Terry MacDonald
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199235001
- eISBN:
- 9780191715822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235001.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
This chapter argues that establishing legitimate representative agency in global politics does not require election mechanisms, of the kind that are employed to identify legitimate representatives ...
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This chapter argues that establishing legitimate representative agency in global politics does not require election mechanisms, of the kind that are employed to identify legitimate representatives within state-based democracies. Rather, legitimate representative agency can be established through alternative non-electoral mechanisms of authorization and accountability. The chapter begins by elaborating a fundamental reason for viewing elections as a legitimate means of establishing representative agency: that elections have the capacity to deliver stakeholders some degree of political control over their representatives' actions, and hence some degree of political control over the public political decision making in which they have a legitimate stake. It follows from this that, at least in principle, we could establish legitimate non-electoral representative agency if it were possible to identify alternative institutional mechanisms that could deliver equivalent forms of political control to stakeholders. The chapter then argues that the specific forms of political control over representatives' actions that elections deliver to stakeholders are those entailed in institutional mechanisms of authorization and accountability, which need not be instituted through elections to serve the relevant democratic function.Less
This chapter argues that establishing legitimate representative agency in global politics does not require election mechanisms, of the kind that are employed to identify legitimate representatives within state-based democracies. Rather, legitimate representative agency can be established through alternative non-electoral mechanisms of authorization and accountability. The chapter begins by elaborating a fundamental reason for viewing elections as a legitimate means of establishing representative agency: that elections have the capacity to deliver stakeholders some degree of political control over their representatives' actions, and hence some degree of political control over the public political decision making in which they have a legitimate stake. It follows from this that, at least in principle, we could establish legitimate non-electoral representative agency if it were possible to identify alternative institutional mechanisms that could deliver equivalent forms of political control to stakeholders. The chapter then argues that the specific forms of political control over representatives' actions that elections deliver to stakeholders are those entailed in institutional mechanisms of authorization and accountability, which need not be instituted through elections to serve the relevant democratic function.
David A. Shore
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195326253
- eISBN:
- 9780199897285
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326253.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health
Modern healthcare has become a system of conflicts, in which diverse groups pursue their own interests at the risk of the system at large. Insurance providers want to reduce their payments, HMOs want ...
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Modern healthcare has become a system of conflicts, in which diverse groups pursue their own interests at the risk of the system at large. Insurance providers want to reduce their payments, HMOs want to bring in more profit, research groups want to advance their agendas, and no one wants to work together. This book argues that when these stakeholders jockey for position, what results is the “tragedy of the commons”: the breakdown of the healthcare system as a whole by the competition of its parts. This book uses real-world examples to illustrate the fragile state of the healthcare system today, and offers feasible solutions to repair the system while making better business sense for the individual stakeholders. By working together to increase healthcare coverage, quality of care and patient satisfaction, the book contends that each player will ultimately make much greater gains than if they'd fought alone. At the same time, an improved, unified system increases the public's trust in the healthcare enterprise, which in turn makes better business sense for everyone.Less
Modern healthcare has become a system of conflicts, in which diverse groups pursue their own interests at the risk of the system at large. Insurance providers want to reduce their payments, HMOs want to bring in more profit, research groups want to advance their agendas, and no one wants to work together. This book argues that when these stakeholders jockey for position, what results is the “tragedy of the commons”: the breakdown of the healthcare system as a whole by the competition of its parts. This book uses real-world examples to illustrate the fragile state of the healthcare system today, and offers feasible solutions to repair the system while making better business sense for the individual stakeholders. By working together to increase healthcare coverage, quality of care and patient satisfaction, the book contends that each player will ultimately make much greater gains than if they'd fought alone. At the same time, an improved, unified system increases the public's trust in the healthcare enterprise, which in turn makes better business sense for everyone.
Gary Herrigel
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557738
- eISBN:
- 9780191720871
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557738.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Political Economy
This chapter uses a case study of reform efforts in the German industrial relations system to consider the ways in which the dynamics of vertical disintegration are impacting processes of change at ...
