R. D. Grillo
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294269
- eISBN:
- 9780191599378
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294263.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The early patrimonial states of pre‐colonial Africa studied by anthropologists were usually polyethnic in character, subjectively perceived by rulers and ruled to be comprised of different peoples. ...
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The early patrimonial states of pre‐colonial Africa studied by anthropologists were usually polyethnic in character, subjectively perceived by rulers and ruled to be comprised of different peoples. Nonetheless, ethnicity did not generally constitute a problem. Detailed case studies of the Alur of Uganda, a classic example of a segmentary state, the Azande of Central Africa, and the Nupe of Nigeria, which had a more unitary structure, show that rulers were engaged in ‘extractive’ rather than ‘normative’ mobilization, as Azarya calls it. They were generally not concerned with much beyond maintaining their power and that of their immediate families, and extracting sufficient resources from their followers to enable them to do so, while ensuring that those followers were not driven by their demands to take their allegiance elsewhere. In this context, citizenship was subjecthood, and rulers had little interest in promoting a common identity or their own culture.Less
The early patrimonial states of pre‐colonial Africa studied by anthropologists were usually polyethnic in character, subjectively perceived by rulers and ruled to be comprised of different peoples. Nonetheless, ethnicity did not generally constitute a problem. Detailed case studies of the Alur of Uganda, a classic example of a segmentary state, the Azande of Central Africa, and the Nupe of Nigeria, which had a more unitary structure, show that rulers were engaged in ‘extractive’ rather than ‘normative’ mobilization, as Azarya calls it. They were generally not concerned with much beyond maintaining their power and that of their immediate families, and extracting sufficient resources from their followers to enable them to do so, while ensuring that those followers were not driven by their demands to take their allegiance elsewhere. In this context, citizenship was subjecthood, and rulers had little interest in promoting a common identity or their own culture.
Brooke N. Newman
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780300225556
- eISBN:
- 9780300240979
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300225556.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
Focusing on Jamaica, Britain’s most valuable colony in the Americas by the mid-eighteenth century, A Dark Inheritance explores the relationship between racial classifications and the inherited rights ...
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Focusing on Jamaica, Britain’s most valuable colony in the Americas by the mid-eighteenth century, A Dark Inheritance explores the relationship between racial classifications and the inherited rights and privileges associated with British subject status. Brooke Newman reveals the centrality of notions of blood and blood mixture to evolving racial definitions and sexual practices in colonial Jamaica and to legal and political debates over slavery and the rights of imperial subjects on both sides of the Atlantic. Weaving together a diverse range of sources, Newman shows how colonial racial ideologies rooted in fictions of blood ancestry at once justified permanent, hereditary slavery for Africans and barred members of certain marginalized groups from laying claim to British liberties on the basis of hereditary status. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that challenges to an Atlantic slave system underpinned by distinctions of blood had far-reaching consequences for British understandings of race, gender, and national belonging.Less
Focusing on Jamaica, Britain’s most valuable colony in the Americas by the mid-eighteenth century, A Dark Inheritance explores the relationship between racial classifications and the inherited rights and privileges associated with British subject status. Brooke Newman reveals the centrality of notions of blood and blood mixture to evolving racial definitions and sexual practices in colonial Jamaica and to legal and political debates over slavery and the rights of imperial subjects on both sides of the Atlantic. Weaving together a diverse range of sources, Newman shows how colonial racial ideologies rooted in fictions of blood ancestry at once justified permanent, hereditary slavery for Africans and barred members of certain marginalized groups from laying claim to British liberties on the basis of hereditary status. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that challenges to an Atlantic slave system underpinned by distinctions of blood had far-reaching consequences for British understandings of race, gender, and national belonging.
Dawn Oliver
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199566181
- eISBN:
- 9780191705458
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199566181.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter discusses four constitutional transitions that have been taking place in the UK: transitions from a political towards a principled constitution, from government to governance, from ...
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This chapter discusses four constitutional transitions that have been taking place in the UK: transitions from a political towards a principled constitution, from government to governance, from quasi-subjecthood to quasi-citizenship, and from unionism to separatism.Less
This chapter discusses four constitutional transitions that have been taking place in the UK: transitions from a political towards a principled constitution, from government to governance, from quasi-subjecthood to quasi-citizenship, and from unionism to separatism.
Gul Ozyegin
- Published in print:
- 1937
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780814762349
- eISBN:
- 9780814762356
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9780814762349.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Contesting the boundary between private religiosity and public secularism in Turkey, the women whose accounts make up this chapter seek to develop identities that are consciously Muslim, public, ...
