Matthew Paterson
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199265206
- eISBN:
- 9780191601866
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199265208.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The environment has emerged as a key issue in global politics since the early 1970s, and the issues that comprise the ‘environmental crisis’ are widely regarded to have had significant impacts on ...
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The environment has emerged as a key issue in global politics since the early 1970s, and the issues that comprise the ‘environmental crisis’ are widely regarded to have had significant impacts on international politics. At the same time, the international society or English School of International Relations tradition has rarely had much explicit to say regarding the implications of environmental degradation for International Relations, although at a first look, it is a surprise that English School authors have not looked to environmental politics for sources of support for their arguments. This chapter attempts to elaborate how such an engagement between international environmental politics and the English School might develop. It begins with an elaboration of Hedley Bull's (1977) passage on the environment in The Anarchical Society, and then proceeds through a discussion of contemporary accounts of ‘global environmental governance’, in terms of programmatic reform, international regimes, multilevel governance, deterritorialization, and corporate governance and governance from below. The conclusion reached is that despite a superficial attraction, discussions of global environmental governance undermine the image of international society in English School accounts in two principal ways: first, they show that thinking about international society (its norms, the tensions and conversation between the three traditions in English School, and so on) is limited by the lack of understanding of the specifically capitalist character of the states‐system; and second, they show that the image given in Bull – that any alternatives to the states‐system tend to founder on the claim that states will not voluntarily cede their authority – is misplaced, for practices of global governance are emerging in the environmental field that operate outside the states‐system but where states have never given permission in the manner envisaged by Bull and others to be necessary.Less
The environment has emerged as a key issue in global politics since the early 1970s, and the issues that comprise the ‘environmental crisis’ are widely regarded to have had significant impacts on international politics. At the same time, the international society or English School of International Relations tradition has rarely had much explicit to say regarding the implications of environmental degradation for International Relations, although at a first look, it is a surprise that English School authors have not looked to environmental politics for sources of support for their arguments. This chapter attempts to elaborate how such an engagement between international environmental politics and the English School might develop. It begins with an elaboration of Hedley Bull's (1977) passage on the environment in The Anarchical Society, and then proceeds through a discussion of contemporary accounts of ‘global environmental governance’, in terms of programmatic reform, international regimes, multilevel governance, deterritorialization, and corporate governance and governance from below. The conclusion reached is that despite a superficial attraction, discussions of global environmental governance undermine the image of international society in English School accounts in two principal ways: first, they show that thinking about international society (its norms, the tensions and conversation between the three traditions in English School, and so on) is limited by the lack of understanding of the specifically capitalist character of the states‐system; and second, they show that the image given in Bull – that any alternatives to the states‐system tend to founder on the claim that states will not voluntarily cede their authority – is misplaced, for practices of global governance are emerging in the environmental field that operate outside the states‐system but where states have never given permission in the manner envisaged by Bull and others to be necessary.
Hedley Bull, Benedict Kingsbury, and Adam Roberts (eds)
- Published in print:
- 1992
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198277712
- eISBN:
- 9780191598890
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198277717.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), ‘the miracle of Holland’, was famous as a child prodigy, theologian, historian, poet, jurist, Dutch political figure, escaped political prisoner, and finally as Sweden's ...
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Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), ‘the miracle of Holland’, was famous as a child prodigy, theologian, historian, poet, jurist, Dutch political figure, escaped political prisoner, and finally as Sweden's ambassador to France. He is especially known for his major books on international law and practice, Mare Liberum (1609) and De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625).This book critically reappraises his contributions both to international law (called ‘the law of nations’ in his day) and to international relations. His contributions are examined in relation to his predecessors and in the context of the wars and controversies of his time. This book also assesses the strengths and weaknesses of what is often called a ‘Grotian tradition’ of thought about international law and relations—one which accepts the sovereignty of states, but at the same time stresses the existence of shared values and the necessity of rules.This collection illuminates enduring problems of international relations: the nature of international society and its institutions, the equality of states, the role of natural law, the lawfulness of war (jus ad bellum), the means of pursuing war (jus in bello), collective security, military intervention, the rights of the individual, and the law of the sea.While first and foremost a study in the field of international relations, this is also a significant contribution to the history and theory of international law; and to the history of the early seventeenth century, when the Dutch Republic, and the European states system generally, were emerging in their modern forms, and when the Thirty Years War impressed on Grotius and others the need for restraint in war.Less
Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), ‘the miracle of Holland’, was famous as a child prodigy, theologian, historian, poet, jurist, Dutch political figure, escaped political prisoner, and finally as Sweden's ambassador to France. He is especially known for his major books on international law and practice, Mare Liberum (1609) and De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625).
