Glenn Parsons and Allen Carlson
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199205240
- eISBN:
- 9780191709296
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199205240.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Aesthetics
This book studies the relationship between function and aesthetic value, breaking with the philosophical tradition of seeing the two as separate. It begins by developing and defending, in a general ...
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This book studies the relationship between function and aesthetic value, breaking with the philosophical tradition of seeing the two as separate. It begins by developing and defending, in a general way, the concept of Functional Beauty, exploring how the role of function in aesthetic appreciation has been treated by some notable thinkers in the history of aesthetics. It then considers the relationship to Functional Beauty of certain views in current aesthetic thought, especially what is called ‘cognitively rich’ approaches to the aesthetic appreciation of both art and nature. Turning to work on the nature of function in the philosophy of science, it argues that this line of enquiry can help solve certain philosophical problems that have been raised for the idea that knowledge of function plays an important role in aesthetic appreciation. Although philosophical discussions of aesthetic appreciation tend to focus largely and sometimes almost exclusively on artworks, the range of aesthetic appreciation is, of course, much larger. Not simply art, but also nature, architecture, and even more mundane, everyday things — cars, tools, clothing, furniture, and sports — are objects of frequent and enthusiastic aesthetic appreciation. Accordingly, the second half of the book considers the place and importance of Functional Beauty in the aesthetic appreciation of a broad range of different kinds of things. The final chapters explore Functional Beauty in nature and the natural environment, in architecture and the built environment, in everyday artefacts, events, and activities, and finally in art and the artworld. In each case, the book argues that Functional Beauty illuminates our aesthetic experiences and helps to address various theoretical issues raised by these different objects of appreciation.Less
This book studies the relationship between function and aesthetic value, breaking with the philosophical tradition of seeing the two as separate. It begins by developing and defending, in a general way, the concept of Functional Beauty, exploring how the role of function in aesthetic appreciation has been treated by some notable thinkers in the history of aesthetics. It then considers the relationship to Functional Beauty of certain views in current aesthetic thought, especially what is called ‘cognitively rich’ approaches to the aesthetic appreciation of both art and nature. Turning to work on the nature of function in the philosophy of science, it argues that this line of enquiry can help solve certain philosophical problems that have been raised for the idea that knowledge of function plays an important role in aesthetic appreciation. Although philosophical discussions of aesthetic appreciation tend to focus largely and sometimes almost exclusively on artworks, the range of aesthetic appreciation is, of course, much larger. Not simply art, but also nature, architecture, and even more mundane, everyday things — cars, tools, clothing, furniture, and sports — are objects of frequent and enthusiastic aesthetic appreciation. Accordingly, the second half of the book considers the place and importance of Functional Beauty in the aesthetic appreciation of a broad range of different kinds of things. The final chapters explore Functional Beauty in nature and the natural environment, in architecture and the built environment, in everyday artefacts, events, and activities, and finally in art and the artworld. In each case, the book argues that Functional Beauty illuminates our aesthetic experiences and helps to address various theoretical issues raised by these different objects of appreciation.
Flavio M. Menezes and Paulo K. Monteiro
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199275984
- eISBN:
- 9780191602214
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019927598X.003.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Microeconomics
This introductory chapter provides three examples to illustrate the importance of auction theory to modern economics. These are the problem faced by a regulator wanting to regulate a monopolist with ...
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This introductory chapter provides three examples to illustrate the importance of auction theory to modern economics. These are the problem faced by a regulator wanting to regulate a monopolist with unknown costs, the design of a mechanism that will establish competition for the market when there is none, and the design of a spot market for electricity. It discusses the current treatment of auctions in existing graduate microeconomics textbooks, and compares this book and that of Klemperer (2004). It describes the book’s intended audience and its contents.Less
This introductory chapter provides three examples to illustrate the importance of auction theory to modern economics. These are the problem faced by a regulator wanting to regulate a monopolist with unknown costs, the design of a mechanism that will establish competition for the market when there is none, and the design of a spot market for electricity. It discusses the current treatment of auctions in existing graduate microeconomics textbooks, and compares this book and that of Klemperer (2004). It describes the book’s intended audience and its contents.