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Contesting the boundary between private religiosity and public secularism in Turkey, the women whose accounts make up this chapter seek to develop identities that are consciously Muslim, public, educated, and cosmopolitan. Although the majority of the women were raised in secularly Muslim households where female family members were not religiously covered, all have adopted the Islamic headscarf as means of constructing and communicating their piousness. Subject to a ban in schools and public offices, the headscarf emerges as a salient symbol in this chapter - both of the women's renunciation of their parents' acquiescence to state secularism and of their attempts to publicly challenge the stereotype of devout Muslims as uneducated and backwards. Preoccupations with love and romance form a critical dimension of these women's self-making. Because the enactment of love must lead to marriage, these women see falling in love as a threat to the continuation of their elite education. Yet paradoxically, because in Islam women achieve full subjecthood only through marriage and motherhood, finding a suitable partner - one who is consciously Muslim, open-minded, and with whom passionate love can be shared - centrally occupies these women's projects of becoming a new type of devout MuslimLess
Contesting the boundary between private religiosity and public secularism in Turkey, the women whose accounts make up this chapter seek to develop identities that are consciously Muslim, public, educated, and cosmopolitan. Although the majority of the women were raised in secularly Muslim households where female family members were not religiously covered, all have adopted the Islamic headscarf as means of constructing and communicating their piousness. Subject to a ban in schools and public offices, the headscarf emerges as a salient symbol in this chapter - both of the women's renunciation of their parents' acquiescence to state secularism and of their attempts to publicly challenge the stereotype of devout Muslims as uneducated and backwards. Preoccupations with love and romance form a critical dimension of these women's self-making. Because the enactment of love must lead to marriage, these women see falling in love as a threat to the continuation of their elite education. Yet paradoxically, because in Islam women achieve full subjecthood only through marriage and motherhood, finding a suitable partner - one who is consciously Muslim, open-minded, and with whom passionate love can be shared - centrally occupies these women's projects of becoming a new type of devout Muslim
Moshe Sluhovsky
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780226472850
- eISBN:
- 9780226473048
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226473048.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Early Christian monastic spiritual practices of self-formation became increasingly popular in late medieval and early modern Catholicism. Now, for the first time in the history of Christian ...
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Early Christian monastic spiritual practices of self-formation became increasingly popular in late medieval and early modern Catholicism. Now, for the first time in the history of Christian spirituality, religious orders, first and foremost among them Franciscans and Jesuits, trained devout people, men and women, lay and religious, in practices of meditation, introspection, and subjectivization. Thousands, if not ten of thousands of lay people now acquired techniques of self examination that enabled them to pursue life goals and transform themselves. The book examines four of the major spiritual practices of the period, traces their history, diffusion, and the challenges they presented to clerical authority. Spiritual direction and general confession, two of the practices of self-formation discussed in the book, served as safety belts to guarantee that practitioners remained subjected to the teachings of the church. But spiritual exercises, general examination of conscience, and general confession supplied practitioners with techniques of self-construction and self -affirmation. Using insights from Michel Foucault's later work on practices of truth-telling and subjectivization, the book proposes the first systematic investigation of the complexity of subjectivization in early modern Catholicism as both a mechanism of self-formation and of subjugationLess
Early Christian monastic spiritual practices of self-formation became increasingly popular in late medieval and early modern Catholicism. Now, for the first time in the history of Christian spirituality, religious orders, first and foremost among them Franciscans and Jesuits, trained devout people, men and women, lay and religious, in practices of meditation, introspection, and subjectivization. Thousands, if not ten of thousands of lay people now acquired techniques of self examination that enabled them to pursue life goals and transform themselves. The book examines four of the major spiritual practices of the period, traces their history, diffusion, and the challenges they presented to clerical authority. Spiritual direction and general confession, two of the practices of self-formation discussed in the book, served as safety belts to guarantee that practitioners remained subjected to the teachings of the church. But spiritual exercises, general examination of conscience, and general confession supplied practitioners with techniques of self-construction and self -affirmation. Using insights from Michel Foucault's later work on practices of truth-telling and subjectivization, the book proposes the first systematic investigation of the complexity of subjectivization in early modern Catholicism as both a mechanism of self-formation and of subjugation
Michael V. Wedin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199253081
- eISBN:
- 9780191598647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199253080.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
Wedin considers the problem of the compatibility of the Categories account of primary substance with the theory of substantial form of the Metaphysics. Wedin collects from the secondary literature ...
