Search Results

This brief conclusion summarizes the argument of the book and comments on the current political context. This chapter also discusses intentional climate change and intergenerational ethics. It looks at the research only argument, stalking horse argument, and the arm the future argument. It examines in addition types of evil, tragic choices, marring, Sophie's Choice, and shadow solutions.

Martin Wiener argued that when businessmen became ‘detached from the single-minded pursuit of production and profit’ they became unenterprising, inefficient, and unsuccessful. This chapter tests this proposition by examining two broad sets of businessmen who by definition did not devote themselves to the unremitting pursuit of profit: the hunting and shooting set, and the art collecting set. A third set of businessmen remained committed to the puritan-evangelical precepts against self-indulgence, idleness, personal extravagance, and wasteful, unproductive activities. Foxhunting businessmen initially rode with hunts close to the main industrial concentrations rather than with the most fashionable and aristocratic hunts, but their participation increased so much that by the Edwardian years it was said that ‘two-thirds of every field are businessmen of sorts’. There was similar business penetration of shooting, especially of grouse shooting and deer stalking. Art collecting by businessmen, spearheaded by Lancashire and Yorkshire textile manufacturers, became an important form of support for living artists and for the subsequent endowment of provincial art galleries. There were landed businessmen, aristocratic bourgeois, among the businessmen involved in these two sets, but many more of them were simply successful business and professional men, perhaps pseudo-gentry. There is no evidence that they were less enterprising or less competent than the third set of unremitting profit-seekers.

This chapter identifies the isolating effects of stalkers on female figures, emphasizing the temporal isolation accomplished through the control of storage media such as tape recorders and answering machines that would otherwise connect the heroines to a vital past of female networks. Following the stalker through two pairs of films: The Terminator and Klute, then Blade Runner and Vertigo, it becomes clear that this abuse of the past constitutes criminal necrophilia. This necrophilia will nonetheless be relentlessly projected back onto the heroines, whose female networks will be figured in various ways as morbid simulation. At stake is always the cultural verdict on the modern city, a city seen as fraught with female independence and male shame.

Legal remedies in addition to efforts at education, prevention, and direct intervention have painstakingly become a reality in a society slow to acknowledge violence against women. Yet intimate-partner violence remains a fact of life for far too many women. Not all violent relationships escalate to a murderous situation, but approximately 33% of all murdered women are killed by their husband or partner. In comparison, only 3% of all murdered men are killed by an intimate partner. Furthermore, of all the cases identified as intimate-partner homicide, three out of every four victims was a female. This chapter provides an historical overview and critique of the research on crimes of sexual and interpersonal violence committed against women: sexual assault, battering, and stalking. The findings from empirical studies presented in this chapter assist with the debunking of claims and myths about victimization.

This chapter explores the unique characteristics of violence between intimate partners. It begins with an overview of the trends that have guided the salience of domestic violence intervention throughout history. The evolution of intervention strategies are discussed, including the institutionalization of advocacy and services for victims, police and court responses, and legislative reform. The chapter examines abuse in intimate relationships in more depth, focusing on special populations such as gay and lesbian couples, elderly couples, and men as victims. It also reviews the different forms of abuse often found in intimate partner relationships such as emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; stalking, homicide, and parental kidnapping. It concludes with a discussion of some of the key consequences of intimate partner violence including: poverty, homelessness, physical and psychological injury, and the impact such abuse has on children.

The 1990s witnessed the emergence of stalking as a new social construct that was recognized through the development of antistalking statutes. Simultaneously, stalking received widespread attention in the popular news media and in scholarly works by mental health professionals. Considerable variation exists among the legal, clinical, and research definitions of stalking. Large-scale epidemiological studies, conducted in Australia, Great Britain, and the United States, suggest that stalking is a relatively common behavior. Women have an 8–33% lifetime risk of being the victim of stalking, depending on the definition. For men, the lifetime risk is 2–7%. Studies on the epidemiology of stalking violence give a wide range of results: 3–46% of stalkers progress to violence. Higher rates of stalking have been reported among some populations, including college students, mental health clinicians, and celebrities. Female stalkers differ from male stalkers in their motivations and target populations. Finally, children and adolescents also exhibit stalking behaviors outside of normal developmental behaviors. Behavior patterns that we now call “stalking” have been described for thousands of years. Hippocrates, Galen, Plutarch, and various physicians of the Middle Ages described these behaviors (Lloyd-Goldstein, 1998). In 1837, Esquirol differentiated erotomania and nymphomania (Esquirol, 1838/1965). Both Kraepelin (1921/1976) and de Clérambault (1921) described erotomania in the 1920s. Classic literature provides several historical instances of what appears to be stalking. It has been argued that Shakespeare’s last 25 sonnets reflect his obsessional attachment and spurned pursuit of the “dark lady,” with evidence of obscenities, threats, paranoia, and irrationality (Skoler, 1998). Mullen, Pathé, and Purcell (2000) describe evidence of behaviors typical of stalkers in the lives and written works of Italian poets Danté Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), and the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855). Louisa May Alcott’s first novel, A Long Fatal Love Chase, written in 1866 but discovered and published in 1993, tells the story of a young woman pursued with increasing anger, resentment, and ultimately violence by the husband she left (Mullen et al., 2000). Two of the late twentieth century’s most notorious forensic psychiatric cases arose from the mental problems and violent behavior of stalkers.