This book critically reappraises his contributions both to international law (called ‘the law of nations’ in his day) and to international relations. His contributions are examined in relation to his predecessors and in the context of the wars and controversies of his time. This book also assesses the strengths and weaknesses of what is often called a ‘Grotian tradition’ of thought about international law and relations—one which accepts the sovereignty of states, but at the same time stresses the existence of shared values and the necessity of rules.
This collection illuminates enduring problems of international relations: the nature of international society and its institutions, the equality of states, the role of natural law, the lawfulness of war (jus ad bellum), the means of pursuing war (jus in bello), collective security, military intervention, the rights of the individual, and the law of the sea.
While first and foremost a study in the field of international relations, this is also a significant contribution to the history and theory of international law; and to the history of the early seventeenth century, when the Dutch Republic, and the European states system generally, were emerging in their modern forms, and when the Thirty Years War impressed on Grotius and others the need for restraint in war.
Isaac Nakhimovsky
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691148946
- eISBN:
- 9781400838752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691148946.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter considers the broader implications of Fichte's work. Fichte's The Closed Commercial State was an intensive investigation into the prospects of Europe's transformation into the kind of ...
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This chapter considers the broader implications of Fichte's work. Fichte's The Closed Commercial State was an intensive investigation into the prospects of Europe's transformation into the kind of international federation envisioned by Kant. His analysis was not the product of an alien ideology but represented a notable attempt to join the constitutionalism of Rousseau, Sieyès, and Kant to widespread and fairly mainstream eighteenth-century views of commerce, finance, and the European states system. Fichte's Addresses to the German Nation, delivered in occupied Berlin in the winter of 1808–9, have achieved much greater notoriety than The Closed Commercial State as a supposed transmission of ancien régime power politics into the age of nationalism. In fact, they represent a further effort to extend Fichte's constitutional theory into a strategic response to immensely constricting historical circumstances.Less
This chapter considers the broader implications of Fichte's work. Fichte's The Closed Commercial State was an intensive investigation into the prospects of Europe's transformation into the kind of international federation envisioned by Kant. His analysis was not the product of an alien ideology but represented a notable attempt to join the constitutionalism of Rousseau, Sieyès, and Kant to widespread and fairly mainstream eighteenth-century views of commerce, finance, and the European states system. Fichte's Addresses to the German Nation, delivered in occupied Berlin in the winter of 1808–9, have achieved much greater notoriety than The Closed Commercial State as a supposed transmission of ancien régime power politics into the age of nationalism. In fact, they represent a further effort to extend Fichte's constitutional theory into a strategic response to immensely constricting historical circumstances.
Jennifer Jackson Preece
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198294375
- eISBN:
- 9780191685033
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294375.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The collapse of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union has resulted in a proliferation of discontented national minorities. Thus, the possibility for destabilising ethnic conflict has ...
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The collapse of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union has resulted in a proliferation of discontented national minorities. Thus, the possibility for destabilising ethnic conflict has become acute. National minorities have accordingly emerged as a major focus of international relations in post-Cold War Europe. This book offers an innovative analysis of these developments. Scrutinising them within the historical context of changing practices and evolving norms, it reveals that the European national minority question is nothing new — rather its foundations extend deep into contemporary history. Moreover, the problem is intrinsically derivative of the nation-states system itself, a system which potentially intensifies minority disaffection. Examining these issues against the backdrop of relevant treaties, diplomatic negotiations, and international practices, this book presents an assessment of the fate of national minorities in the European states system.Less
The collapse of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union has resulted in a proliferation of discontented national minorities. Thus, the possibility for destabilising ethnic conflict has become acute. National minorities have accordingly emerged as a major focus of international relations in post-Cold War Europe. This book offers an innovative analysis of these developments. Scrutinising them within the historical context of changing practices and evolving norms, it reveals that the European national minority question is nothing new — rather its foundations extend deep into contemporary history. Moreover, the problem is intrinsically derivative of the nation-states system itself, a system which potentially intensifies minority disaffection. Examining these issues against the backdrop of relevant treaties, diplomatic negotiations, and international practices, this book presents an assessment of the fate of national minorities in the European states system.