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Wedin considers the problem of the compatibility of the Categories account of primary substance with the theory of substantial form of the Metaphysics. Wedin collects from the secondary literature the most important arguments for incompatibilism, and offers some proposals for restoring their harmony. While admitting the evident differences in the way Aristotle treats the question of substance in each treatise, Wedin is keen to argue that these differences are not sufficient to conclude that the treatises are incompatible. Wedin singles out for particular attention, and criticism, Michael Frede and Gunther Patzig's account of Metaphysics Zeta, according to which the primary substance of the Metaphysics and the basic subject of predications is the form. Wedin considers two ‘philosophical’ arguments and one ‘Aristotelian’ argument for the subjecthood of forms, and argues that the textual evidence does not support the claim that form is the subject of accidents.Less
Wedin considers the problem of the compatibility of the Categories account of primary substance with the theory of substantial form of the Metaphysics. Wedin collects from the secondary literature the most important arguments for incompatibilism, and offers some proposals for restoring their harmony. While admitting the evident differences in the way Aristotle treats the question of substance in each treatise, Wedin is keen to argue that these differences are not sufficient to conclude that the treatises are incompatible. Wedin singles out for particular attention, and criticism, Michael Frede and Gunther Patzig's account of Metaphysics Zeta, according to which the primary substance of the Metaphysics and the basic subject of predications is the form. Wedin considers two ‘philosophical’ arguments and one ‘Aristotelian’ argument for the subjecthood of forms, and argues that the textual evidence does not support the claim that form is the subject of accidents.
Michael V. Wedin
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199253081
- eISBN:
- 9780191598647
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199253080.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy
In the Metaphysics, Aristotle often says that ‘form is substance’: in this chapter, Wedin argues that ‘substance’ in this context means the ‘substance‐of’ c‐substances. Wedin begins by examining ...
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In the Metaphysics, Aristotle often says that ‘form is substance’: in this chapter, Wedin argues that ‘substance’ in this context means the ‘substance‐of’ c‐substances. Wedin begins by examining Aristotle's use, and retention, of the framework of the Categories in Metaphysics Zeta (Z.1), before turning to discuss Z.3, which is crucial to understanding the relation between the Categories and Metaphysics theories of substance, because it is usually thought that here Aristotle departs from the substance of the Categories. Wedin denies that Z.3 involves a rejection of the Categories subjecthood criterion for primary substance: Aristotle rejects only the claim that one thing is the substance of another simply if it is the primary underlying subject of the other. Wedin argues that in Z.3 Aristotle introduces the idea of the ‘substance‐of’ a thing, and identifies as candidates for the substance of c‐substances the internal structural components form, matter, and the compound of form and matter.Less
In the Metaphysics, Aristotle often says that ‘form is substance’: in this chapter, Wedin argues that ‘substance’ in this context means the ‘substance‐of’ c‐substances. Wedin begins by examining Aristotle's use, and retention, of the framework of the Categories in Metaphysics Zeta (Z.1), before turning to discuss Z.3, which is crucial to understanding the relation between the Categories and Metaphysics theories of substance, because it is usually thought that here Aristotle departs from the substance of the Categories. Wedin denies that Z.3 involves a rejection of the Categories subjecthood criterion for primary substance: Aristotle rejects only the claim that one thing is the substance of another simply if it is the primary underlying subject of the other. Wedin argues that in Z.3 Aristotle introduces the idea of the ‘substance‐of’ a thing, and identifies as candidates for the substance of c‐substances the internal structural components form, matter, and the compound of form and matter.
E. Natalie Rothman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449079
- eISBN:
- 9780801463112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449079.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This afterword argues that the practices of mediation, classification, and demarcation elaborated by trans-imperial subjects in early modern Venice constituted important elements in the genealogy of ...
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This afterword argues that the practices of mediation, classification, and demarcation elaborated by trans-imperial subjects in early modern Venice constituted important elements in the genealogy of Enlightenment anthropology and the nascent discipline of Orientalism. In particular, eighteenth-century Orientalists, who articulated taxonomies of Mediterranean peoples based on language, ritual, and custom, relied on the efforts of their trans-imperial forebears in the previous two centuries to institutionalize their specialized knowledge of things Ottoman in several European metropoles. The scientific study of Ottoman culture depended on the development of commercial and diplomatic institutions that facilitated the production and circulation of specific kinds of knowledge across linguistic and political boundaries. The concept of trans-imperial subjects raises important questions about prevailing notions of early modern coloniality, citizenship, and subjecthood.Less
This afterword argues that the practices of mediation, classification, and demarcation elaborated by trans-imperial subjects in early modern Venice constituted important elements in the genealogy of Enlightenment anthropology and the nascent discipline of Orientalism. In particular, eighteenth-century Orientalists, who articulated taxonomies of Mediterranean peoples based on language, ritual, and custom, relied on the efforts of their trans-imperial forebears in the previous two centuries to institutionalize their specialized knowledge of things Ottoman in several European metropoles. The scientific study of Ottoman culture depended on the development of commercial and diplomatic institutions that facilitated the production and circulation of specific kinds of knowledge across linguistic and political boundaries. The concept of trans-imperial subjects raises important questions about prevailing notions of early modern coloniality, citizenship, and subjecthood.
