Jane Holder
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199565177
- eISBN:
- 9780191705359
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565177.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, EU Law, Environmental and Energy Law
The EU's European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and subsequent documents on spatial planning and territorial cohesion provide a framework for decision making about land use and development ...
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The EU's European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and subsequent documents on spatial planning and territorial cohesion provide a framework for decision making about land use and development in the European Union. This chapter focuses on the origins of the ESDP and some of its key elements: sustainable development, territory, mobility, environment, and cohesion. Its main critique of the ESDP, and later spatial planning initiatives, is the absence of concern with environmental justice — a matter attributed to the fact that the ESDP been overridden by concerns about the acceleration of economic growth in the regions and in rural areas, firmly in keeping with the original economic aims and objectives of the Union, but distanced from a more progressive environmental and social justice agenda.Less
The EU's European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) and subsequent documents on spatial planning and territorial cohesion provide a framework for decision making about land use and development in the European Union. This chapter focuses on the origins of the ESDP and some of its key elements: sustainable development, territory, mobility, environment, and cohesion. Its main critique of the ESDP, and later spatial planning initiatives, is the absence of concern with environmental justice — a matter attributed to the fact that the ESDP been overridden by concerns about the acceleration of economic growth in the regions and in rural areas, firmly in keeping with the original economic aims and objectives of the Union, but distanced from a more progressive environmental and social justice agenda.
Lien Poelmans
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029568
- eISBN:
- 9780262331371
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029568.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Flanders is a densely populated, highly urbanized region, with widespread urban sprawl threatening remaining agricultural and natural areas. Consequently spatial planning has recently become a ...
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Flanders is a densely populated, highly urbanized region, with widespread urban sprawl threatening remaining agricultural and natural areas. Consequently spatial planning has recently become a pressing concern. A version of the integrated land use – regional activity model described in chapter 7 was adopted by the Flemish government to aid in formulating and assessing policies and plans. With 37 land uses in the CA and 22 Arrondissements in the regional activity model, it has been used to show the likely state of the region in 2030 and 2050 under Business as Usual and Land Take Neutral scenarios. The utility of the results is enhanced by means of a number of dynamic indicators. In order to handle specific immediate planning problems, the model was modified and embedded in a genetic algorithm based optimizing routine. In this form it was used to identify locations for new business parks in the province of Limburg; and in an interactive setting, it was used to assist stakeholder groups to locate nature protection sites as required under the EU Natura 2000 legislation.Less
Flanders is a densely populated, highly urbanized region, with widespread urban sprawl threatening remaining agricultural and natural areas. Consequently spatial planning has recently become a pressing concern. A version of the integrated land use – regional activity model described in chapter 7 was adopted by the Flemish government to aid in formulating and assessing policies and plans. With 37 land uses in the CA and 22 Arrondissements in the regional activity model, it has been used to show the likely state of the region in 2030 and 2050 under Business as Usual and Land Take Neutral scenarios. The utility of the results is enhanced by means of a number of dynamic indicators. In order to handle specific immediate planning problems, the model was modified and embedded in a genetic algorithm based optimizing routine. In this form it was used to identify locations for new business parks in the province of Limburg; and in an interactive setting, it was used to assist stakeholder groups to locate nature protection sites as required under the EU Natura 2000 legislation.
Louis Albrechts
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789888028504
- eISBN:
- 9789882206717
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888028504.003.0002
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter provides an overview of the processes and recent trends of strategic planning in Europe. It re-examines strategic planning by highlighting the differences between it and traditional ...
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This chapter provides an overview of the processes and recent trends of strategic planning in Europe. It re-examines strategic planning by highlighting the differences between it and traditional land-use planning. It discusses the “new” strategic spatial planning, the four-track operationalized framework, and the type of governance suitable for transformative practices. Finally, it introduces four types of strategic projects which provide a key to an action-oriented approach: urban projects, rural projects, new innovative development, and network-like projects.Less
This chapter provides an overview of the processes and recent trends of strategic planning in Europe. It re-examines strategic planning by highlighting the differences between it and traditional land-use planning. It discusses the “new” strategic spatial planning, the four-track operationalized framework, and the type of governance suitable for transformative practices. Finally, it introduces four types of strategic projects which provide a key to an action-oriented approach: urban projects, rural projects, new innovative development, and network-like projects.
Hans (J. M.) Mastop
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853238454
- eISBN:
- 9781846313639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853238454.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of the Dutch planning system. It first outlines the context of strategic spatial planning in terms of some socio-economic statistics, the government system, ...