Andreas Osiander
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278870
- eISBN:
- 9780191684258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278870.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, Bishop of Autun, entered politics as a representative of the French clergy, in the Etats-Generaux, whose meeting in 1789 precipitated the French Revolution. Talleyrand ...
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Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, Bishop of Autun, entered politics as a representative of the French clergy, in the Etats-Generaux, whose meeting in 1789 precipitated the French Revolution. Talleyrand abandoned the ecclesiastical office forced on him by his family, temporarily became persona non grata in France, and spent some years in Britain and the United States as an exile. Meanwhile, revolutionary France embarked on a policy of expansion. After his return to France, Talleyrand was foreign minister under the Directoire from 1797 to 1799, and again under Napoleon before resigning in 1807. Napoleon did not, however, allow Talleyrand to resign from his council. In September 1814, he was dispatched to Vienna to represent France at a congress convened to complete the reconstruction of the European states system.Less
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, Bishop of Autun, entered politics as a representative of the French clergy, in the Etats-Generaux, whose meeting in 1789 precipitated the French Revolution. Talleyrand abandoned the ecclesiastical office forced on him by his family, temporarily became persona non grata in France, and spent some years in Britain and the United States as an exile. Meanwhile, revolutionary France embarked on a policy of expansion. After his return to France, Talleyrand was foreign minister under the Directoire from 1797 to 1799, and again under Napoleon before resigning in 1807. Napoleon did not, however, allow Talleyrand to resign from his council. In September 1814, he was dispatched to Vienna to represent France at a congress convened to complete the reconstruction of the European states system.
Andreas Osiander
- Published in print:
- 1994
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198278870
- eISBN:
- 9780191684258
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198278870.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The classical European states system, at whose evolution since the mid-seventeenth century has been looked upon in this book, was not created in one piece. Originally, as seen, its structure was to a ...
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The classical European states system, at whose evolution since the mid-seventeenth century has been looked upon in this book, was not created in one piece. Originally, as seen, its structure was to a considerable extent outside the scope of abstract, programmatic principles. Such principles evolved only slowly and fitfully, gradually including more and more aspects of the system in their purview. Sanctioned by custom, structural features that the European system had already possessed in medieval times were eroded only slowly. Indeed, this process of erosion has not been completed even today. In many cases, traditional features of the system have been relegitimized successively by different consensus principles. In many cases, there is a certain continuity here in spite of changing structural principles — even though, in every case, the nature of the actors, as determined by their domestic setup, has changed drastically over the centuries.Less
The classical European states system, at whose evolution since the mid-seventeenth century has been looked upon in this book, was not created in one piece. Originally, as seen, its structure was to a considerable extent outside the scope of abstract, programmatic principles. Such principles evolved only slowly and fitfully, gradually including more and more aspects of the system in their purview. Sanctioned by custom, structural features that the European system had already possessed in medieval times were eroded only slowly. Indeed, this process of erosion has not been completed even today. In many cases, traditional features of the system have been relegitimized successively by different consensus principles. In many cases, there is a certain continuity here in spite of changing structural principles — even though, in every case, the nature of the actors, as determined by their domestic setup, has changed drastically over the centuries.
JENNIFER JACKSON PREECE
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198294375
- eISBN:
- 9780191685033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294375.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The collapse of communism in the former Soviet bloc between 1989 and 1991 caused multinational Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union to come apart along ethnic lines and be replaced by new ...