Michail Peramatzis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199588350
- eISBN:
- 9780191728877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588350.003.0010
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The notion of priority in being [PIB] set out in Chapter 8 successfully accommodates the discussion developed in Metaphysics Δ.11, while priority in existence [PIE] faces serious problems, if it does ...
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The notion of priority in being [PIB] set out in Chapter 8 successfully accommodates the discussion developed in Metaphysics Δ.11, while priority in existence [PIE] faces serious problems, if it does not completely fail. The argument for this thesis is twofold. (i) While the notions of subjecthood, potential being and actual being, as introduced in Metaphysics Δ.11 and set out in the wider context of Metaphysics Δ, render [PIE] problematic, they work well in the framework of [PIB]. (ii) The distinctions drawn in Metaphysics Δ.11 between priority in respect of potential being or destruction and priority in respect of actual being or generation, and the examples offered to clarify these distinctions clearly favour [PIB] as an understanding of the relevant types of ontological priority. By contrast, [PIE] does not seem to work satisfactorily.Less
The notion of priority in being [PIB] set out in Chapter 8 successfully accommodates the discussion developed in Metaphysics Δ.11, while priority in existence [PIE] faces serious problems, if it does not completely fail. The argument for this thesis is twofold. (i) While the notions of subjecthood, potential being and actual being, as introduced in Metaphysics Δ.11 and set out in the wider context of Metaphysics Δ, render [PIE] problematic, they work well in the framework of [PIB]. (ii) The distinctions drawn in Metaphysics Δ.11 between priority in respect of potential being or destruction and priority in respect of actual being or generation, and the examples offered to clarify these distinctions clearly favour [PIB] as an understanding of the relevant types of ontological priority. By contrast, [PIE] does not seem to work satisfactorily.
Michail Peramatzis
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199588350
- eISBN:
- 9780191728877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588350.003.0011
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Ancient Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
It is argued that Aristotelian particular substances are ontologically prior to derivative entities such as non‐substance attributes and accidental compounds. Their ontological priority is specified ...
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It is argued that Aristotelian particular substances are ontologically prior to derivative entities such as non‐substance attributes and accidental compounds. Their ontological priority is specified as a qualified form of [PIB] grounded on the notion of ultimate subjecthood. As ultimate subjects that other things are said of or are present in, particular substances make non‐substance attributes the types of predicable entity that they are but not conversely. This sort of asymmetry, however, is importantly different from their alleged capacity for existing independently of non‐substance attributes (but not conversely). The primacy of particular substance consists in an attenuated notion of [PIB] in which it makes non‐substance entities the generic types of being that they are, i.e. predicable attributes. This predicational version of [PIB] could offer an attractive, unified picture of Aristotelian ontological priority.Less
It is argued that Aristotelian particular substances are ontologically prior to derivative entities such as non‐substance attributes and accidental compounds. Their ontological priority is specified as a qualified form of [PIB] grounded on the notion of ultimate subjecthood. As ultimate subjects that other things are said of or are present in, particular substances make non‐substance attributes the types of predicable entity that they are but not conversely. This sort of asymmetry, however, is importantly different from their alleged capacity for existing independently of non‐substance attributes (but not conversely). The primacy of particular substance consists in an attenuated notion of [PIB] in which it makes non‐substance entities the generic types of being that they are, i.e. predicable attributes. This predicational version of [PIB] could offer an attractive, unified picture of Aristotelian ontological priority.
Lauren Benton
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199599875
- eISBN:
- 9780191595813
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199599875.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter begins with a brief overview of the imperial and maritime contexts of the years when Gentili was engaged at the Court of Admiralty. It then considers Gentili's arguments about the ...
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This chapter begins with a brief overview of the imperial and maritime contexts of the years when Gentili was engaged at the Court of Admiralty. It then considers Gentili's arguments about the extension of English subjecthood and jurisdiction into ocean space and about the legal identity of the dependent states of the Ottoman empire. A concluding section comments on the importance of Gentili's more mundane arguments about maritime law to his innovative and analytically deeper commentary on empire as a legal problem.Less
This chapter begins with a brief overview of the imperial and maritime contexts of the years when Gentili was engaged at the Court of Admiralty. It then considers Gentili's arguments about the extension of English subjecthood and jurisdiction into ocean space and about the legal identity of the dependent states of the Ottoman empire. A concluding section comments on the importance of Gentili's more mundane arguments about maritime law to his innovative and analytically deeper commentary on empire as a legal problem.
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520218451
- eISBN:
- 9780520922792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520218451.003.0006
- Subject:
- History, Middle East History
This chapter tells the story of the most sustained popular mobilization in nineteenth-century Mount Lebanon, recognizing from the outset that it is implicated in another tale of the unfolding of the ...
