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This chapter begins with a discussion of “metrical progressions” — successions of metrical states within pieces of music — and presents a method for the notation of metrical progressions in the form of a metrical map. Metrical maps are time-lines of musical works that use the system of labels outlined in the second chapter, and that show the changes of metrical state and changes of intensity of dissonance in the given work. The final part of the chapter, drawing on the categories of dissonance outlined in the second chapter, describes a number of metrical processes — processes of moving from consonance to dissonance (abrupt or gradual establishment of dissonance); processes within a dissonant state; and processes of moving from dissonance to consonance (processes of resolution). The largest number of these processes takes place within dissonant states: processes of intensification; of surfacing or submerging; of augmentation and diminution; and, in displacement dissonances, of tightening and loosening. Again, all of these processes are illustrated with passages from Schumann's music.

This chapter discusses allusions in the Second Branch of the Mabinogi, Branwen, to Irish geography: the former rivers between Britain and Ireland called Lli and the Archan and the submerged kingdoms; the river Liffey and Dublin; and the origin story of the ‘five fifths of Ireland’. The last is compared with Lebor Gabála Érenn and Giraldus Cambrensis, with the Lot story in Genesis 19, with the stories of Cairbre Cattchenn and Túathal Techtmar, and with the ‘Treachery at Scone’.

Terrestrial, wetland, and underwater sediment types are the focus of chapter 2, and no consideration of stratigraphy would be complete without their examination. Archaeological research has reached the point now that inundated sites are as much a part of the archaeological vocabulary as land sites have been. It is important to realize, for example, that the territorial extent of the Floridan Aquifer in the Southeast Coastal Plain also encompasses one of the major concentrations of Paleoindian sites in the Southeast. This aquifer, an important potable water source, is held in Tertiary limestones that are also chert bearing, making them an important toolmaking resource. Unlike land sites in the Southeast, which typically do not present preserved organic materials, wetland and submerged sites frequently offer preserved bone and organic materials, including plant seeds and wood. Sedimentation in karst rivers is most often neutral to slightly alkaline, whereas most upland sites lie buried in acidic sand. Lake and channel-fill deposits are important receptacles of preservation and will be the focus of future investigations. The rivers and lakes in Florida and the extreme Southeast are of great significance because they do not have their headwaters emanating from mountains and therefore provide us with an excellent record of late Pleistocene environments.

The men in Poseidon’s forward torpedo compartment were lucky, and not just because they were still alive. When the submarine came to rest on the Gulf of Pechihli’s muddy bottom, the watertight door began to leak. It took all six of the navy men to shut it, and even then water still flowed in. Reginald Clarke in particular strained to close the door, and took a few minutes to recover. A gauge said they had sunk in 126 feet (38 meters) of water. The men had only trained on the Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus (DSEA) prior to deployment in a fifteen-foot (five meter) tank at Fort Blockhouse. Still, they were within the device’s rescue parameters.

Especially given the debate over the timing and means of prehistoric human colonization of the Western Hemisphere, the search for submerged archaeological sites on the sea floor is critical. This chapter reflects on previous chapters in addressing how future researches might find these underwater sites by using methodologies that are both geologically and anthropologically theoretical, including utilizing big data and emerging technologies to examine the sea floor.

This chapter focuses on the scattering of surface gravity waves by islands, reefs, and barriers. Surface gravity waves that propagate from the deep ocean to coastal regions may be strongly amplified by reflection, refraction, diffraction, and shoaling due to variation in water depth. Analytical solutions provide an attractive approach to studies on wave scattering, but they are obtainable for only special topographies and simple governing equations. The chapter considers long surface gravity waves (linear shallow water waves) such that the depth of the water is much greater than the vertical free surface displacement and the wavelength is much larger than the depth. The fluid equations are derived directly for the present context. The discussion covers trapped waves, the scattering or S-matrix, submerged circular islands, edge waves on a sloping beach, one-dimensional edge waves on a constant slope, and wave amplication by a sloping beach.

This chapter demonstrates how Toomer's critique of capitalist modernity comes to the fore in part 2 of Cane. Situated mostly in the nation's capital, the stories and poems here call into question the limitations of metonymic nationalism; if the liberation of the submerged masses is to occur, it will have to be part of a worldwide “heaving upward” of the underground races of the globe. Yet the exchange relation is also shown to dominate each and every human interaction; the very spaces within which modern city dwellers work, live, and revel are confined and constrained by a universal commodification that compels critical commentary. Faced with the task of representing this contradictory modern reality is the figure of the New Negro as artist.

This chapter considers what may be the most influential assumption underlying the ambulatory thesis—a belief that the conditions set out in the baselines provisions require satisfaction on a continuing basis. The same assumption is at work in claims that geographical change will precipitate a loss of entitlement to maritime space where such entitlement appertains to a feature defined in geographical terms—e.g. an island or archipelago. This (implicit) line of reasoning raises broad questions relating to intertemporality, which Max Huber’s distinction between the creation and subsistence of rights helps to both clarify and answer. This chapter explores a legal distinction between the creation and continuing existence of entitlement to maritime space and the construction and subsistence of maritime limits and boundaries. It also considers the conditions in which territorial sovereignty and statehood may be lost, offering a new analysis of the significance of effectiveness in this context.

This chapter examines the consumer citizen and trust in government. Approaching citizens as consumer citizens can affect trust in government. Increases in trust can be obtained by using “operational transparency,” a concept from social psychology and management. Higher levels of operational transparency can make consumers more loyal and supportive of companies. An experiment conducted with the consumer psychologists who pioneered operational transparency makes clear that a similar dynamic can affect trust in government. When people see a computer simulation of the construction of a generic American town dubbed “Anytown” that meets the standards of operational transparency, their trust in government shoots up. However, as an additional experiment shows, when applied to governmental processes, operational transparency can reduce trust in government.

This chapter discusses the challenges faced by Obama as he sought to reform social welfare policy, and how these may likely curtail the perceived and actual political effectiveness even of his policy successes. It focuses on tax expenditures and higher education policy, and also gives some attention to health care reform. It shows that the nature of the submerged state requires reformers to reveal its existence and how it functions to the public. To the extent that Obama has done this, it helped to facilitate the accomplishment of his goals. Yet several of the reforms that his administration has accomplished expand the submerged state further, which means that the dynamics it promulgates are likely to continue rather than to diminish.