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This chapter uses a case study of reform efforts in the German industrial relations system to consider the ways in which the dynamics of vertical disintegration are impacting processes of change at regional and national levels of governance. Despite apparent stalemate at the national level, rich and creative processes of experimentation are occurring in German firms and regions regarding the governance of the workplace. Crucially, in many cases, the diffusion of sustained contingent collaboration appears to be giving rise to the redefinition of who stakeholders in production are and how they should interact with one another in governance processes. This has created a disconnect with the older institutional system of industrial relations and creates a variety of possible options for works council and union action.Less
This chapter uses a case study of reform efforts in the German industrial relations system to consider the ways in which the dynamics of vertical disintegration are impacting processes of change at regional and national levels of governance. Despite apparent stalemate at the national level, rich and creative processes of experimentation are occurring in German firms and regions regarding the governance of the workplace. Crucially, in many cases, the diffusion of sustained contingent collaboration appears to be giving rise to the redefinition of who stakeholders in production are and how they should interact with one another in governance processes. This has created a disconnect with the older institutional system of industrial relations and creates a variety of possible options for works council and union action.
Andrew Inkpen and Kannan Ramaswamy
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195167207
- eISBN:
- 9780199789825
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167207.003.0009
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
This chapter examines the nature of corporate governance with an emphasis on issues relevant to the MNE. The corporate governance practices of firms influences their strategies and competitiveness ...
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This chapter examines the nature of corporate governance with an emphasis on issues relevant to the MNE. The corporate governance practices of firms influences their strategies and competitiveness and, therefore, managers involved in global competition should view knowledge of international governance as an essential part of their repertoire of strategy skills. The chapter reviews the corporate governance systems found in the United States, Japan, and Germany, and considers the nature of governance systems in emerging markets. An important theme in the chapter is that for international business managers, corporate governance will, in all probability, take on greater meaning as country practices evolve and more of the world's economic activity is conducted through markets and firms rather than states. When firms rather than states are involved in economic activity, all stakeholders will expect that value creation and transference is fair, and that managers are held accountable for their strategic actions.Less
This chapter examines the nature of corporate governance with an emphasis on issues relevant to the MNE. The corporate governance practices of firms influences their strategies and competitiveness and, therefore, managers involved in global competition should view knowledge of international governance as an essential part of their repertoire of strategy skills. The chapter reviews the corporate governance systems found in the United States, Japan, and Germany, and considers the nature of governance systems in emerging markets. An important theme in the chapter is that for international business managers, corporate governance will, in all probability, take on greater meaning as country practices evolve and more of the world's economic activity is conducted through markets and firms rather than states. When firms rather than states are involved in economic activity, all stakeholders will expect that value creation and transference is fair, and that managers are held accountable for their strategic actions.
Christopher K. Ansell
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199772438
- eISBN:
- 9780199918997
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199772438.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter develops a Pragmatist approach to “collaborative governance”—the development of collaborative relationships between public agencies and stakeholders. The chapter first argues that ...
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This chapter develops a Pragmatist approach to “collaborative governance”—the development of collaborative relationships between public agencies and stakeholders. The chapter first argues that collaboration should be understood as an exercise in “fruitful conflict” rather than as an attempt to minimize conflict. Seen from this perspective, collaboration governance can be understood as a learning process that transforms stakeholder perspectives. The chapter calls attention to the way that even bitterly opposed stakeholders can learn to collaborate. Typically, this requires them to recognize and subsequently deepen their interdependence.Less
This chapter develops a Pragmatist approach to “collaborative governance”—the development of collaborative relationships between public agencies and stakeholders. The chapter first argues that collaboration should be understood as an exercise in “fruitful conflict” rather than as an attempt to minimize conflict. Seen from this perspective, collaboration governance can be understood as a learning process that transforms stakeholder perspectives. The chapter calls attention to the way that even bitterly opposed stakeholders can learn to collaborate. Typically, this requires them to recognize and subsequently deepen their interdependence.
Jill Quadagno
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195160390
- eISBN:
- 9780199944026
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195160390.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
Every industrial nation in the world guarantees its citizens access to essential health care services—every country, that is, except the United States. In fact, one in eight Americans—43 million ...