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This chapter tells the story of the most sustained popular mobilization in nineteenth-century Mount Lebanon, recognizing from the outset that it is implicated in another tale of the unfolding of the Tanzimat. It begins with a discussion of a crisis in local representation that was sparked by the revolt, by examining rebel demands and the Khazin reaction to the rebellion. The chapter elaborates on the implications of Shahin's movement for modern Ottoman subjecthood (and citizenship) by analyzing Ottoman responses to the rebellion. It aims to depict the overlapping social and religious layers and the limits inherent in modern sectarian identity.Less
This chapter tells the story of the most sustained popular mobilization in nineteenth-century Mount Lebanon, recognizing from the outset that it is implicated in another tale of the unfolding of the Tanzimat. It begins with a discussion of a crisis in local representation that was sparked by the revolt, by examining rebel demands and the Khazin reaction to the rebellion. The chapter elaborates on the implications of Shahin's movement for modern Ottoman subjecthood (and citizenship) by analyzing Ottoman responses to the rebellion. It aims to depict the overlapping social and religious layers and the limits inherent in modern sectarian identity.
Leo Shtutin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- April 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198821854
- eISBN:
- 9780191860980
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198821854.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This study explores the interrelationship between spatiality and subjecthood in the work of Stéphane Mallarmé, Guillaume Apollinaire, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Alfred Jarry. Concerned with various ...
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This study explores the interrelationship between spatiality and subjecthood in the work of Stéphane Mallarmé, Guillaume Apollinaire, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Alfred Jarry. Concerned with various modes of poetry and drama, it also examines the cross-pollination that can occur between these modes, focusing on a relatively narrow corpus of core texts: Mallarmé’s Igitur (c.1867–70) and Un coup de dés (1897); Apollinaire’s ‘Zone’ (1912) and various of his calligrammes; Maeterlinck’s early one-act plays—L’Intruse (1890), Les Aveugles (1890), and Intérieur (1894); and Jarry’s Ubu roi (1896) and César-Antechrist (1895). The poetic and dramatic practices of these four authors are assessed against the broader cultural and philosophical contexts of the fin de siècle. The fin de siècle witnessed a profound epistemological shift: the Newtonian–Cartesian paradigm, increasingly challenged throughout the nineteenth century, was largely dismantled, with ramifications beyond physics, philosophy and psychology.Less
This study explores the interrelationship between spatiality and subjecthood in the work of Stéphane Mallarmé, Guillaume Apollinaire, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Alfred Jarry. Concerned with various modes of poetry and drama, it also examines the cross-pollination that can occur between these modes, focusing on a relatively narrow corpus of core texts: Mallarmé’s Igitur (c.1867–70) and Un coup de dés (1897); Apollinaire’s ‘Zone’ (1912) and various of his calligrammes; Maeterlinck’s early one-act plays—L’Intruse (1890), Les Aveugles (1890), and Intérieur (1894); and Jarry’s Ubu roi (1896) and César-Antechrist (1895). The poetic and dramatic practices of these four authors are assessed against the broader cultural and philosophical contexts of the fin de siècle. The fin de siècle witnessed a profound epistemological shift: the Newtonian–Cartesian paradigm, increasingly challenged throughout the nineteenth century, was largely dismantled, with ramifications beyond physics, philosophy and psychology.
Hannah Weiss Muller
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- July 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190465810
- eISBN:
- 9780190465841
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190465810.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History
In the aftermath of the Seven Years’ War, when a variety of conquered and ceded territories became part of an expanding British Empire, crucial struggles emerged about what it meant to be a “British ...