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The collapse of communism in the former Soviet bloc between 1989 and 1991 caused multinational Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union to come apart along ethnic lines and be replaced by new nation-states whose boundaries were those of the previous federal divisions. This book examines the international status of national minorities in the European nation-states system with emphasis on the period from 1919 to 1995. While there have been many studies of the evolution and expansion of the nation-states system in Europe, none has explicitly illuminated this historical process from the more narrowly focused lens of national minority concerns. European developments since the end of the Cold War would seem to suggest that such an investigation could make a valuable contribution to both theoretical and policy-making debates on sovereignty, national self-determination, and ethnic conflict. This book explores the relationship between minority rights and national security within states and between minority rights and stability within the society of states.Less
The collapse of communism in the former Soviet bloc between 1989 and 1991 caused multinational Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union to come apart along ethnic lines and be replaced by new nation-states whose boundaries were those of the previous federal divisions. This book examines the international status of national minorities in the European nation-states system with emphasis on the period from 1919 to 1995. While there have been many studies of the evolution and expansion of the nation-states system in Europe, none has explicitly illuminated this historical process from the more narrowly focused lens of national minority concerns. European developments since the end of the Cold War would seem to suggest that such an investigation could make a valuable contribution to both theoretical and policy-making debates on sovereignty, national self-determination, and ethnic conflict. This book explores the relationship between minority rights and national security within states and between minority rights and stability within the society of states.
JENNIFER JACKSON PREECE
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198294375
- eISBN:
- 9780191685033
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198294375.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book shows that national minority rights have always been subservient to national interest and security within states, and to international peace and stability within the society of states. In ...
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This book shows that national minority rights have always been subservient to national interest and security within states, and to international peace and stability within the society of states. In other words, state sovereignty — the organising principle within and between states — is the trump card in the minority rights game. To summarise the argument which supports this claim, this chapter considers the three questions which were raised in the introduction: why national minorities and considerations regarding their status — which, as substate groups, would initially appear to be subjects of domestic rather than international politics — are recurring features of European treaties, conferences, and organisations from 1919 onwards; how, and more importantly, why has the formulation of minority rights changed over time; what these changes suggest about the theory and practice of Europe’s nation-states system.Less
This book shows that national minority rights have always been subservient to national interest and security within states, and to international peace and stability within the society of states. In other words, state sovereignty — the organising principle within and between states — is the trump card in the minority rights game. To summarise the argument which supports this claim, this chapter considers the three questions which were raised in the introduction: why national minorities and considerations regarding their status — which, as substate groups, would initially appear to be subjects of domestic rather than international politics — are recurring features of European treaties, conferences, and organisations from 1919 onwards; how, and more importantly, why has the formulation of minority rights changed over time; what these changes suggest about the theory and practice of Europe’s nation-states system.
Matthias Maass
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780719082733
- eISBN:
- 9781526132406
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719082733.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
What is the story behind the paradoxical survival of small and weak states in a world of great powers and crude power politics? The answer lies at the system-level: Small states survival is shaped by ...
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What is the story behind the paradoxical survival of small and weak states in a world of great powers and crude power politics? The answer lies at the system-level: Small states survival is shaped by the international states system. Resting on three main pillars – theory, history, and quantitative analysis – the study’s key findings draw a picture of the small state as highly dependent on the states system in its efforts to survive.
The investigation is focused on the causal link between small state survival, abolishment, or proliferation and the states system in its various historical incarnations. This provides the basis for the main argument: Variations in the states system’s main characteristics create noticeable changes in the system’s hospitality toward the small state and thus impact heavily on small state survivability. These dynamics lead to small state creation and termination, which is reflected in and thus explains the large up- or downward changes in the number of small states over time.Less
What is the story behind the paradoxical survival of small and weak states in a world of great powers and crude power politics? The answer lies at the system-level: Small states survival is shaped by the international states system. Resting on three main pillars – theory, history, and quantitative analysis – the study’s key findings draw a picture of the small state as highly dependent on the states system in its efforts to survive.
The investigation is focused on the causal link between small state survival, abolishment, or proliferation and the states system in its various historical incarnations. This provides the basis for the main argument: Variations in the states system’s main characteristics create noticeable changes in the system’s hospitality toward the small state and thus impact heavily on small state survivability. These dynamics lead to small state creation and termination, which is reflected in and thus explains the large up- or downward changes in the number of small states over time.
Fred H. Lawson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804753722
- eISBN:
- 9780804768023
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804753722.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book explores the emergence of an anarchic states-system in the twentieth-century Arab world. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalist movements first considered ...
