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This chapter relates differences in selected multipliers of two econometric models—the DRI/McGraw-Hill (DRI) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) models—to underlying structural differences. Because of the large size and the complexity of the models, this cannot be accomplished in anything like an exhaustive sense. Rather, the chapter tries to identify the major sources of differences by using fairly powerful analytical shortcuts. The DRI and BEA models can both be characterized as “mainstream” models in that they are augmented Keynesian systems; thus, they do not display the most extreme intermodel differences in fiscal and monetary policy multipliers. However, differences are substantial and stimulate investigation of their causes. Although the restriction of this in-depth comparison to two models was a practical necessity, it has heuristic value by at least indicating where sensitive modeling decisions may occur in other models.

This chapter shows the early emergence of Silicon Valley and Boston. Much has been made of the cultural differences between Silicon Valley in the Bay Area and Boston's Route 128. The chapter digs beneath this surface portrait, discerning which organizations are most generative. It looks at the structural differences between two leading technology hubs. Using patent data that capture inventor networks, the chapter highlights the importance of careers. It also reveals much greater information flow and career mobility across organizations and industries in the Valley than in Boston. This movement of people and ideas was spurred by the critical intermediary roles of certain institutions which functioned like the anchor tenants that were the pollinators in the biotechnology clusters in Chapter 14. The chapter thus argues that this anchoring of diversity is central to the formation of technology clusters.

This chapter provides a discussion on the brains of musicians. It introduces first the structural brain differences between musicians and nonmusicians. In the search for a morphological substrate of musicianship, several cross-sectional studies comparing adult musicians with nonmusicians were carried out. A priori defined anatomical regions were selected based on the relevance for musical functions and on data derived from human developmental studies as well as animal experimental studies suggesting a high degree of plasticity. Then, the functional brain differences between musicians and nonmusicians are explained. It also emphasizes the implicit musical ability of the human brain. Experimental animal studies strongly support the existence of microstructural plasticity. Many studies have provided evidence for functional and structural differences comparing musicians with nonmusicians.