Emma Griffin
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263211
- eISBN:
- 9780191734427
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263211.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Social History
This chapter emphasizes several concluding remarks. It pinpoints a few interesting points for criticism, such as the omission of horse-racing and fighting sports. The chapter highlights the fact that ...
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This chapter emphasizes several concluding remarks. It pinpoints a few interesting points for criticism, such as the omission of horse-racing and fighting sports. The chapter highlights the fact that popular culture emerged as the outcome of negotiations between different sections of society. These negotiations were sometimes considered as acrimonious or harmonious, but are always complex.Less
This chapter emphasizes several concluding remarks. It pinpoints a few interesting points for criticism, such as the omission of horse-racing and fighting sports. The chapter highlights the fact that popular culture emerged as the outcome of negotiations between different sections of society. These negotiations were sometimes considered as acrimonious or harmonious, but are always complex.
Travis Vogan
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780520292956
- eISBN:
- 9780520966260
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520292956.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Television
The American Broadcasting Company division ABC Sports is behind some of network sports television’s most significant practices, personalities, and moments. It created the weekend anthology Wide World ...
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The American Broadcasting Company division ABC Sports is behind some of network sports television’s most significant practices, personalities, and moments. It created the weekend anthology Wide World of Sports, transformed professional football into a prime-time spectacle with Monday Night Football, and fashioned the Olympics into a mega media event. ABC Sports helped to turn Muhammad Ali, the sportscaster Howard Cosell, and the daredevil Evel Knievel into stars and captured now-iconic instances that include Tommie Smith and John Carlos’s raised fist protest at the 1968 Olympics, the terrorist attacks at the 1972 Munich Games, Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs’s 1973 “Battle of the Sexes” tennis match, the U.S. hockey team’s 1980 “Miracle on Ice” victory over the Soviet Union, and the 1999 Women’s World Cup final. Beyond sport, it revolutionized television news and altered the medium’s racial and gender politics. This book offers a cultural and institutional history of ABC Sports from its beginnings to its 2006 rebranding as “ESPN on ABC.” It uses the storied division to examine network sports television’s development in the United States; the aesthetic, cultural, political, and industrial practices that mark it; and the changes it endured, along with the new sports media environment it spawned.Less
The American Broadcasting Company division ABC Sports is behind some of network sports television’s most significant practices, personalities, and moments. It created the weekend anthology Wide World of Sports, transformed professional football into a prime-time spectacle with Monday Night Football, and fashioned the Olympics into a mega media event. ABC Sports helped to turn Muhammad Ali, the sportscaster Howard Cosell, and the daredevil Evel Knievel into stars and captured now-iconic instances that include Tommie Smith and John Carlos’s raised fist protest at the 1968 Olympics, the terrorist attacks at the 1972 Munich Games, Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs’s 1973 “Battle of the Sexes” tennis match, the U.S. hockey team’s 1980 “Miracle on Ice” victory over the Soviet Union, and the 1999 Women’s World Cup final. Beyond sport, it revolutionized television news and altered the medium’s racial and gender politics. This book offers a cultural and institutional history of ABC Sports from its beginnings to its 2006 rebranding as “ESPN on ABC.” It uses the storied division to examine network sports television’s development in the United States; the aesthetic, cultural, political, and industrial practices that mark it; and the changes it endured, along with the new sports media environment it spawned.
Michael Moran
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199247578
- eISBN:
- 9780191601996
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247579.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines self-regulation in Britain. From the 1970s to 1990s, the complex mosaic of self-regulation was rearranged according to a consistent pattern, characterised by growth in the ...
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This chapter examines self-regulation in Britain. From the 1970s to 1990s, the complex mosaic of self-regulation was rearranged according to a consistent pattern, characterised by growth in the extent to which systems of self-regulation were institutionalised, codified, and juridified. Self-regulation became an instrument for achieving wider social purposes, such as efficient healthcare delivery, honest financial services, or internationally successful sport.Less
This chapter examines self-regulation in Britain. From the 1970s to 1990s, the complex mosaic of self-regulation was rearranged according to a consistent pattern, characterised by growth in the extent to which systems of self-regulation were institutionalised, codified, and juridified. Self-regulation became an instrument for achieving wider social purposes, such as efficient healthcare delivery, honest financial services, or internationally successful sport.