Conventional wisdom assumes that work requirements give women an escape route or greater leverage in their abusive relationships and give men material incentives to support and encourage women’s employment. This chapter opens with the story of Larnice, whose experiences contradict that conventional wisdom. The chapter then presents and interpret interview evidence about the characteristics and dynamics of specifically work-related control, abuse, and sabotage. Work-family conflict sometimes becomes literal; the chapter shows what happens during conflicts about work, conflicts that interfere with work, and conflicts that follow women to work. Interrupting, controlling, or thwarting women’s employment or their transition from welfare to work are all significant methods, means, and mechanisms of men’s directly establishing dominance, enforcing control, and exercising coercion in relationships. The chapter defines and describes work-related control, abuse, and sabotage as they shape the lives of Larnice and other members of her cohort of welfare-to-work program participants.

Recently, there have been increased calls for research on geoengineering as a response to the increasing threat of severe climate change brought on by political inertia. Specifically, it is argued that we should now start doing serious research on how best to intentionally modify the climate system, so that we can “arm the future” with the right technology. This chapter argues that the emergence of geoengineering proposals is to be anticipated within the perfect moral storm, but they should be subjected to close scrutiny as they can easily manifest moral corruption. In particular, the simple “arm the future” argument assumes much that is contentious, and is overly narrow in its conclusions. Moreover, it obscures much of what is at stake in the ethics of geoengineering, including what it means to call something an “evil”, and whether doing evil has further moral implications.

Recent attention to sexual assaults on college and university campuses has led us to reconsider the psychological impact of what we teach on the students we teach. Statistical studies tell us that high percentages of our male and female students have suffered some form of sexual assault, ranging from rape to verbal abuse. Inasmuch as Welty’s fiction makes use of rape as a motif quite often, we should re-evaluate our teaching approaches and temperament in the classroom lest we re-open troubling wounds.

This chapter explores the dark side of love in three kinds of Japanese court cases: suicide, murder, and stalking. Characters in these ominous-sounding tales should not be expected to live happily ever after, and they don't. But the depiction in the opinions of love as suffering extends beyond tragic endings to places in the narrative that need not be bleak: the judges' applications of laws and nuanced recitations of the facts that occurred before the tragedy. Judges' depictions of love even extend beyond the particular facts of the cases, as they discuss the facts against the backdrop of what they view as widely shared assumptions about love. The resulting narratives usually describe love as if it naturally could not be anything other than an overwhelming, disorienting force to which people unwittingly cede self-control. The chapter begins by examining the context for this dark side of love in Japan.

This chapter discusses white spouse homicide, which also increased sharply during the 1920s. It focuses on the social and cultural pressures fueling deadly domestic violence, particularly the ways in which white men engaged in what sociologists term “patriarchal terrorism.” Drawing particularly from suicide notes, the chapter explores the behavior of white husbands who responded to their wives’ decisions to terminate the marriage by stalking and then shooting them, after which the men frequently killed themselves. Thus, this chapter analyzes shifting gender roles in the city and the collision of failed expectations that erupted in violence in white households during the 1920s.

Chapter 2 discusses the prevalence and incidence of domestic violence, rape, and stalking. It defines the types of victimization to help readers understand its impact. These include physical and sexual assault, stalking, homicide, sexual homicide, and homicide-suicide. The chapter also includes the special case of violence against college women and shares data from several Kentucky-specific studies that show the prevalence of violence against women in this state. Chapter 2 also includes the stories of several Kentucky women whose lives were impacted by these types of crimes.