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This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of the Dutch planning system. It first outlines the context of strategic spatial planning in terms of some socio-economic statistics, the government system, and the planning tradition, and then describes institutionalised spatial planning in the Netherlands and some of its implications. The chapter also examines the significant changes in Dutch national planning, such as project-led planning based on the principle of diagonal coordination.Less
This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of the Dutch planning system. It first outlines the context of strategic spatial planning in terms of some socio-economic statistics, the government system, and the planning tradition, and then describes institutionalised spatial planning in the Netherlands and some of its implications. The chapter also examines the significant changes in Dutch national planning, such as project-led planning based on the principle of diagonal coordination.
Stefan Greiving, Michio Ubaura, and Jaroslav Tesliar (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.001.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Worldwide, the urban development and disaster management arena finds itself at a critical crossroad. This is driven by rapid urbanization (and de-urbanization) as well as a growing volume of damage ...
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Worldwide, the urban development and disaster management arena finds itself at a critical crossroad. This is driven by rapid urbanization (and de-urbanization) as well as a growing volume of damage caused by natural (and un-natural) disasters, which are increasingly affecting urban and rural inhabitants. Bearing this in mind, experiences from disaster management and especially from disaster recovery have led to advances in the field and an increase in the importance of the role of spatial planning. This book brings together experiences and knowledge of spatial planning after significant disasters, and highlights on-going efforts to improve spatial resilience across the globe. One of the main goals is to understand the influence of significant disasters on spatial planning and spatial resiliency under different legal-administrative and cultural framework conditions. In part A of the book, experts from Japan, Indonesia, USA, Slovakia and Germany write about their experiences and efforts to rebuild their communities in a more resilient manner after major disasters and thus give an overview of the state of the art. Part B gives a cross-country analysis of five important topics: Transformation of spatial planning after significant disasters, efforts in building spatial resilience after disasters, coordination in building spatial resilience, participation in rebuilding space more resilient and spatial planning under uncertainty. Part B further identifies key factors that can be shared throughout the countries and can be used for building back better.Less
Worldwide, the urban development and disaster management arena finds itself at a critical crossroad. This is driven by rapid urbanization (and de-urbanization) as well as a growing volume of damage caused by natural (and un-natural) disasters, which are increasingly affecting urban and rural inhabitants. Bearing this in mind, experiences from disaster management and especially from disaster recovery have led to advances in the field and an increase in the importance of the role of spatial planning. This book brings together experiences and knowledge of spatial planning after significant disasters, and highlights on-going efforts to improve spatial resilience across the globe. One of the main goals is to understand the influence of significant disasters on spatial planning and spatial resiliency under different legal-administrative and cultural framework conditions. In part A of the book, experts from Japan, Indonesia, USA, Slovakia and Germany write about their experiences and efforts to rebuild their communities in a more resilient manner after major disasters and thus give an overview of the state of the art. Part B gives a cross-country analysis of five important topics: Transformation of spatial planning after significant disasters, efforts in building spatial resilience after disasters, coordination in building spatial resilience, participation in rebuilding space more resilient and spatial planning under uncertainty. Part B further identifies key factors that can be shared throughout the countries and can be used for building back better.
Togu Santoso Pardede and Gita Chandrika Munandar
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0005
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
After being hit by a tsunami in 2004, the socio-political situation in Aceh became more complicated, since this region had been ravaged by conflict for 32 years. Given the socio-political background, ...
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After being hit by a tsunami in 2004, the socio-political situation in Aceh became more complicated, since this region had been ravaged by conflict for 32 years. Given the socio-political background, the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) tends to avoid conflict with the society. Although initially the Government of Indonesia had formulated a master plan for the rehabilitation and reconstruction in Aceh, the BRR ultimately decided to use the village plan - a community-based spatial plan at village level - as a basis to rebuild settlements that were destroyed by the tsunami - Village plans were being implemented throughout the entire affected areas. The authors argue that despite the participation of the community, mitigation efforts after the disaster in Aceh have not met the target to build a resilient community. Politicization affected the implementation of the spatial plan.Less
After being hit by a tsunami in 2004, the socio-political situation in Aceh became more complicated, since this region had been ravaged by conflict for 32 years. Given the socio-political background, the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) tends to avoid conflict with the society. Although initially the Government of Indonesia had formulated a master plan for the rehabilitation and reconstruction in Aceh, the BRR ultimately decided to use the village plan - a community-based spatial plan at village level - as a basis to rebuild settlements that were destroyed by the tsunami - Village plans were being implemented throughout the entire affected areas. The authors argue that despite the participation of the community, mitigation efforts after the disaster in Aceh have not met the target to build a resilient community. Politicization affected the implementation of the spatial plan.