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In the aftermath of the Seven Years’ War, when a variety of conquered and ceded territories became part of an expanding British Empire, crucial struggles emerged about what it meant to be a “British subject.” In Grenada, Quebec, Minorca, Gibraltar, and Bengal, individuals debated the meanings and rights of subjecthood, with many capitalizing on legal ambiguities and local exigencies to secure access to political and economic benefits. In the hands of inhabitants and colonial administrators, subjecthood became a shared language, practice, and opportunity as individuals proclaimed their allegiance to the crown and laid claim to a corresponding set of protections. Approaching subjecthood as a protean and porous concept, rather than an immutable legal status, Subjects and Sovereigns demonstrates that it was precisely subjecthood’s fluidity and imprecision rendered it useful to a remarkably diverse group of individuals. This book revisits the traditional bond between subject and sovereign, arguing that this relationship endured as a powerful site for claims-making throughout the eighteenth century. Muller analyzes both legal understandings of subjecthood, as well as the popular tradition of declaring rights, to demonstrate why subjects believed they were entitled to make requests of their sovereign. She reconsiders narratives of upheaval and transformation during the Age of Revolution and insists on the relevance and utility of existing structures of state and sovereign. Emphasizing the stories of subjects who successfully leveraged their loyalty and negotiated their status, Subjects and Sovereign also explores how and why subjecthood remained an organizing and contested principle of the eighteenth-century British Empire.Less
In the aftermath of the Seven Years’ War, when a variety of conquered and ceded territories became part of an expanding British Empire, crucial struggles emerged about what it meant to be a “British subject.” In Grenada, Quebec, Minorca, Gibraltar, and Bengal, individuals debated the meanings and rights of subjecthood, with many capitalizing on legal ambiguities and local exigencies to secure access to political and economic benefits. In the hands of inhabitants and colonial administrators, subjecthood became a shared language, practice, and opportunity as individuals proclaimed their allegiance to the crown and laid claim to a corresponding set of protections. Approaching subjecthood as a protean and porous concept, rather than an immutable legal status, Subjects and Sovereigns demonstrates that it was precisely subjecthood’s fluidity and imprecision rendered it useful to a remarkably diverse group of individuals. This book revisits the traditional bond between subject and sovereign, arguing that this relationship endured as a powerful site for claims-making throughout the eighteenth century. Muller analyzes both legal understandings of subjecthood, as well as the popular tradition of declaring rights, to demonstrate why subjects believed they were entitled to make requests of their sovereign. She reconsiders narratives of upheaval and transformation during the Age of Revolution and insists on the relevance and utility of existing structures of state and sovereign. Emphasizing the stories of subjects who successfully leveraged their loyalty and negotiated their status, Subjects and Sovereign also explores how and why subjecthood remained an organizing and contested principle of the eighteenth-century British Empire.
Frances Babbage
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719067525
- eISBN:
- 9781781701782
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719067525.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Drama
According to Hélène Cixous, the very concept of ‘character’ is a straitjacket: promising subtlety, it is in the end always a reductive puzzle whereby the subject exists in order ‘to be figured out, ...
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According to Hélène Cixous, the very concept of ‘character’ is a straitjacket: promising subtlety, it is in the end always a reductive puzzle whereby the subject exists in order ‘to be figured out, understood, read’. Drawing on the thinking of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Jacques Lacan, this chapter explores re-visions that excavate and chart an almost wholly inner landscape: Demeter Beneath the Sand was created and performed in 1986 by Serena Sartori and Renata Coluccini, artists from Milan's Teatro del Sole; Cixous's The Name of Oedipus: Song of the Forbidden Body was originally performed in Avignon in 1978. Both plays depict mythical worlds and adopt archetypal imagery in studies of identity and subjecthood that make no explicit reference to a social frame. The chapter also considers The Perjured City, or The Awakening of the Furies, also by Cixous, produced in 1994 by the Théâtre du Soleil; the piece echoes some of the concerns of Cixous's earlier play, but uses myth to resituate the self and individual ethical choices within an overtly political realm.Less
According to Hélène Cixous, the very concept of ‘character’ is a straitjacket: promising subtlety, it is in the end always a reductive puzzle whereby the subject exists in order ‘to be figured out, understood, read’. Drawing on the thinking of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Jacques Lacan, this chapter explores re-visions that excavate and chart an almost wholly inner landscape: Demeter Beneath the Sand was created and performed in 1986 by Serena Sartori and Renata Coluccini, artists from Milan's Teatro del Sole; Cixous's The Name of Oedipus: Song of the Forbidden Body was originally performed in Avignon in 1978. Both plays depict mythical worlds and adopt archetypal imagery in studies of identity and subjecthood that make no explicit reference to a social frame. The chapter also considers The Perjured City, or The Awakening of the Furies, also by Cixous, produced in 1994 by the Théâtre du Soleil; the piece echoes some of the concerns of Cixous's earlier play, but uses myth to resituate the self and individual ethical choices within an overtly political realm.
E. Natalie Rothman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449079
- eISBN:
- 9780801463112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449079.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter considers the commercial activities of a range of trans-imperial subjects; including converts; returnees from Ottoman captivity; and Jewish, Armenian, and Greek commercial brokers in ...