Legislative reforms achieved by the domestic violence and anti-rape movements were born out of a belief among advocates, criminal justice professionals, and their allies that changes in the law would directly and dramatically impact the lives of battered women and rape survivors. Chapter 5 contends that without active grassroots legislative advocacy, there would have been little chance of progress. Chapter 5 is divided into two major sections: a discussion of the broad strategies of legislative reform that have been used over the decades, and a more narrowly focused look at what Kentucky advocates need to know, beginning with the workings of the Kentucky General Assembly and ending with specific tips and legislative tactics.

Chapter 8 outlines the legislative reforms that took place in Kentucky during the decade of the 1990s. It begins by describing the events that held the attention of the Commonwealth’s citizens during the decade and provides a history of the political landscape of the time. The chapter highlights the major reforms of the 1990s, including passage of the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA), postsecondary education reform, workers’ compensation, and a constitutional amendment to allow gubernatorial succession. The chapter provides an overview of reforms in the area of domestic violence and rape, including substantial increases in funding for rape crisis centers and domestic violence shelters and passage of legislation related to marital rape, rape with a foreign object, sexual assault nurse examiners, creation of a domestic violence file in the Law Information Network of Kentucky (LINK), civil protective orders, self-defense for domestic violence victims, stalking, sex offender registry, victim advocates, victim notification, and child witnesses to domestic violence.

Chapter 9 outlines the legislative reforms that took place in Kentucky from 2000 through 2012. It begins by describing the events that held the attention of the Commonwealth’s citizens during the decade and provides a history of the political landscape of the time. The chapter highlights the major reforms of the 2000s, including legislation related to family courts, racial profiling by law enforcement officers, the restoration of civil rights for convicted felons, and reform of Kentucky’s juvenile justice system. Chapter 9 provides an overview of reforms in the area of domestic violence and rape, including stricter sexual offense statutes, victim notification, a civil right of action for stalking victims, the statutory establishment of rape crisis centers, additional marital rape reforms, victim notification of respondents’ attempts to purchase firearms, and use of global positioning devices with domestic violence offenders.

The re-establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999 has resulted in the enactment of several offences which overlap, to varying degrees, with breach of the peace. These include statutory offences relating, inter alia, to stalking and offensive behaviours. This Chapter also considers the extent to which this legislation has the potential to reduce the number and range of cases prosecuted for the common law crime.

This chapter critiques the intellectual and ideological implications of post-blackness by taking up a conversation on social media and the Trayvon Martin case. In the wake of the stalking and tragic shooting death of the seventeen-year-old Martin in Sanford, Florida, on February 26, 2012, widespread public outcry at the national level unfolded over the failure of police to arrest his assailant, George Zimmerman, a man who was eventually revealed by the media to be of both white and Latino ancestry. Touré joked about the incident on Twitter, remarking, “New slang! You’re Zimmermanning Me = You’re killing me.” Here the implication is that the surname of Zimmerman could stand in as a euphemism for the kind of vigilante shooting assault that Martin had experienced at Zimmerman’s hands. This chapter argues that Touré’s Twitter post is centrally steeped in his investments in the discourses of post-blackness.

What is it in a human brain that allows some individuals to like to wait when placed in a situation where most people, consumed by fear, would bolt? There are two brain chemicals that appear to enable an individual’s capacity to wait. Both seem to do this by “modulating” ort enabling the value of waiting for a reward to come. There are two great enablers of waiting, the neuromodulators dopamine and serotonin. In this chapter I’ll attempt to exemplify the operation of the neuromodulator serotonin in the life of the scientist, author, and big cat expert, Alan Rabinowitz. Fort the operation of dopamine, I’ll look at, amongst others, the famous sniper, Chris Kyle.

Chapter 4 elaborates the ways in which local gangs (Black Mafia) take advantage of China’s modernization. The Black Mafia emerges when the state fails to meet society’s demand for protection. By examining two cases (underground police organizations and in-house hospital security teams), the chapter investigates how gangsters and illegal entrepreneurs offer protection to private individuals and legitimate entrepreneurs, solve medical disputes for local hospitals, and help local and regional authorities deal with the problem of ‘nail households’ (local residents who refuse to relocate when they are offered what they consider insufficient compensation from local developers and without consideration for the rule of law).