of the book. The third part traces the history of the darker readings of his images of power and demonstrates the challenges these pose to the earlier ‘innocent’ readings.Less
Chapter 1 introduces key concepts of Xenophon's theory of leadership, illustrating them mainly from the Socratic works. The second part surveys Xenophon's application of some of these key concepts over the range of his narrative works and offers an ‘innocent’ reading of those works, and then previews a method of reading that arises from this survey and will inform the rest of the book. The third part traces the history of the darker readings of his images of power and demonstrates the challenges these pose to the earlier ‘innocent’ readings.
Vivienne J. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199563814
- eISBN:
- 9780191724954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563814.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 5 investigates the methods behind darker readings of Cyropaedia, using the results of the previous investigations of formulaic scenes and the adaptations of his literary predecessors, and ...
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Chapter 5 investigates the methods behind darker readings of Cyropaedia, using the results of the previous investigations of formulaic scenes and the adaptations of his literary predecessors, and begins by reading the epilogue to that work as a patterned narrative of decline that creates a rhetorical argument designed to support the praise of Cyrus. This chapter then engages directly with ironical readings of significant passages from Cyropaedia and makes a case that Xenophon is not unaware of the complexities of leadership but gives no purchase for darker readings, that he set himself a challenge in turning a Persian king into an ideal leader against the historical realities of Persian kingship, but that this was a challenge he relished and needed to overcome to prove that his leadership theory explained the success not just of smaller communities but of the greatest empire the world had ever known.Less
Chapter 5 investigates the methods behind darker readings of Cyropaedia, using the results of the previous investigations of formulaic scenes and the adaptations of his literary predecessors, and begins by reading the epilogue to that work as a patterned narrative of decline that creates a rhetorical argument designed to support the praise of Cyrus. This chapter then engages directly with ironical readings of significant passages from Cyropaedia and makes a case that Xenophon is not unaware of the complexities of leadership but gives no purchase for darker readings, that he set himself a challenge in turning a Persian king into an ideal leader against the historical realities of Persian kingship, but that this was a challenge he relished and needed to overcome to prove that his leadership theory explained the success not just of smaller communities but of the greatest empire the world had ever known.
Vivienne J. Gray
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199563814
- eISBN:
- 9780191724954
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563814.003.0008
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
Chapter 7 offers studies in Xenophon's Socratic ironies that the modern ironical readings leave untouched, as well as ironies from Anabasis and Cyropaedia and Hellenica. It is argued that the bulk of ...
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Chapter 7 offers studies in Xenophon's Socratic ironies that the modern ironical readings leave untouched, as well as ironies from Anabasis and Cyropaedia and Hellenica. It is argued that the bulk of the ironies presented in these works are very different from the darker ironies. Xenophon anticipates Aristotle in producing a theory of humour that places irony in the spectrum of truth and lies as well as treating it as the most correct and improving form of play for educated people in Symposium. In Oeconomicus he uses irony for very complex pedagogical purposes.Less
Chapter 7 offers studies in Xenophon's Socratic ironies that the modern ironical readings leave untouched, as well as ironies from Anabasis and Cyropaedia and Hellenica. It is argued that the bulk of the ironies presented in these works are very different from the darker ironies. Xenophon anticipates Aristotle in producing a theory of humour that places irony in the spectrum of truth and lies as well as treating it as the most correct and improving form of play for educated people in Symposium. In Oeconomicus he uses irony for very complex pedagogical purposes.
Virginia R. Domínguez and Jane C. Desmond (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040832
- eISBN:
- 9780252099335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change
This essay is a response to Giorgio Mariani’s essay in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It empathizes with Mariani’s frustrations with the constant replay and repetitions of ...
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This essay is a response to Giorgio Mariani’s essay in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It empathizes with Mariani’s frustrations with the constant replay and repetitions of tired, over-used, and hypocritical discursive games between liberals and conservatives all over Europe with respect to “anti-Americanism.” But, contra Mariani, Broeck asks why he doesn’t just proudly proclaim anti-Americanism as an act of defiance against Americanism, identitarian pressure, exceptionalism and nationalism. This essay suggests that it is best to focus on subversive movements and discourses like the Black Atlantic and Black Power.Less
This essay is a response to Giorgio Mariani’s essay in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It empathizes with Mariani’s frustrations with the constant replay and repetitions of tired, over-used, and hypocritical discursive games between liberals and conservatives all over Europe with respect to “anti-Americanism.” But, contra Mariani, Broeck asks why he doesn’t just proudly proclaim anti-Americanism as an act of defiance against Americanism, identitarian pressure, exceptionalism and nationalism. This essay suggests that it is best to focus on subversive movements and discourses like the Black Atlantic and Black Power.
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940780
- eISBN:
- 9781786945013
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
Following an examination of existing diverse Spanish discourses in the period that reproduce concepts developed in the Western tradition Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature: ...
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Following an examination of existing diverse Spanish discourses in the period that reproduce concepts developed in the Western tradition Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature: Prostitutes, Aging Women and Saints concludes that the pejorative creation of the woman's body is the epitome of early modern disability. The devalued representations of women’s corporality in literary texts are the consequence of specific ideologies and social structures of a Spanish society that need to symbolically castrate and eliminate the impure and defective groups –subversive women, moriscos, conversos-- that could potentially upset the power hierarchy. Ultimately, the early modern discourses and literary texts examined in this book demonstrate a fear of somatic otherness that undermines the system.Less
Following an examination of existing diverse Spanish discourses in the period that reproduce concepts developed in the Western tradition Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature: Prostitutes, Aging Women and Saints concludes that the pejorative creation of the woman's body is the epitome of early modern disability. The devalued representations of women’s corporality in literary texts are the consequence of specific ideologies and social structures of a Spanish society that need to symbolically castrate and eliminate the impure and defective groups –subversive women, moriscos, conversos-- that could potentially upset the power hierarchy. Ultimately, the early modern discourses and literary texts examined in this book demonstrate a fear of somatic otherness that undermines the system.