Ignacio Palacios-Huerta
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691144023
- eISBN:
- 9781400850310
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691144023.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, History of Economic Thought
A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other ...
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A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports, including soccer. This book uses soccer to test economic theories and document novel human behavior, thus illuminating economics through the world's most popular sport. The book offers unique and often startling insights into game theory and microeconomics, covering topics such as mixed strategies, discrimination, incentives, and human preferences. It also looks at finance, experimental economics, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. The book provides rich data sets and environments that shed light on universal economic principles in interesting and useful ways. It is essential reading for students, researchers, and sports enthusiasts as it shows what soccer can do for economics.Less
A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports, including soccer. This book uses soccer to test economic theories and document novel human behavior, thus illuminating economics through the world's most popular sport. The book offers unique and often startling insights into game theory and microeconomics, covering topics such as mixed strategies, discrimination, incentives, and human preferences. It also looks at finance, experimental economics, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. The book provides rich data sets and environments that shed light on universal economic principles in interesting and useful ways. It is essential reading for students, researchers, and sports enthusiasts as it shows what soccer can do for economics.
Maura Keefe
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195386691
- eISBN:
- 9780199863600
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195386691.003.0004
- Subject:
- Music, Dance
Maura Keefe argues that choreographers in the United States have very often drawn inspiration and themes from the world of sports, leaning especially on the image of the male athlete as a key iconic ...
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Maura Keefe argues that choreographers in the United States have very often drawn inspiration and themes from the world of sports, leaning especially on the image of the male athlete as a key iconic representative of masculinity. The relationship between homophobia and both real and perceived notions of “masculine” physical prowess is highlighted in analysis of Vaslav Nijinsky's ballet Jeux (1913), Ted Shawn's Olympiad (1936), Gene Kelly's television special Dancing—a Man's Game (1958), and Twyla Tharp's Dancing Is a Man's Sport, Too (1980). Concluding that the anxiety over male dancers and effeminacy is far from being overcome, the chapter ends with an analysis of reaction to the participation of football icon Emmitt Smith on the reality television series Dancing with the Stars.Less
Maura Keefe argues that choreographers in the United States have very often drawn inspiration and themes from the world of sports, leaning especially on the image of the male athlete as a key iconic representative of masculinity. The relationship between homophobia and both real and perceived notions of “masculine” physical prowess is highlighted in analysis of Vaslav Nijinsky's ballet Jeux (1913), Ted Shawn's Olympiad (1936), Gene Kelly's television special Dancing—a Man's Game (1958), and Twyla Tharp's Dancing Is a Man's Sport, Too (1980). Concluding that the anxiety over male dancers and effeminacy is far from being overcome, the chapter ends with an analysis of reaction to the participation of football icon Emmitt Smith on the reality television series Dancing with the Stars.
G. Anandalingam and Henry C. Lucas
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195177404
- eISBN:
- 9780199789559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177404.003.0004
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
While Tyco demonstrates the winner’s curse at the highest levels of the firm and in the serial acquisition of hundreds of other firms, a well-known editor in a publishing company described the ...
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While Tyco demonstrates the winner’s curse at the highest levels of the firm and in the serial acquisition of hundreds of other firms, a well-known editor in a publishing company described the winner’s curse in her business: the tendency to try and hit “home-runs” with every new book published. In such a climate, in cases when successful first-time authors negotiate for a second manuscript, their agents are able to secure very large advances. Oftentimes when the second book is published, it may have reasonable sales, but not high enough sales to justify the huge advance. As a result, the book, however good, is regarded as unsuccessful and the “winning” author is “cursed” by the publishing industry being gun-shy of bidding for the third book. The sports industry has a number of very famous instances of winner’s curse, many of them centered around team owners competing with each other to hire a “star” who turns out to disrupt the chemistry in the locker room, the finances of the team, and also does not live up to promise. Additionally, Bristol Myers Squibb demonstrates the curse at the level of a single product, the licensing of a cancer drug from ImClone.Less
While Tyco demonstrates the winner’s curse at the highest levels of the firm and in the serial acquisition of hundreds of other firms, a well-known editor in a publishing company described the winner’s curse in her business: the tendency to try and hit “home-runs” with every new book published. In such a climate, in cases when successful first-time authors negotiate for a second manuscript, their agents are able to secure very large advances. Oftentimes when the second book is published, it may have reasonable sales, but not high enough sales to justify the huge advance. As a result, the book, however good, is regarded as unsuccessful and the “winning” author is “cursed” by the publishing industry being gun-shy of bidding for the third book. The sports industry has a number of very famous instances of winner’s curse, many of them centered around team owners competing with each other to hire a “star” who turns out to disrupt the chemistry in the locker room, the finances of the team, and also does not live up to promise. Additionally, Bristol Myers Squibb demonstrates the curse at the level of a single product, the licensing of a cancer drug from ImClone.