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Every industrial nation in the world guarantees its citizens access to essential health care services—every country, that is, except the United States. In fact, one in eight Americans—43 million people—do not have any health care insurance at all. This book offers a history of America's failed efforts to address the health care needs of its citizens. Covering the entire twentieth century, it shows how each attempt to enact national health insurance was met with fierce attacks by powerful stakeholders, who mobilized their considerable resources to keep the financing of health care out of the government's hands. The author describes how, at first, physicians led the anti-reform coalition, fearful that government entry would mean government control of the lucrative private health care market. Doctors lobbied legislators, influenced elections by giving large campaign contributions to sympathetic candidates, and organized “grassroots” protests, conspiring with other like-minded groups to defeat reform efforts. As the success of Medicare and Medicaid in the mid-century led physicians and the AMA to start scaling back their attacks, the insurance industry began assuming a leading role against reform that continues to this day.Less
Every industrial nation in the world guarantees its citizens access to essential health care services—every country, that is, except the United States. In fact, one in eight Americans—43 million people—do not have any health care insurance at all. This book offers a history of America's failed efforts to address the health care needs of its citizens. Covering the entire twentieth century, it shows how each attempt to enact national health insurance was met with fierce attacks by powerful stakeholders, who mobilized their considerable resources to keep the financing of health care out of the government's hands. The author describes how, at first, physicians led the anti-reform coalition, fearful that government entry would mean government control of the lucrative private health care market. Doctors lobbied legislators, influenced elections by giving large campaign contributions to sympathetic candidates, and organized “grassroots” protests, conspiring with other like-minded groups to defeat reform efforts. As the success of Medicare and Medicaid in the mid-century led physicians and the AMA to start scaling back their attacks, the insurance industry began assuming a leading role against reform that continues to this day.
Dore Ronald
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199284511
- eISBN:
- 9780191713705
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199284511.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
Given the traditional weakness of external control by outside directors, Japanese firms are well known for strong internal mechanisms of corporate governance. This chapter examines these mechanisms ...
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Given the traditional weakness of external control by outside directors, Japanese firms are well known for strong internal mechanisms of corporate governance. This chapter examines these mechanisms by distinguishing between the shareholder vs. stakeholder dimension of corporate governance, on one hand, and the issue of accountability as a common underlying factor of good corporate governance, on the other. Accountability in both shareholder and stakeholder-oriented systems of corporate governance can be achieved in different ways. Crucial to the Japanese system is the socialization and career paths of top managers that provide important motivational resources and place important checks on opportunistic behaviour. This analysis raises serious questions as to whether adopting US-style corporate governance practices will improve corporate accountability in Japan or whether recent changes are primarily about the distributional outcomes — the question of who gets what.Less
Given the traditional weakness of external control by outside directors, Japanese firms are well known for strong internal mechanisms of corporate governance. This chapter examines these mechanisms by distinguishing between the shareholder vs. stakeholder dimension of corporate governance, on one hand, and the issue of accountability as a common underlying factor of good corporate governance, on the other. Accountability in both shareholder and stakeholder-oriented systems of corporate governance can be achieved in different ways. Crucial to the Japanese system is the socialization and career paths of top managers that provide important motivational resources and place important checks on opportunistic behaviour. This analysis raises serious questions as to whether adopting US-style corporate governance practices will improve corporate accountability in Japan or whether recent changes are primarily about the distributional outcomes — the question of who gets what.
Ahmed Sedky
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774162459
- eISBN:
- 9781617970122
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774162459.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
The Arab Islamic city has been always a glamorous urban dream in human cultural memory. This is manifested in Cairo, the world's largest medieval urban system where traditional lifestyles are still ...
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The Arab Islamic city has been always a glamorous urban dream in human cultural memory. This is manifested in Cairo, the world's largest medieval urban system where traditional lifestyles are still implemented. Nevertheless, despite the extensive efforts to preserve Historic Cairo, it is sadly vulnerable. This book investigates the reasons behind this condition, exploring and comparing regional and international case studies. Questions such as how and what to conserve are raised and elaborated through the perspectives of different stakeholders. A resulting evaluative framework is accumulated that underpins the criteria for assessing area conservation in the Arab Islamic context and that can be used to delineate the causes responsible for the present condition of Historic Cairo.Less
The Arab Islamic city has been always a glamorous urban dream in human cultural memory. This is manifested in Cairo, the world's largest medieval urban system where traditional lifestyles are still implemented. Nevertheless, despite the extensive efforts to preserve Historic Cairo, it is sadly vulnerable. This book investigates the reasons behind this condition, exploring and comparing regional and international case studies. Questions such as how and what to conserve are raised and elaborated through the perspectives of different stakeholders. A resulting evaluative framework is accumulated that underpins the criteria for assessing area conservation in the Arab Islamic context and that can be used to delineate the causes responsible for the present condition of Historic Cairo.