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This chapter considers the commercial activities of a range of trans-imperial subjects; including converts; returnees from Ottoman captivity; and Jewish, Armenian, and Greek commercial brokers in Venice. It examines the development of commercial brokerage itself as a key link between the state and the marketplace, as well as between local and foreign. The chapter ends by outlining the emergence of the brokers’ guild and confraternity, and analyzing how differently positioned trans-imperial subjects petitioned to become brokers, what audience they imagined for their petitions, and what notions of Venetian society they invoked in them. The petitions expanded the meaning of membership well beyond the boundaries of legal citizenship. By paying close attention to these petitions’ narrative frames, one can gain a better understanding of how they articulated subjecthood in relationship to the political economy of early modern Venice and, more broadly, to the imperial and patrician dimensions of early modern statecraft.Less
This chapter considers the commercial activities of a range of trans-imperial subjects; including converts; returnees from Ottoman captivity; and Jewish, Armenian, and Greek commercial brokers in Venice. It examines the development of commercial brokerage itself as a key link between the state and the marketplace, as well as between local and foreign. The chapter ends by outlining the emergence of the brokers’ guild and confraternity, and analyzing how differently positioned trans-imperial subjects petitioned to become brokers, what audience they imagined for their petitions, and what notions of Venetian society they invoked in them. The petitions expanded the meaning of membership well beyond the boundaries of legal citizenship. By paying close attention to these petitions’ narrative frames, one can gain a better understanding of how they articulated subjecthood in relationship to the political economy of early modern Venice and, more broadly, to the imperial and patrician dimensions of early modern statecraft.
E. Natalie Rothman
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801449079
- eISBN:
- 9780801463112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801449079.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
This chapter examines different genres of converts’ life narratives to illustrate the contrasting ways in which Muslim, Jewish, and Protestant converts to Catholicism articulated the process of ...
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This chapter examines different genres of converts’ life narratives to illustrate the contrasting ways in which Muslim, Jewish, and Protestant converts to Catholicism articulated the process of conversion and the converted self. It also analyzes how the genres envisioned the relationship among religious conversion, juridical subjecthood, and political loyalty. The examination suggests how the conversion and converts’ subjectivity itself were articulated in different genres by looking at reports penned by Venetian representatives in Istanbul about renegades who had “turned Turk,” inquisitorial depositions by Protestant subjects and by Muslims of presumed Christian background who sought reconciliation with the Church, converts’ matrimonial examinations, and baptismal records. Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope reveals two prototypical accounts of the spatiotemporal process of conversion prevalent in narratives of conversion to Catholicism from Ottoman Islam and Protestantism, respectively, and point to the key role of Venetian institutions and intermediaries in articulating both.Less
This chapter examines different genres of converts’ life narratives to illustrate the contrasting ways in which Muslim, Jewish, and Protestant converts to Catholicism articulated the process of conversion and the converted self. It also analyzes how the genres envisioned the relationship among religious conversion, juridical subjecthood, and political loyalty. The examination suggests how the conversion and converts’ subjectivity itself were articulated in different genres by looking at reports penned by Venetian representatives in Istanbul about renegades who had “turned Turk,” inquisitorial depositions by Protestant subjects and by Muslims of presumed Christian background who sought reconciliation with the Church, converts’ matrimonial examinations, and baptismal records. Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope reveals two prototypical accounts of the spatiotemporal process of conversion prevalent in narratives of conversion to Catholicism from Ottoman Islam and Protestantism, respectively, and point to the key role of Venetian institutions and intermediaries in articulating both.
Sabina Donati
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804784511
- eISBN:
- 9780804787338
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804784511.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
This book examines the historical origins and complex evolution of Italian national citizenship and identity from the political unification of monarchical Italy in 1861 to the first developments of ...
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This book examines the historical origins and complex evolution of Italian national citizenship and identity from the political unification of monarchical Italy in 1861 to the first developments of republican Italy in 1950. Using the two metaphors of “citizenship as a mirror” and “citizenship as a pencil” for the historical analysis of nationhood, the book details the policies, debates and formal notions of Italian national citizenship to grasp and discuss the multi-faceted, evolving, and often contested visions of italianità. It does so by exploring the genesis of Italian monarchical subjecthood as the first juridical bond linking the populations of the peninsula in 1861. It then examines the major developments-of the liberal period and of the fascist era-by focusing on the civic history of Italian women and men, of Italy’s immigrants and emigrants as well as of colonial and overseas native populations. It concludes with an analysis of the birth and first characteristics of post-World War Two Italian republican citizenship. Italianità is by no means a fixed notion; that it has been dual, multidimensional and variable in historical perspective; and that it has also been shaped, since the first post-unification years, by homegrown traditions of racial thinking. The book advances the current historiographical discussion by highlighting often-overlooked precedents, continuities and discontinuities within and between liberal and fascist Italies; and by offering an analysis in the longue durée through the useful combination of two citizenship-nationhood metaphorsLess
This book examines the historical origins and complex evolution of Italian national citizenship and identity from the political unification of monarchical Italy in 1861 to the first developments of republican Italy in 1950. Using the two metaphors of “citizenship as a mirror” and “citizenship as a pencil” for the historical analysis of nationhood, the book details the policies, debates and formal notions of Italian national citizenship to grasp and discuss the multi-faceted, evolving, and often contested visions of italianità. It does so by exploring the genesis of Italian monarchical subjecthood as the first juridical bond linking the populations of the peninsula in 1861. It then examines the major developments-of the liberal period and of the fascist era-by focusing on the civic history of Italian women and men, of Italy’s immigrants and emigrants as well as of colonial and overseas native populations. It concludes with an analysis of the birth and first characteristics of post-World War Two Italian republican citizenship. Italianità is by no means a fixed notion; that it has been dual, multidimensional and variable in historical perspective; and that it has also been shaped, since the first post-unification years, by homegrown traditions of racial thinking. The book advances the current historiographical discussion by highlighting often-overlooked precedents, continuities and discontinuities within and between liberal and fascist Italies; and by offering an analysis in the longue durée through the useful combination of two citizenship-nationhood metaphors
Ernst van Alphen
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719096280
- eISBN:
- 9781526109866
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719096280.003.0008
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Ernst van Alphen’s essay is a synoptic study of abjection in the context of Francis Bacon’s art: it investigates the various ways and senses in which Bacon’s art can be described as abject. On the ...