David Ranc
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719086120
- eISBN:
- 9781781702246
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719086120.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
‘Mercenaries’, ‘cheats’, ‘destroying the soul of (English) football’, ‘destroying the link between football clubs and their supporters’: foreign football players have been accused of being at the ...
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‘Mercenaries’, ‘cheats’, ‘destroying the soul of (English) football’, ‘destroying the link between football clubs and their supporters’: foreign football players have been accused of being at the origin of all the ills of contemporary football. How true is this? Foreign players and football supporters: The Old Firm, Arsenal, Paris Saint-Germain is the first academic book to look at supporters' reactions to the increase in the number of foreign players in the very clubs they support week in week out. It shows that football supporters identify with their club through a variety of means, which may change or be replaced with others, and provides the most comprehensive view on football supporters' attachment to their club in the European Union, following the increase in European legislation. Divided into three case studies on Glasgow (Celtic and Rangers), Paris Saint-Germain and Arsenal in London, the book adopts a multidisciplinary approach to chart the evolution of the link between supporters and club between 1995 and today. It is based on extensive research through the press of three nations, as well as interviews with officials and supporters. It provides an excellent read for students and researchers in Sports Studies, Politics, European Studies, French Studies and other Social Sciences, or to anyone interested in one of the most original institutions of contemporary western societies: mass spectator sports.Less
‘Mercenaries’, ‘cheats’, ‘destroying the soul of (English) football’, ‘destroying the link between football clubs and their supporters’: foreign football players have been accused of being at the origin of all the ills of contemporary football. How true is this? Foreign players and football supporters: The Old Firm, Arsenal, Paris Saint-Germain is the first academic book to look at supporters' reactions to the increase in the number of foreign players in the very clubs they support week in week out. It shows that football supporters identify with their club through a variety of means, which may change or be replaced with others, and provides the most comprehensive view on football supporters' attachment to their club in the European Union, following the increase in European legislation. Divided into three case studies on Glasgow (Celtic and Rangers), Paris Saint-Germain and Arsenal in London, the book adopts a multidisciplinary approach to chart the evolution of the link between supporters and club between 1995 and today. It is based on extensive research through the press of three nations, as well as interviews with officials and supporters. It provides an excellent read for students and researchers in Sports Studies, Politics, European Studies, French Studies and other Social Sciences, or to anyone interested in one of the most original institutions of contemporary western societies: mass spectator sports.
Richard Parrish
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719066061
- eISBN:
- 9781781700501
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066061.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The increasing commercialisation of sport raises important questions concerning regulation. The development of the European Union (EU) and the internationalization of sporting competition have added ...
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The increasing commercialisation of sport raises important questions concerning regulation. The development of the European Union (EU) and the internationalization of sporting competition have added an international dimension to this debate. Yet sport is not only a business, it is a social and cultural activity. Can regulation at the EU level reconcile this tension? Adopting a distinctive legal and political analysis, this book argues that the EU is receptive to the claim of sport for special treatment before the law. It investigates the birth of EU sports law and policy by examining the impact of the Bosman ruling and other important European Court of Justice decisions, the relationship between sport and EU competition law, focusing particularly on the broadcasting of sport, the organization of sport and the international transfer system, and the relationship between sport and the EU Treaty, focusing in particular on the impact of the Amsterdam and Nice declarations on sport and the significance of the Helsinki report on sport. This text raises questions concerning the appropriate theoretical tools for analysing European integration.Less
The increasing commercialisation of sport raises important questions concerning regulation. The development of the European Union (EU) and the internationalization of sporting competition have added an international dimension to this debate. Yet sport is not only a business, it is a social and cultural activity. Can regulation at the EU level reconcile this tension? Adopting a distinctive legal and political analysis, this book argues that the EU is receptive to the claim of sport for special treatment before the law. It investigates the birth of EU sports law and policy by examining the impact of the Bosman ruling and other important European Court of Justice decisions, the relationship between sport and EU competition law, focusing particularly on the broadcasting of sport, the organization of sport and the international transfer system, and the relationship between sport and the EU Treaty, focusing in particular on the impact of the Amsterdam and Nice declarations on sport and the significance of the Helsinki report on sport. This text raises questions concerning the appropriate theoretical tools for analysing European integration.