Michael Saward
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579389
- eISBN:
- 9780191722950
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579389.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter takes the representative claim framework and deploys it to illuminate a range of issues around the controversial issue of non‐elective representation. The characteristic strengths and ...
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This chapter takes the representative claim framework and deploys it to illuminate a range of issues around the controversial issue of non‐elective representation. The characteristic strengths and limits of electoral representation are examined, showing how and why there are gaps in political representation that unelected actors can sometimes fill. A range of examples of non‐elective representative claims are discussed, under three broad headings: deeper roots' representative claims (such as those of monarchs or traditional religious leaders), ‘expertise and special credentials’ claims (such as those of scientific specialists), and ‘wider interests and new voices’ claims (such as those of surrogates and stakeholders). The chapter goes on to examine some of the main modes of reception of representative claims, notably authorisation or connection, on the one hand, and authenticity or independence on the other hand. This account of claim‐reception is crucial groundwork for the discussion in the book's final chapter of how representative claims might be judged in terms of democratic legitimacy.Less
This chapter takes the representative claim framework and deploys it to illuminate a range of issues around the controversial issue of non‐elective representation. The characteristic strengths and limits of electoral representation are examined, showing how and why there are gaps in political representation that unelected actors can sometimes fill. A range of examples of non‐elective representative claims are discussed, under three broad headings: deeper roots' representative claims (such as those of monarchs or traditional religious leaders), ‘expertise and special credentials’ claims (such as those of scientific specialists), and ‘wider interests and new voices’ claims (such as those of surrogates and stakeholders). The chapter goes on to examine some of the main modes of reception of representative claims, notably authorisation or connection, on the one hand, and authenticity or independence on the other hand. This account of claim‐reception is crucial groundwork for the discussion in the book's final chapter of how representative claims might be judged in terms of democratic legitimacy.
David Royse, Michele Staton‐Tindall, Karen Badger, and J. Matthew Webster
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368789
- eISBN:
- 9780199863860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:royes/9780195368789.003.0002
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Needs assessments vary due to the type of problems that must be assessed, the planned uses of the data collection effort, the resources available, as well as the design and methodology used. Many ...
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Needs assessments vary due to the type of problems that must be assessed, the planned uses of the data collection effort, the resources available, as well as the design and methodology used. Many factors affect the way needs assessments are conducted and it is helpful to think about the topic of needs assessment in terms of a continuum of information gathering approaches. Needs assessments are diverse with regard to purpose, design rigor, generalizability of the findings, the cost of the effort, the number of participants involved, the stakeholders' interests, and other facets. This chapter introduces the basic components of the needs assessment planning process. Needs assessments, no matter how complex or simple, must consider many of the same issues, though they may address them in different ways.Less
Needs assessments vary due to the type of problems that must be assessed, the planned uses of the data collection effort, the resources available, as well as the design and methodology used. Many factors affect the way needs assessments are conducted and it is helpful to think about the topic of needs assessment in terms of a continuum of information gathering approaches. Needs assessments are diverse with regard to purpose, design rigor, generalizability of the findings, the cost of the effort, the number of participants involved, the stakeholders' interests, and other facets. This chapter introduces the basic components of the needs assessment planning process. Needs assessments, no matter how complex or simple, must consider many of the same issues, though they may address them in different ways.
David Royse, Michele Staton‐Tindall, Karen Badger, and J. Matthew Webster
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368789
- eISBN:
- 9780199863860
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:royes/9780195368789.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
This chapter provides helpful suggestions for writing the needs assessment report and executive summary, which will assist the consideration for the stakeholders and other important persons who are ...
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This chapter provides helpful suggestions for writing the needs assessment report and executive summary, which will assist the consideration for the stakeholders and other important persons who are in a position to use the findings to achieve the kind of changes needed for creating new services, modifying existing services, or reordering budgetary priorities. Component parts of the final report may include: the introduction, the methodology, the findings, recommendations, and the limitations.Less
This chapter provides helpful suggestions for writing the needs assessment report and executive summary, which will assist the consideration for the stakeholders and other important persons who are in a position to use the findings to achieve the kind of changes needed for creating new services, modifying existing services, or reordering budgetary priorities. Component parts of the final report may include: the introduction, the methodology, the findings, recommendations, and the limitations.
Charles W. Fowler
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199540969
- eISBN:
- 9780191716249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199540969.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter summarizes the underlying concepts of the book including: (1) an introduction to systemic management as it emerges from published tenets of management, derived in part from the ...