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Ernst van Alphen’s essay is a synoptic study of abjection in the context of Francis Bacon’s art: it investigates the various ways and senses in which Bacon’s art can be described as abject. On the face of it, Bacon’s paintings are abject but this appearance needs to be probed further to examine the significance of the boundary between matter and representation, for instance, and of his figures themselves which are fragmented and which demonstrate various positions of subjecthood at risk. Calling on the work of theorists including Mikhail Bakhtin and Roland Barthes, van Alphen explores the identity of the Baconian figure and argues for a fresh way of thinking about the abject condition of Bacon’s figures. A further area of study in his essay draws on Hal Foster’s work and concerns how the viewer is provoked to complete the operation of the abject, which results in a reshattering of the viewer’s sense of self. Van Alphen’s study shows how abjection can be used to elicit a host of other Baconian themes about representation, viewing and identity.Less
Ernst van Alphen’s essay is a synoptic study of abjection in the context of Francis Bacon’s art: it investigates the various ways and senses in which Bacon’s art can be described as abject. On the face of it, Bacon’s paintings are abject but this appearance needs to be probed further to examine the significance of the boundary between matter and representation, for instance, and of his figures themselves which are fragmented and which demonstrate various positions of subjecthood at risk. Calling on the work of theorists including Mikhail Bakhtin and Roland Barthes, van Alphen explores the identity of the Baconian figure and argues for a fresh way of thinking about the abject condition of Bacon’s figures. A further area of study in his essay draws on Hal Foster’s work and concerns how the viewer is provoked to complete the operation of the abject, which results in a reshattering of the viewer’s sense of self. Van Alphen’s study shows how abjection can be used to elicit a host of other Baconian themes about representation, viewing and identity.
Delia Bentley
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198745266
- eISBN:
- 9780191806230
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198745266.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology, Historical Linguistics
This chapter provides an account of the crosslinguistic variation in the definiteness effects, capturing the following facts: languages differ in terms of how freely they admit post-copular definites ...
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This chapter provides an account of the crosslinguistic variation in the definiteness effects, capturing the following facts: languages differ in terms of how freely they admit post-copular definites in there sentences and whether they treat post-copular definites and indefinites differentially. Analysing definiteness in terms of specificity, we propose that, in languages which admit pre-verbal focus, post-copular specifics are normally disallowed because they have canonical properties of subjects. In languages that rule out non-contrastive pre-verbal focus, for example the Italo-Romance dialects, specifics occur more freely in post-verbal position. However, many such languages mark the different degrees of suitability to subjecthood of specific and non-specific noun phrases by the control of finite number agreement on the copula or failure thereof. After providing an empirically rich and theoretically challenging account of copula agreement in there sentences, the chapter discusses semantics–syntax linking in the four types of there sentence introduced in Chapter 2.Less
This chapter provides an account of the crosslinguistic variation in the definiteness effects, capturing the following facts: languages differ in terms of how freely they admit post-copular definites in there sentences and whether they treat post-copular definites and indefinites differentially. Analysing definiteness in terms of specificity, we propose that, in languages which admit pre-verbal focus, post-copular specifics are normally disallowed because they have canonical properties of subjects. In languages that rule out non-contrastive pre-verbal focus, for example the Italo-Romance dialects, specifics occur more freely in post-verbal position. However, many such languages mark the different degrees of suitability to subjecthood of specific and non-specific noun phrases by the control of finite number agreement on the copula or failure thereof. After providing an empirically rich and theoretically challenging account of copula agreement in there sentences, the chapter discusses semantics–syntax linking in the four types of there sentence introduced in Chapter 2.