Dilwyn Porter
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199226009
- eISBN:
- 9780191710315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226009.003.0018
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Business History
Sport in Britain, especially elite sport, has been transformed over the period since 1960, increasingly taking on the appearance and attributes of big business. This chapter discusses three important ...
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Sport in Britain, especially elite sport, has been transformed over the period since 1960, increasingly taking on the appearance and attributes of big business. This chapter discusses three important aspects of this transformation. Firstly, the institutions governing British sport, most of them dating from the era of amateur hegemony, which began in the mid 19th century, were subject to a long drawn-out process of modernization, starting in the early 1960s when the distinction between ‘gentlemen’ and ‘players’ was abandoned in English cricket and ending with the arrival of ‘open’ rugby union in 1995. Secondly, as the constraints on commercialism dating from the amateur era were progressively abandoned, sport and business became more closely related as companies began to view sports sponsorship as a cost-effective way of raising consumer awareness of the goods and services that they offered. It is argued that the demands of building relationships with sponsors helped to change the way that sports businesses were run, as the stadium gradually made way for the ‘tradium’. Thirdly, it is clear that business sponsorship, the effectiveness of which was determined by the level of television exposure, helped to push sport into an ever-closer relationship with the media, especially television. The part played by the media, especially BSkyB, in bringing about structural changes in English football and rugby league since the 1990s are explored against this backdrop.Less
Sport in Britain, especially elite sport, has been transformed over the period since 1960, increasingly taking on the appearance and attributes of big business. This chapter discusses three important aspects of this transformation. Firstly, the institutions governing British sport, most of them dating from the era of amateur hegemony, which began in the mid 19th century, were subject to a long drawn-out process of modernization, starting in the early 1960s when the distinction between ‘gentlemen’ and ‘players’ was abandoned in English cricket and ending with the arrival of ‘open’ rugby union in 1995. Secondly, as the constraints on commercialism dating from the amateur era were progressively abandoned, sport and business became more closely related as companies began to view sports sponsorship as a cost-effective way of raising consumer awareness of the goods and services that they offered. It is argued that the demands of building relationships with sponsors helped to change the way that sports businesses were run, as the stadium gradually made way for the ‘tradium’. Thirdly, it is clear that business sponsorship, the effectiveness of which was determined by the level of television exposure, helped to push sport into an ever-closer relationship with the media, especially television. The part played by the media, especially BSkyB, in bringing about structural changes in English football and rugby league since the 1990s are explored against this backdrop.
Matthew Gill
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199547142
- eISBN:
- 9780191720017
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547142.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
Accountants sometimes approach their work with a pragmatism which simply brackets the question of truthfulness out of everyday consideration. Yet even accountants disillusioned with technocratism are ...
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Accountants sometimes approach their work with a pragmatism which simply brackets the question of truthfulness out of everyday consideration. Yet even accountants disillusioned with technocratism are not always straightforward pragmatists. This chapter explores how they act according to various tacit motivational metaphors, which embody ethical imperatives that are not always reducible to mere expediency. For instance, accounting conceived as sport legitimates pushing legal boundaries, but also demands adherence to an ethos of fair play. The chapter concludes that making accountants' motivational metaphors explicit might help to enhance the ethical reasoning they use at work.Less
Accountants sometimes approach their work with a pragmatism which simply brackets the question of truthfulness out of everyday consideration. Yet even accountants disillusioned with technocratism are not always straightforward pragmatists. This chapter explores how they act according to various tacit motivational metaphors, which embody ethical imperatives that are not always reducible to mere expediency. For instance, accounting conceived as sport legitimates pushing legal boundaries, but also demands adherence to an ethos of fair play. The chapter concludes that making accountants' motivational metaphors explicit might help to enhance the ethical reasoning they use at work.