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This chapter summarizes the underlying concepts of the book including: (1) an introduction to systemic management as it emerges from published tenets of management, derived in part from the recognized need for both ecosystem- and biosphere-based applications, (2) a review of the motivation to reject current or conventional management and accept a preferable, more objective, alternative, (3) an introduction to some of the steps involved in systemic management as applied to the eastern Bering Sea, an example of the ecosystem component of systemic management that is developed at the end of each subsequent chapter, and (4) a summary and preview of the progression of concepts found in the remaining chapters. Two of these concepts are introduced in this chapter: (1) integrative patterns are reflective of the complexity behind their emergence and (2) objectivity can be achieved by changing the role of stakeholders from that of setting goals to that of asking management questions.Less
This chapter summarizes the underlying concepts of the book including: (1) an introduction to systemic management as it emerges from published tenets of management, derived in part from the recognized need for both ecosystem- and biosphere-based applications, (2) a review of the motivation to reject current or conventional management and accept a preferable, more objective, alternative, (3) an introduction to some of the steps involved in systemic management as applied to the eastern Bering Sea, an example of the ecosystem component of systemic management that is developed at the end of each subsequent chapter, and (4) a summary and preview of the progression of concepts found in the remaining chapters. Two of these concepts are introduced in this chapter: (1) integrative patterns are reflective of the complexity behind their emergence and (2) objectivity can be achieved by changing the role of stakeholders from that of setting goals to that of asking management questions.
Charles W. Fowler
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199540969
- eISBN:
- 9780191716249
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199540969.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
The epilogue develops the concept that systemic management involves systemic change—human change to allow ecosystems and the biosphere to self-organize and achieve health or normal states. This part ...
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The epilogue develops the concept that systemic management involves systemic change—human change to allow ecosystems and the biosphere to self-organize and achieve health or normal states. This part of the book treats the complexity of human change as it includes education, religion, science, politics, and economics. It is shown how stakeholders switch roles to resist using values other than sustainability in decision making and take up the role of asking good management questions. The role of scientists is described as largely confined to asking questions and conducting research to answer them. Such research is described as the best science for management in revealing patterns and, with the use of these patterns, any human abnormality. The epilogue shows how the objectivity of comparing humans with other species serves as basis for management action to relieve nonhuman systems from the effects of abnormal human influence—influence which includes individuals.Less
The epilogue develops the concept that systemic management involves systemic change—human change to allow ecosystems and the biosphere to self-organize and achieve health or normal states. This part of the book treats the complexity of human change as it includes education, religion, science, politics, and economics. It is shown how stakeholders switch roles to resist using values other than sustainability in decision making and take up the role of asking good management questions. The role of scientists is described as largely confined to asking questions and conducting research to answer them. Such research is described as the best science for management in revealing patterns and, with the use of these patterns, any human abnormality. The epilogue shows how the objectivity of comparing humans with other species serves as basis for management action to relieve nonhuman systems from the effects of abnormal human influence—influence which includes individuals.
Peter Dwyer
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781447340010
- eISBN:
- 9781447340164
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447340010.003.0009
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Public and Welfare
A principle of welfare conditionality asserts that eligibility to basic, publicly provided, welfare benefits and services should be dependent on an individual first agreeing to meet particular ...
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A principle of welfare conditionality asserts that eligibility to basic, publicly provided, welfare benefits and services should be dependent on an individual first agreeing to meet particular compulsory responsibilities or patterns of behaviour. Drawing on data generated in 55 semi structured interviews, this chapter explores the competing normative/ethical frameworks that policy stakeholders use to justify their support for, or opposition to, the welfare conditionality that is now embedded in UK social benefit policy. Despite certain reservations about its ongoing, many policy stakeholders routinely support conditionality within social security systems through a combination of contractual and paternalistic ethical frameworks. The relative lack of narratives which assert entitlement to social security based on human rights or citizenship status is striking. It is concluded that the highly conditional, contractual/paternalistic vision of social security endorsed by the majority of policy stakeholders interviewed is incompatible with the Republican theories of non-domination.Less
A principle of welfare conditionality asserts that eligibility to basic, publicly provided, welfare benefits and services should be dependent on an individual first agreeing to meet particular compulsory responsibilities or patterns of behaviour. Drawing on data generated in 55 semi structured interviews, this chapter explores the competing normative/ethical frameworks that policy stakeholders use to justify their support for, or opposition to, the welfare conditionality that is now embedded in UK social benefit policy. Despite certain reservations about its ongoing, many policy stakeholders routinely support conditionality within social security systems through a combination of contractual and paternalistic ethical frameworks. The relative lack of narratives which assert entitlement to social security based on human rights or citizenship status is striking. It is concluded that the highly conditional, contractual/paternalistic vision of social security endorsed by the majority of policy stakeholders interviewed is incompatible with the Republican theories of non-domination.
