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This chapter examines how temporal expectation can bias action and perception. It explains that the brain continuously generates predictions about expected relevant events to guide perception and action. The chapter describes how these predictions incorporate the temporal dimension to anticipate the timing of events. It also describes studies concerning the neural systems and mechanisms by temporal expectations bias perception and action and discusses the notion that temporal expectations are mediated via networks closely associated with spatial and motor control.

This chapter examines the evolution of disaster management systems and its impact on land use controls that consider hazard mitigation, relying on examples from Japan, Indonesia, and the US, where various types of natural disasters have played a large role in articulating mitigation-reflected planning systems. Slovakian and German cases provide additional understanding. Analysis showed that mitigation-considered land use systems are likely to be enhanced after major disasters, and that efforts over the past decade – such as hazard mapping – have progressed in an effort to mitigate future disaster impacts. However, land use systems and disaster management systems are often implemented in parallel instead of being integrated, and hazard-reflected land use decisions often remain unrealized. Yet, involving local residents in the process provides some promising examples of mitigation-reflected land use. A process that values local participation is thus critical to advance spatial control for disaster impact mitigation.

This chapter advances a systematic approach for the analysis of the governance of space. It introduces central concepts for the study of spatial interactions, and draws on recent innovations in social geography, political theory, and philosophy in order to flesh out this systematic approach. The control of the flow of bodies and the incapacitation of movement are revealed as the central objectives of the governance of space. Various tools are available for the spatial control of dissent: the selection of the location and the remapping of the spatial surrounding, tools for dividing space, tools for controlling movement, and tools for separating protesters from one another. The chapter highlights the preemptive character of control which deflects, redirects, and interrupts assembly and the transnationalization of tools for governing space.

Pursuit has quite different dynamic characteristics when compared with optokinetic movements, and neuronal pathways seem to be mostly separate. Anatomical pathways are separate from those that transmit signals for compensatory movements. Examples of pursuit cells in the middle superior temporal area with clear eye and head velocity signals are described in this chapter. The primate cortical visual areas named MT and MST have received considerable attention since they appear to represent the upper stages of a tightly linked and hierarchically organized pathway for the analysis of visual motion. In light of these studies, the chapter re-examines the question of how cortically extracted visual motion information is utilized for control of voluntary pursuit of moving visual targets. The results indicate that information carried by a combination of inputs, including at least visualmotion, eye movement, and head movement, converges in a specific subregion of MST to produce neurones capable of encoding the motion of objects in extrapersonal space. The output of these neurones provides a representation of stimulus motion that could be used for a variety or perceptual and motor processes, including the control of smooth-pursuit eye movements.

This chapter analyzes struggles over urban space in Bandung, a city of some two-and-a-half million inhabitants. It focuses on a particular piece of land, a strip alongside a now inoperative railway line. As infrastructure, it falls within the ambit of government spatial control. Yet the area has become a settlement for ordinary people through an intricate combination of claims. The selection of this urban setting is not a claim that spontaneous privatization is generalized in Indonesia, in its urban areas, or even in Bandung. Instead, it is an example of how privatization can take place even where one would suppose that government control over space is rather strong. If privatization dynamics nonetheless unfold under the nose of government, these are dynamics worth studying in many other places. The chapter then presents a brief outline of the history of informal, unplanned urban settlement in Java.

This chapter reviews how some of the company's enslaved laborers took advantage of the lack of spatial control in the Dutch colony and their close proximity to each other and several important institutions. It explores a variety of reasons why some of New Amsterdam's enslaved men and women had been able to attend the Dutch Reformed Church, use the courts to secure wages or defend property, and obtain a (conditional) freedom. The chapter then analyses the importance of place, space, and geography. Because enslaved people had very little control over their mobility or the environment in which they lived, the physical and social spaces that they inhabited played an especially important role in the ways they were able to partake in society. Ultimately, the chapter looks at the ways in which enslaved people navigated these systems and the colonial spaces.