Evert Verhagen and Willem van Mechelen (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199561629
- eISBN:
- 9780191722479
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199561629.001.0001
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
With the increasing focus on tackling obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses and conditions, participation in sports and physical activity is growing. The consequences are that injuries and ...
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With the increasing focus on tackling obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses and conditions, participation in sports and physical activity is growing. The consequences are that injuries and unwanted side-effects of healthy activity are becoming major health problems. Prevention is crucial to health gain, both in the short-term (preventing immediate injury), and in the longer term (reducing the risk of recurrence and prolonged periods of impairment). Prevention follows four main steps: 1) the sports injury problem must be described in incidence and severity; 2) the etiological risk factors and mechanisms underlying the occurrence of injury are identified; 3) preventive methods that are likely to work can be developed and introduced; and 4) the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such measures are evaluated.Less
With the increasing focus on tackling obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses and conditions, participation in sports and physical activity is growing. The consequences are that injuries and unwanted side-effects of healthy activity are becoming major health problems. Prevention is crucial to health gain, both in the short-term (preventing immediate injury), and in the longer term (reducing the risk of recurrence and prolonged periods of impairment). Prevention follows four main steps: 1) the sports injury problem must be described in incidence and severity; 2) the etiological risk factors and mechanisms underlying the occurrence of injury are identified; 3) preventive methods that are likely to work can be developed and introduced; and 4) the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such measures are evaluated.
Richard Holt
- Published in print:
- 1990
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780192852298
- eISBN:
- 9780191670541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192852298.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Modern History, Social History
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the development of British sport from the early 18th to the mid-19th century. Modern British sport started to develop and was promoted privately ...
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This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the development of British sport from the early 18th to the mid-19th century. Modern British sport started to develop and was promoted privately without politicians, employers, or trade unionists taking a significant part, except as enthusiastic individual sportsmen. However, all this changed with the development of professional sport, where sporting activities became more politicized and commercialized, and states began to intervene.Less
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study on the development of British sport from the early 18th to the mid-19th century. Modern British sport started to develop and was promoted privately without politicians, employers, or trade unionists taking a significant part, except as enthusiastic individual sportsmen. However, all this changed with the development of professional sport, where sporting activities became more politicized and commercialized, and states began to intervene.
Barry Allen
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780231172721
- eISBN:
- 9780231539340
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231172721.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
The first book to focus on the intersection of Western philosophy and the Asian martial arts, Striking Beauty studies the historical and philosophical traditions of Asian martial arts practice and ...
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The first book to focus on the intersection of Western philosophy and the Asian martial arts, Striking Beauty studies the historical and philosophical traditions of Asian martial arts practice and its ethical value in the modern world. Expanding Western philosophy’s usual outlook, the book forces a theoretical reckoning with the concerns of Chinese philosophy and the aesthetic and technical dimensions of martial arts practice. Striking Beauty elucidates the relationship between Asian martial arts and the Chinese philosophical traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, and the Chinese art of war. It connects martial arts practice to the Western concepts of mind-body dualism and materialism, sports aesthetics, and the ethics of violence. The work ameliorates Western philosophy’s hostility toward the body, emphasizing the pleasure of watching and engaging in martial arts, along with their beauty and the ethical problem of their violence.Less
The first book to focus on the intersection of Western philosophy and the Asian martial arts, Striking Beauty studies the historical and philosophical traditions of Asian martial arts practice and its ethical value in the modern world. Expanding Western philosophy’s usual outlook, the book forces a theoretical reckoning with the concerns of Chinese philosophy and the aesthetic and technical dimensions of martial arts practice. Striking Beauty elucidates the relationship between Asian martial arts and the Chinese philosophical traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, and the Chinese art of war. It connects martial arts practice to the Western concepts of mind-body dualism and materialism, sports aesthetics, and the ethics of violence. The work ameliorates Western philosophy’s hostility toward the body, emphasizing the pleasure of watching and engaging in martial arts, along with their beauty and the ethical problem of their violence.