Karen Morrow
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199542482
- eISBN:
- 9780191594342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542482.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Environmental and Energy Law
This chapter considers the concept of risk as it applies to the regulation of GMOs. In so doing, it examines the oftentimes problematic, yet still dominant, hybrid scientific and political ...
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This chapter considers the concept of risk as it applies to the regulation of GMOs. In so doing, it examines the oftentimes problematic, yet still dominant, hybrid scientific and political character of risk regulation in the arena of agricultural biotechnology and its legal ramifications. The dominance of technocracy and difficulties of constructing viable inter-disciplinary dialogue are also discussed. Further, the chapter considers the problems experienced in attempting to invoke greater public participation as a regulatory response to engaging with and determining acceptable levels of risk, something that is increasingly viewed as a contested concept. A central point of discussion is the role of law in dealing with the disputes that inevitably arise in so controversial a field.Less
This chapter considers the concept of risk as it applies to the regulation of GMOs. In so doing, it examines the oftentimes problematic, yet still dominant, hybrid scientific and political character of risk regulation in the arena of agricultural biotechnology and its legal ramifications. The dominance of technocracy and difficulties of constructing viable inter-disciplinary dialogue are also discussed. Further, the chapter considers the problems experienced in attempting to invoke greater public participation as a regulatory response to engaging with and determining acceptable levels of risk, something that is increasingly viewed as a contested concept. A central point of discussion is the role of law in dealing with the disputes that inevitably arise in so controversial a field.
Charles Heckscher, Michael Maccoby, Rafael Ramirez, and Pierre-Eric Tixier
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199261758
- eISBN:
- 9780191718687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261758.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter describes an intervention centered on a dynamic and charismatic leader's vision of the transformation of the Italian Railways, which ran into conflicting pressures from major ...
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This chapter describes an intervention centered on a dynamic and charismatic leader's vision of the transformation of the Italian Railways, which ran into conflicting pressures from major stakeholders inside and outside the organization. In the short run these resistances blocked the effort, though in the longer run the business logic identified by the consultants continued to develop.Less
This chapter describes an intervention centered on a dynamic and charismatic leader's vision of the transformation of the Italian Railways, which ran into conflicting pressures from major stakeholders inside and outside the organization. In the short run these resistances blocked the effort, though in the longer run the business logic identified by the consultants continued to develop.
Gordon L. Clark
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199253647
- eISBN:
- 9780191719752
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199253647.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Pensions and Pension Management
This chapter discusses the reconfiguration of corporate decision-making in Germany, focusing on employer-sponsored pensions, their management, and their investment protocols given the Anglo-American ...
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This chapter discusses the reconfiguration of corporate decision-making in Germany, focusing on employer-sponsored pensions, their management, and their investment protocols given the Anglo-American practice and international accounting standards. The process of convergence between the Anglo-American and German management practices is conditioned by the changing interests and loyalties of managers in relation to workers and shareholders and the introduction of new German private pension institutions that may ‘map on’ to the Anglo-American institutions and practices in ways not previously anticipated. This chapter also reviews the various modes of corporate retirement income provision in Germany, social insurance and supplementary pensions, global finance and global learning, management motives and the social market, the German corporate structure and governance, economic agents as stakeholders, corporate governance and control, models of investment management, and the role and status of ‘unfunded’ book reserve and ‘underfunded’ mutual insurance pension systems in the context of German labour-management relations and co-determination.Less
This chapter discusses the reconfiguration of corporate decision-making in Germany, focusing on employer-sponsored pensions, their management, and their investment protocols given the Anglo-American practice and international accounting standards. The process of convergence between the Anglo-American and German management practices is conditioned by the changing interests and loyalties of managers in relation to workers and shareholders and the introduction of new German private pension institutions that may ‘map on’ to the Anglo-American institutions and practices in ways not previously anticipated. This chapter also reviews the various modes of corporate retirement income provision in Germany, social insurance and supplementary pensions, global finance and global learning, management motives and the social market, the German corporate structure and governance, economic agents as stakeholders, corporate governance and control, models of investment management, and the role and status of ‘unfunded’ book reserve and ‘underfunded’ mutual insurance pension systems in the context of German labour-management relations and co-determination.