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This book explores the emergence of an anarchic states-system in the twentieth-century Arab world. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalist movements first considered establishing a unified regional arrangement to take the empire's place and present a common front to outside powers. But over time, different Arab leaderships abandoned this project and instead adopted policies characteristic of self-interested, territorially limited states. In the explanation of this phenomenon, the book shifts attention away from older debates about the origins and development of Arab nationalism and analyzes instead how different nationalist leaderships changed the ways that they carried on diplomatic and strategic relations. It situates this shift in the context of influential sociological theories of state formation, while showing how labor movements and other forms of popular mobilization shaped the origins of the regional states-system.Less
This book explores the emergence of an anarchic states-system in the twentieth-century Arab world. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalist movements first considered establishing a unified regional arrangement to take the empire's place and present a common front to outside powers. But over time, different Arab leaderships abandoned this project and instead adopted policies characteristic of self-interested, territorially limited states. In the explanation of this phenomenon, the book shifts attention away from older debates about the origins and development of Arab nationalism and analyzes instead how different nationalist leaderships changed the ways that they carried on diplomatic and strategic relations. It situates this shift in the context of influential sociological theories of state formation, while showing how labor movements and other forms of popular mobilization shaped the origins of the regional states-system.
Carlo Focarelli
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199584833
- eISBN:
- 9780191741012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584833.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter discusses the law which the international community believes to be international law. It examines how the rules and other normative standards of international law are made, integrated, ...
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This chapter discusses the law which the international community believes to be international law. It examines how the rules and other normative standards of international law are made, integrated, reconciled, changed, judicially applied, complied with, implemented within states, and enforced. It argues that all international law rules and judicial decisions are ultimately grounded in custom as a basic form of social, informal pressure by the states system and that no ‘private affair’ is conceivable in the system even when rules apply only to particular states. The identification of the rules of international law is loosely inspired by the doctrine of the sources of law originally developed in the domestic legal systems of a few Western states and by other criteria capable of ensuring a relatively systemic unity, coherence, and completeness. Much of the credibility of international law rather depends on its domestic implementation by the states themselves.Less
This chapter discusses the law which the international community believes to be international law. It examines how the rules and other normative standards of international law are made, integrated, reconciled, changed, judicially applied, complied with, implemented within states, and enforced. It argues that all international law rules and judicial decisions are ultimately grounded in custom as a basic form of social, informal pressure by the states system and that no ‘private affair’ is conceivable in the system even when rules apply only to particular states. The identification of the rules of international law is loosely inspired by the doctrine of the sources of law originally developed in the domestic legal systems of a few Western states and by other criteria capable of ensuring a relatively systemic unity, coherence, and completeness. Much of the credibility of international law rather depends on its domestic implementation by the states themselves.
Carlo Focarelli
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199584833
- eISBN:
- 9780191741012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584833.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter looks into the remedies against major breaches of international law in terms of sovereignty as responsibility. It focuses on the fact that the ‘new’ international law is the law of the ...
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This chapter looks into the remedies against major breaches of international law in terms of sovereignty as responsibility. It focuses on the fact that the ‘new’ international law is the law of the global states system in which states have obligations on how to behave towards any individual within their jurisdiction. The concept of sovereignty as responsibility implies that it is primarily for states to protect the basic rights of individuals within their jurisdiction, and when they fail to do so, it is the international community that should intervene, in particular by collective and personal measures. Collective measures — including collective standing in international courts, universal jurisdiction in domestic courts, collective countermeasures, and humanitarian intervention — are often based on the existence of obligations erga omnes. Personal measures include targeted sanctions and criminal responsibility before international or hybrid courts.Less
This chapter looks into the remedies against major breaches of international law in terms of sovereignty as responsibility. It focuses on the fact that the ‘new’ international law is the law of the global states system in which states have obligations on how to behave towards any individual within their jurisdiction. The concept of sovereignty as responsibility implies that it is primarily for states to protect the basic rights of individuals within their jurisdiction, and when they fail to do so, it is the international community that should intervene, in particular by collective and personal measures. Collective measures — including collective standing in international courts, universal jurisdiction in domestic courts, collective countermeasures, and humanitarian intervention — are often based on the existence of obligations erga omnes. Personal measures include targeted sanctions and criminal responsibility before international or hybrid courts.
Marjo Koivisto
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199652792
- eISBN:
- 9780191745270
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199652792.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The normativity of political institutions is an omnipresent research theme in International Relations scholarship. Cosmopolitan political values are contrasted with communitarian ones, especially in ...
