Jean A. Miller and Thomas M. Frost
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226789552
- eISBN:
- 9780226789583
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226789583.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Deborah Mayo (1996) has reinterpreted classic frequentist statistics into a much more general framework that she calls error statistics to indicate the continuing centrality and importance of error ...
More
Deborah Mayo (1996) has reinterpreted classic frequentist statistics into a much more general framework that she calls error statistics to indicate the continuing centrality and importance of error probabilities and error-probabilistic reasoning in testing hypotheses. Her generalization of statistical reasoning above and beyond any one statistical test provides a consistent and coherent approach to testing and assessing both quantitative and qualitative evidence and hence can be directly applied to whole-ecosystem experiments. This chapter argues that understanding the types of errors that replication controls allows for better design and interpretation of unreplicated and semi-replicated whole-ecosystem experiments. It begins by clarifying the meaning of three common concepts used in debates about what can and cannot be learned from whole-ecosystem manipulations: replication, BACI design, and pseudoreplication. It then rephrases Stuart Hurlbert's first error of concern and discusses replication as a check on stochastic events beyond natural variation.Less
Deborah Mayo (1996) has reinterpreted classic frequentist statistics into a much more general framework that she calls error statistics to indicate the continuing centrality and importance of error probabilities and error-probabilistic reasoning in testing hypotheses. Her generalization of statistical reasoning above and beyond any one statistical test provides a consistent and coherent approach to testing and assessing both quantitative and qualitative evidence and hence can be directly applied to whole-ecosystem experiments. This chapter argues that understanding the types of errors that replication controls allows for better design and interpretation of unreplicated and semi-replicated whole-ecosystem experiments. It begins by clarifying the meaning of three common concepts used in debates about what can and cannot be learned from whole-ecosystem manipulations: replication, BACI design, and pseudoreplication. It then rephrases Stuart Hurlbert's first error of concern and discusses replication as a check on stochastic events beyond natural variation.
Patrik Nosil
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199587100
- eISBN:
- 9780191810107
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199587100.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter defines ecological speciation as the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecologically based divergent selection between environments. It ...
More
This chapter defines ecological speciation as the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecologically based divergent selection between environments. It provides a brief history of the ecological speciation hypothesis, dating back to Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1895. It also examines alternatives to ecological speciation, saying that they tend to involve stochastic events, such as random changes in gene frequencies and stochastic differences among populations in which mutations arise. These alternatives can be classified into two main categories. The first one considers mechanisms of speciation that do not involve selection, and the second considers mechanisms that do not involve selection, but in which, selection is not divergent between ecological environments.Less
This chapter defines ecological speciation as the process by which barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecologically based divergent selection between environments. It provides a brief history of the ecological speciation hypothesis, dating back to Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1895. It also examines alternatives to ecological speciation, saying that they tend to involve stochastic events, such as random changes in gene frequencies and stochastic differences among populations in which mutations arise. These alternatives can be classified into two main categories. The first one considers mechanisms of speciation that do not involve selection, and the second considers mechanisms that do not involve selection, but in which, selection is not divergent between ecological environments.