Philip Stiles and Bernard Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258161
- eISBN:
- 9780191718342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258161.003.0003
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
This chapter outlines the methodological approach for the research on boards of directors, focusing on interviews with individual directors over a broad sample of companies, investors, and ...
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This chapter outlines the methodological approach for the research on boards of directors, focusing on interviews with individual directors over a broad sample of companies, investors, and stakeholders in the United Kingdom. Case studies of Allied Domecq, British Airports Authority, Burmah Castrol, and Securicor are presented. The chief executive officer, chairman of the board, and executive and non-executive directors are represented in the studies. In addition to interviews, company documentation and secondary material were gathered, including company annual reports, mission statements, policy documents, reserved powers statements, public relations material, analysts' reports, and press cuttings.Less
This chapter outlines the methodological approach for the research on boards of directors, focusing on interviews with individual directors over a broad sample of companies, investors, and stakeholders in the United Kingdom. Case studies of Allied Domecq, British Airports Authority, Burmah Castrol, and Securicor are presented. The chief executive officer, chairman of the board, and executive and non-executive directors are represented in the studies. In addition to interviews, company documentation and secondary material were gathered, including company annual reports, mission statements, policy documents, reserved powers statements, public relations material, analysts' reports, and press cuttings.
Philip Stiles and Bernard Taylor
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199258161
- eISBN:
- 9780191718342
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199258161.003.0006
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability
There is a strong theoretical tradition concerning the role of the board of directors in helping to acquire critical resources and serving as a legitimating function for organisations. The major ...
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There is a strong theoretical tradition concerning the role of the board of directors in helping to acquire critical resources and serving as a legitimating function for organisations. The major resource that boards of directors facilitate access to is capital. Securing and maintaining investment to the organisation are extremely important for the survival and competitiveness of the firm. This chapter describes the institutional role of the board, focusing on how the board builds links with key investors and shareholders as well as stakeholders and how the institutional investors themselves conceive of the relationship. It also looks at the role of non-executive directors and how their contacts and boundary-spanning can feed into the strategic process. The annual general meeting is nominally the main forum for shareholders to meet with directors of the company. The most common source of corporate information for shareholders is the annual report.Less
There is a strong theoretical tradition concerning the role of the board of directors in helping to acquire critical resources and serving as a legitimating function for organisations. The major resource that boards of directors facilitate access to is capital. Securing and maintaining investment to the organisation are extremely important for the survival and competitiveness of the firm. This chapter describes the institutional role of the board, focusing on how the board builds links with key investors and shareholders as well as stakeholders and how the institutional investors themselves conceive of the relationship. It also looks at the role of non-executive directors and how their contacts and boundary-spanning can feed into the strategic process. The annual general meeting is nominally the main forum for shareholders to meet with directors of the company. The most common source of corporate information for shareholders is the annual report.
Charles Heckscher, Michael Maccoby, Rafael Ramirez, and Pierre-Eric Tixier
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199261758
- eISBN:
- 9780191718687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261758.003.0011
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies
This chapter pulls back to the societal level, asking what sorts of transformations in stakeholder regimes are needed to make possible the transition to knowledge production. It first makes the case ...
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This chapter pulls back to the societal level, asking what sorts of transformations in stakeholder regimes are needed to make possible the transition to knowledge production. It first makes the case that robust systems of stakeholder involvement are necessary for business success as well as for social justice. It then reviews the barriers to creating a stakeholder regime that will encompass the new actors and forces: on the one hand, the conservatism of existing stakeholders (including unions); on the other, the immaturity and fragmentation of emerging new stakeholder groups such as those focused on the environment or on ethnic inclusion.Less
This chapter pulls back to the societal level, asking what sorts of transformations in stakeholder regimes are needed to make possible the transition to knowledge production. It first makes the case that robust systems of stakeholder involvement are necessary for business success as well as for social justice. It then reviews the barriers to creating a stakeholder regime that will encompass the new actors and forces: on the one hand, the conservatism of existing stakeholders (including unions); on the other, the immaturity and fragmentation of emerging new stakeholder groups such as those focused on the environment or on ethnic inclusion.