Alena Kučeravcová and Ján Dzurdženík
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0008
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Extensive flooding, the increasing frequency and intensity of local floods, as well as extremely dry periods and geodynamic phenomena, mainly landslides, have during the last decade caused ...
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Extensive flooding, the increasing frequency and intensity of local floods, as well as extremely dry periods and geodynamic phenomena, mainly landslides, have during the last decade caused significant damage in Slovakia. In most cases, these events were caused by human activities. Knowledge and risk assessment of floods and landslides could minimize and or predict the potential scale of damage. The aim of this chapter is to point out the importance of spatial/territorial planning as one of the most crucial determinants of area development. Territorial planning documentation in Slovakia should comprehensively design spatial arrangement and functional use of the territory, harmonize interests and activities determining territorial development, ensure ecological stability and lay down regulations of spatial arrangement and functional use. To reach, or at least to come close to, sustainable development is an obvious challenge. In this respect, strategic environmental assessment can play a vital role.Less
Extensive flooding, the increasing frequency and intensity of local floods, as well as extremely dry periods and geodynamic phenomena, mainly landslides, have during the last decade caused significant damage in Slovakia. In most cases, these events were caused by human activities. Knowledge and risk assessment of floods and landslides could minimize and or predict the potential scale of damage. The aim of this chapter is to point out the importance of spatial/territorial planning as one of the most crucial determinants of area development. Territorial planning documentation in Slovakia should comprehensively design spatial arrangement and functional use of the territory, harmonize interests and activities determining territorial development, ensure ecological stability and lay down regulations of spatial arrangement and functional use. To reach, or at least to come close to, sustainable development is an obvious challenge. In this respect, strategic environmental assessment can play a vital role.
Gerd Schmidt-Eichstaedt
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853238454
- eISBN:
- 9781846313639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853238454.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter focuses on the national-level planning institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. It first describes the administration and the implementation of federal laws, and then examines ...
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This chapter focuses on the national-level planning institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. It first describes the administration and the implementation of federal laws, and then examines the supra-local spatial planning and sector planning at the federal level. The chapter also describes the federal input in the main policy areas that influence spatial planning: regional economic development; building, housing, and urban development; transport; environmental protection, waste management, and pollution control; natural resources; leisure and tourism; and heritage conservation.Less
This chapter focuses on the national-level planning institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. It first describes the administration and the implementation of federal laws, and then examines the supra-local spatial planning and sector planning at the federal level. The chapter also describes the federal input in the main policy areas that influence spatial planning: regional economic development; building, housing, and urban development; transport; environmental protection, waste management, and pollution control; natural resources; leisure and tourism; and heritage conservation.
Stefan Greiving and Nadine Mägdefrau
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0010
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
The chapter is about flood risk management through spatial planning in Germany. The first part introduces the concept of spatial planning in Germany. Section two discusses the role of spatial ...
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The chapter is about flood risk management through spatial planning in Germany. The first part introduces the concept of spatial planning in Germany. Section two discusses the role of spatial planning for the assessment and management of (flood) risks. The role of the Strategic Environmental Assessment for risk assessment is explained by section three. Section four discusses a severe flood event, specifically the flood in June 2013 that affected large parts of Southern and Eastern Germany. Particular emphasis will be placed on options to retreat from flood prone areas. Here, the disaster is seen as a window of opportunity to reorganize the settlement structures in sparsely populated rural areas in a more sustainable way that supports the maintenance of services of general interest. The chapter concludes with some thoughts on strength and weaknesses of spatial planning in the field of disaster risk response.Less
The chapter is about flood risk management through spatial planning in Germany. The first part introduces the concept of spatial planning in Germany. Section two discusses the role of spatial planning for the assessment and management of (flood) risks. The role of the Strategic Environmental Assessment for risk assessment is explained by section three. Section four discusses a severe flood event, specifically the flood in June 2013 that affected large parts of Southern and Eastern Germany. Particular emphasis will be placed on options to retreat from flood prone areas. Here, the disaster is seen as a window of opportunity to reorganize the settlement structures in sparsely populated rural areas in a more sustainable way that supports the maintenance of services of general interest. The chapter concludes with some thoughts on strength and weaknesses of spatial planning in the field of disaster risk response.
Jaroslav Tešliar, Alena Kučeravcová, and Ján Dzurdženík
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0015
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
Currently, in all countries, a fragmentation in responsibilities for disaster risk assessment and management deteriorates efficiency and effectiveness of independent actions taken by different ...