Peter Borsay
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198202554
- eISBN:
- 9780191675409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198202554.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Early Modern History
This chapter discusses a popular physical recreation: sports. Several sports became popular during the Renaissance. Bat and ball sports, animal sports, and horse-racing all gained popularity during ...
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This chapter discusses a popular physical recreation: sports. Several sports became popular during the Renaissance. Bat and ball sports, animal sports, and horse-racing all gained popularity during this time. One of the most popular sports during the 17th and early 18th centuries was bowling. Several bowling-green houses were built and could be found in almost every city. Animal sports also became a popular leisure for gentlemen during this period. Cock-fighting grew in popularity also during this time. Aside from cock-fighting, horse-racing gained its popularity primarily as an animal sport for the elites and aristocrats. Indeed, horse-racing was the most rapidly developing and commercially oriented physical recreation during the 18th century.Less
This chapter discusses a popular physical recreation: sports. Several sports became popular during the Renaissance. Bat and ball sports, animal sports, and horse-racing all gained popularity during this time. One of the most popular sports during the 17th and early 18th centuries was bowling. Several bowling-green houses were built and could be found in almost every city. Animal sports also became a popular leisure for gentlemen during this period. Cock-fighting grew in popularity also during this time. Aside from cock-fighting, horse-racing gained its popularity primarily as an animal sport for the elites and aristocrats. Indeed, horse-racing was the most rapidly developing and commercially oriented physical recreation during the 18th century.
Matthew C. Ehrlich
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780252042652
- eISBN:
- 9780252051500
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252042652.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Sport and Leisure
The book discusses a sports rivalry between two cities--Kansas City, Missouri and Oakland, California--during one of the most tumultuous periods in U.S. history, the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s. ...
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The book discusses a sports rivalry between two cities--Kansas City, Missouri and Oakland, California--during one of the most tumultuous periods in U.S. history, the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s. Kansas City and Oakland sought major league teams to show the rest of the world that they were no longer minor league in stature. Their efforts to attract big-league franchises pitted the two cities against each other. After they succeeded in landing those franchises, the cities’ football and baseball teams regularly fought each other--sometimes literally--on the field. By 1977 Kansas City and Oakland would be much changed from what they had been only a decade previously. Their sports teams had brought them widespread attention and athletic glory, just as they had craved. They also had done much to try to improve themselves by building not only new sports facilities but also new cultural, retail, and transportation centers. But those triumphs came at a cost amid wrenching clashes over race and labor relations, pitched battles over urban renewal, and heated controversies over the lot of professional athletes. The book tells parallel stories: that of the clashes between the cities’ sports teams, and that of the struggles of the cities themselves to show that they had become “big league” through sports and other major civic initiatives.Less
The book discusses a sports rivalry between two cities--Kansas City, Missouri and Oakland, California--during one of the most tumultuous periods in U.S. history, the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s. Kansas City and Oakland sought major league teams to show the rest of the world that they were no longer minor league in stature. Their efforts to attract big-league franchises pitted the two cities against each other. After they succeeded in landing those franchises, the cities’ football and baseball teams regularly fought each other--sometimes literally--on the field. By 1977 Kansas City and Oakland would be much changed from what they had been only a decade previously. Their sports teams had brought them widespread attention and athletic glory, just as they had craved. They also had done much to try to improve themselves by building not only new sports facilities but also new cultural, retail, and transportation centers. But those triumphs came at a cost amid wrenching clashes over race and labor relations, pitched battles over urban renewal, and heated controversies over the lot of professional athletes. The book tells parallel stories: that of the clashes between the cities’ sports teams, and that of the struggles of the cities themselves to show that they had become “big league” through sports and other major civic initiatives.
Richard Parrish
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719066061
- eISBN:
- 9781781700501
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066061.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
The defining characteristic of European Union (EU) sports policy is the construction of a discrete area of EU sports law. EU sports law extends beyond the mere application of law to sport, to the ...