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The normativity of political institutions is an omnipresent research theme in International Relations scholarship. Cosmopolitan political values are contrasted with communitarian ones, especially in evaluating foreign policy choices made by states. Supranational processes and projects like globalisation are said to be responsible for the declining capacity of states to act. Yet at such crossfire of challenges, the field lacks a theory of what normative state power is. This chapter discusses the reasons for this gap in the scholarly field, and examines the practical world political motivations for better explaining the phenomenon. A philosophical realist research design for substantive work on normative matters in IR is also discussed.Less
The normativity of political institutions is an omnipresent research theme in International Relations scholarship. Cosmopolitan political values are contrasted with communitarian ones, especially in evaluating foreign policy choices made by states. Supranational processes and projects like globalisation are said to be responsible for the declining capacity of states to act. Yet at such crossfire of challenges, the field lacks a theory of what normative state power is. This chapter discusses the reasons for this gap in the scholarly field, and examines the practical world political motivations for better explaining the phenomenon. A philosophical realist research design for substantive work on normative matters in IR is also discussed.
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804753722
- eISBN:
- 9780804768023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804753722.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Three broad dynamics created the states-system that formed in the Middle East during the first half of the twentieth century: the end of the imperial institutions of governance that had structured ...
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Three broad dynamics created the states-system that formed in the Middle East during the first half of the twentieth century: the end of the imperial institutions of governance that had structured regional politics over the previous 600 years; the rise of local nationalist movements in Cairo, Tunis, Baghdad, Damascus, and other major urban centers; and the appearance of narrowly self-interested, territorially bounded, mutually antagonistic states. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire offered the opportunity for an anarchic states-system to take shape in the Middle East, but did not directly produce this distinctive kind of regional order. It is noted that the emergence of Westphalian sovereignty has significant role in the construction of the contemporary Middle Eastern states-system. Finally, an overview of the chapters included in this book is given.Less
Three broad dynamics created the states-system that formed in the Middle East during the first half of the twentieth century: the end of the imperial institutions of governance that had structured regional politics over the previous 600 years; the rise of local nationalist movements in Cairo, Tunis, Baghdad, Damascus, and other major urban centers; and the appearance of narrowly self-interested, territorially bounded, mutually antagonistic states. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire offered the opportunity for an anarchic states-system to take shape in the Middle East, but did not directly produce this distinctive kind of regional order. It is noted that the emergence of Westphalian sovereignty has significant role in the construction of the contemporary Middle Eastern states-system. Finally, an overview of the chapters included in this book is given.
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804753722
- eISBN:
- 9780804768023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804753722.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This chapter links the coming of Westphalian sovereignty to the timing and character of political struggles inside Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq, and Syria. The existence of liberal democratic ...
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This chapter links the coming of Westphalian sovereignty to the timing and character of political struggles inside Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq, and Syria. The existence of liberal democratic institutions throughout the Arab world greatly helped the emergence of an anarchic Middle Eastern states-system. Egyptian nationalists adopted a foreign policy platform whose primary components implied the principles of Westphalian sovereignty as part of an intense struggle to win the support of the country's small-scale manufacturers and shopkeepers. The Jordanian leadership played in preventing the formation of a tactical alliance between discontented members of the petite bourgeoisie and radical organizations actively engaged in trying to overturn the Hashemite regime. The coming of Westphalian sovereignty indicated the significance of popular participation and electoral institutions in Arab politics during the first half of the twentieth century.Less
This chapter links the coming of Westphalian sovereignty to the timing and character of political struggles inside Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq, and Syria. The existence of liberal democratic institutions throughout the Arab world greatly helped the emergence of an anarchic Middle Eastern states-system. Egyptian nationalists adopted a foreign policy platform whose primary components implied the principles of Westphalian sovereignty as part of an intense struggle to win the support of the country's small-scale manufacturers and shopkeepers. The Jordanian leadership played in preventing the formation of a tactical alliance between discontented members of the petite bourgeoisie and radical organizations actively engaged in trying to overturn the Hashemite regime. The coming of Westphalian sovereignty indicated the significance of popular participation and electoral institutions in Arab politics during the first half of the twentieth century.