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Currently, in all countries, a fragmentation in responsibilities for disaster risk assessment and management deteriorates efficiency and effectiveness of independent actions taken by different institutions. The mostly parallel work of sectoral planning only pursues sectoral interests. A comprehensive planning approach where sectoral interests are harmonized is missing. By developing binding standards and indicators for spatial development, comprehensive spatial planning could take over the role of a harmonizer in building spatial resilience. This chapter identifies access points for a strengthened coordination between the different vertical levels of spatial planning and a more efficient interplay between spatial planning, sectoral planning divisions and emergency response throughout the different stages of the disaster risk cycle.Less
Currently, in all countries, a fragmentation in responsibilities for disaster risk assessment and management deteriorates efficiency and effectiveness of independent actions taken by different institutions. The mostly parallel work of sectoral planning only pursues sectoral interests. A comprehensive planning approach where sectoral interests are harmonized is missing. By developing binding standards and indicators for spatial development, comprehensive spatial planning could take over the role of a harmonizer in building spatial resilience. This chapter identifies access points for a strengthened coordination between the different vertical levels of spatial planning and a more efficient interplay between spatial planning, sectoral planning divisions and emergency response throughout the different stages of the disaster risk cycle.
Ben Clifford and Mark Tewdwr-Jones
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781447305118
- eISBN:
- 9781447307891
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447305118.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter explores reaction to the spatial planning agenda, primarily within planning policy. This is primarily considered in relation to New Labour’s introduction of the Local Development ...
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This chapter explores reaction to the spatial planning agenda, primarily within planning policy. This is primarily considered in relation to New Labour’s introduction of the Local Development Framework system in England. Empirical data show that planners broadly supported these reforms but felt that, in practice, the Government’s own aims were not being met. Comparing empirical material in this study to that from Labour Government commissioned reports, it is demonstrated that planners were most likely to blame external factors for problems associated with reforms, whilst the Government tended to highlight the role of the planning profession itself and the claimed need for a culture change in the profession. Whilst further reforms to planning processes have been introduced by the Coalition government, a more spatial approach to planning appears to have become embedded in local government.Less
This chapter explores reaction to the spatial planning agenda, primarily within planning policy. This is primarily considered in relation to New Labour’s introduction of the Local Development Framework system in England. Empirical data show that planners broadly supported these reforms but felt that, in practice, the Government’s own aims were not being met. Comparing empirical material in this study to that from Labour Government commissioned reports, it is demonstrated that planners were most likely to blame external factors for problems associated with reforms, whilst the Government tended to highlight the role of the planning profession itself and the claimed need for a culture change in the profession. Whilst further reforms to planning processes have been introduced by the Coalition government, a more spatial approach to planning appears to have become embedded in local government.
Peter Knoepfel
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447345053
- eISBN:
- 9781447345091
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447345053.003.0011
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The application of the resource-oriented approach used in this book confirms the prominent role of the resource Property in the resource portfolios of each of the three policy actors. Property ...
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The application of the resource-oriented approach used in this book confirms the prominent role of the resource Property in the resource portfolios of each of the three policy actors. Property consists of the ownership of property and use rights to material and immaterial (natural, manufactured, social and/or human) resources and the various bundles of goods and/or services they provide to the owner. One of the prominent services of such resources involves their role as policy resource (abstract use of such resources as opposed to concrete uses). The most prominent material resource is the ownership of (strategic) land, which enables both public and private actors to play a predominant role in policy formulation and, especially, implementation processes. The chapter illustrates the mobilization and use modes of the resource Property in the areas of spatial planning, institutional policies (creation of a Swiss canton) , public accounting and state infrastructural policies (land acquisition policies for communal land use policy). It stresses the role of legal appeals by target groups or beneficiary organizations and the privileged position occupied landowners in the planning and implementation of large urban projects.Less
The application of the resource-oriented approach used in this book confirms the prominent role of the resource Property in the resource portfolios of each of the three policy actors. Property consists of the ownership of property and use rights to material and immaterial (natural, manufactured, social and/or human) resources and the various bundles of goods and/or services they provide to the owner. One of the prominent services of such resources involves their role as policy resource (abstract use of such resources as opposed to concrete uses). The most prominent material resource is the ownership of (strategic) land, which enables both public and private actors to play a predominant role in policy formulation and, especially, implementation processes. The chapter illustrates the mobilization and use modes of the resource Property in the areas of spatial planning, institutional policies (creation of a Swiss canton) , public accounting and state infrastructural policies (land acquisition policies for communal land use policy). It stresses the role of legal appeals by target groups or beneficiary organizations and the privileged position occupied landowners in the planning and implementation of large urban projects.