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The defining characteristic of European Union (EU) sports policy is the construction of a discrete area of EU sports law. EU sports law extends beyond the mere application of law to sport, to the construction of a legal approach for dealing with sports disputes which allows both the EU's regulatory and political policy objectives for sport to co-exist within the EU sports policy framework. The emergence of a coordinated EU sports policy held together by a discrete area of sports law is a new development in the EU. The sports policy subsystem is composed of two advocacy coalitions: Single Market coalition and socio-cultural coalition. The construction of the separate territories approach for dealing with legal disputes involving sport is the defining characteristic of coordinated sports policy. The future debate on the relationship between sport and the EU will be dominated by the issues of sports law and doping.Less
The defining characteristic of European Union (EU) sports policy is the construction of a discrete area of EU sports law. EU sports law extends beyond the mere application of law to sport, to the construction of a legal approach for dealing with sports disputes which allows both the EU's regulatory and political policy objectives for sport to co-exist within the EU sports policy framework. The emergence of a coordinated EU sports policy held together by a discrete area of sports law is a new development in the EU. The sports policy subsystem is composed of two advocacy coalitions: Single Market coalition and socio-cultural coalition. The construction of the separate territories approach for dealing with legal disputes involving sport is the defining characteristic of coordinated sports policy. The future debate on the relationship between sport and the EU will be dominated by the issues of sports law and doping.
John D. Skrentny
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159966
- eISBN:
- 9781400848492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159966.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Race and Ethnicity
This chapter explores racial realism in the advertising and entertainment industries (movies, TV, and professional sports). These cases are distinctive because they are almost totally focused on ...
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This chapter explores racial realism in the advertising and entertainment industries (movies, TV, and professional sports). These cases are distinctive because they are almost totally focused on racial signaling—the image of the worker is very much the product that the employers are selling. Racial signaling is thus common in all of them, though rarer in sports than the other sectors, especially in the last few decades. Hence, the chapter shows that civil rights law does not authorize these practices. It also examines the possibility that television shows' dependence on use of federally regulated airwaves, and sports teams' dependence on the public financing of stadiums might provide legal openings for racial realism in these sectors. Since this employment sector is about expression, this chapter also explores possible First Amendment defenses for these employers, and shows that at least one court has found a constitutionally protected freedom to discriminate.Less
This chapter explores racial realism in the advertising and entertainment industries (movies, TV, and professional sports). These cases are distinctive because they are almost totally focused on racial signaling—the image of the worker is very much the product that the employers are selling. Racial signaling is thus common in all of them, though rarer in sports than the other sectors, especially in the last few decades. Hence, the chapter shows that civil rights law does not authorize these practices. It also examines the possibility that television shows' dependence on use of federally regulated airwaves, and sports teams' dependence on the public financing of stadiums might provide legal openings for racial realism in these sectors. Since this employment sector is about expression, this chapter also explores possible First Amendment defenses for these employers, and shows that at least one court has found a constitutionally protected freedom to discriminate.
Michael J Lannoo
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520264786
- eISBN:
- 9780520946064
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520264786.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Aldo Leopold's Report on a Game Survey of the North Central States received nearly universally positive reviews. He followed it up with Game Management, a larger book detailing the history, theory, ...
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Aldo Leopold's Report on a Game Survey of the North Central States received nearly universally positive reviews. He followed it up with Game Management, a larger book detailing the history, theory, and practice of game management. Later in 1931, the Sporting Arms and Ammunitions Manufacturers' Institute “loaned” Leopold to the State of Iowa, as Iowa sought to pull together a comprehensive, twenty-five-year plan to guide its newly formed Fish and Game Commission. In December 1931, Charles Scribner's Sons agreed to publish Game Management. In one of the book's three sections entitled “Management Technique,” Leopold outlined the tools available to the game manager, from the creation of refuges to the control of habitat, hunting, and predation. With the publication of Game Management, Leopold invented the field of wildlife biology.Less
Aldo Leopold's Report on a Game Survey of the North Central States received nearly universally positive reviews. He followed it up with Game Management, a larger book detailing the history, theory, and practice of game management. Later in 1931, the Sporting Arms and Ammunitions Manufacturers' Institute “loaned” Leopold to the State of Iowa, as Iowa sought to pull together a comprehensive, twenty-five-year plan to guide its newly formed Fish and Game Commission. In December 1931, Charles Scribner's Sons agreed to publish Game Management. In one of the book's three sections entitled “Management Technique,” Leopold outlined the tools available to the game manager, from the creation of refuges to the control of habitat, hunting, and predation. With the publication of Game Management, Leopold invented the field of wildlife biology.