Malcolm Grant
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853238454
- eISBN:
- 9781846313639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853238454.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter, which discusses the national-level institutions and decision-making processes for spatial planning in the United Kingdom, describes the relationship between the central government and ...
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This chapter, which discusses the national-level institutions and decision-making processes for spatial planning in the United Kingdom, describes the relationship between the central government and local government in the conduct of spatial planning. First, it explores the nature of the changes that have occurred in the central government's role in spatial planning in the UK since 1945, and then examines planning concerning national parks, agricultural land, roads and railways, water, and hazardous uses and locally unacceptable land uses. These are examples that demonstrate how key issues in planning are split between national government and other agencies.Less
This chapter, which discusses the national-level institutions and decision-making processes for spatial planning in the United Kingdom, describes the relationship between the central government and local government in the conduct of spatial planning. First, it explores the nature of the changes that have occurred in the central government's role in spatial planning in the UK since 1945, and then examines planning concerning national parks, agricultural land, roads and railways, water, and hazardous uses and locally unacceptable land uses. These are examples that demonstrate how key issues in planning are split between national government and other agencies.
Stefan Greiving
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0001
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
This introduction will give a general overview of the role of spatial planning for disaster response and the related key challenges that spatial planning needs to deal with in this respect. Moreover, ...
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This introduction will give a general overview of the role of spatial planning for disaster response and the related key challenges that spatial planning needs to deal with in this respect. Moreover, it will discuss the variety of the national planning cultures and related concepts and instruments. It will also introduce key terminology to the reader (e.g. spatial resilience, resilience of space) and explain the dominant methodological frameworks for disaster risk assessment and management.Less
This introduction will give a general overview of the role of spatial planning for disaster response and the related key challenges that spatial planning needs to deal with in this respect. Moreover, it will discuss the variety of the national planning cultures and related concepts and instruments. It will also introduce key terminology to the reader (e.g. spatial resilience, resilience of space) and explain the dominant methodological frameworks for disaster risk assessment and management.
Stefan Greiving, Nadine Mägdefrau, and Teresa Sprague
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0012
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
This chapter analyses the content of all chapters in Part A and develops the basis for Part B. It determines similarities and differences in the legal frameworks for spatial planning and disaster ...
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This chapter analyses the content of all chapters in Part A and develops the basis for Part B. It determines similarities and differences in the legal frameworks for spatial planning and disaster risk assessment and management. Moreover, the chapter identifies characteristic problems and bottlenecks in the practice of disaster risk management through spatial planning. A particular focus is on the recovery phase. The identified problems serve as starting points for Part B of this book.Less
This chapter analyses the content of all chapters in Part A and develops the basis for Part B. It determines similarities and differences in the legal frameworks for spatial planning and disaster risk assessment and management. Moreover, the chapter identifies characteristic problems and bottlenecks in the practice of disaster risk management through spatial planning. A particular focus is on the recovery phase. The identified problems serve as starting points for Part B of this book.
Stefan Greiving, Kanako Iuchi, Jaroslav Tešliar, and Michio Ubaura
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0018
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
The conclusion draws up a list of points that could possibly improve the way spatial planning deals with disasters. In this context, the chapter discusses the opportunities and limitations of ...
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The conclusion draws up a list of points that could possibly improve the way spatial planning deals with disasters. In this context, the chapter discusses the opportunities and limitations of transferring lessons learned in one country to others. Thus, emphasis is placed on opportunities that can be jointly implemented in each of the participating countries as well as others that are tailor-made for a specific legal administrative context and offer a source of improvements for practitioners around the world. On this basis, this chapter develops elements of a new concept for change-proof cities and regions.Less
The conclusion draws up a list of points that could possibly improve the way spatial planning deals with disasters. In this context, the chapter discusses the opportunities and limitations of transferring lessons learned in one country to others. Thus, emphasis is placed on opportunities that can be jointly implemented in each of the participating countries as well as others that are tailor-made for a specific legal administrative context and offer a source of improvements for practitioners around the world. On this basis, this chapter develops elements of a new concept for change-proof cities and regions.
Nadine Mägdefrau
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781447323587
- eISBN:
- 9781447323617
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447323587.003.0011
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Urban Geography
The frequency of tragic major-accident hazards around the world reveals the importance to address this topic. Especially due to the fact that major-accidents are able to occur independently, but can ...
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The frequency of tragic major-accident hazards around the world reveals the importance to address this topic. Especially due to the fact that major-accidents are able to occur independently, but can also be triggered by natural hazards (so-called NaTech hazards) makes them hard to predict. After several major-accidents in the 1970s, the European Union issued the Seveso Directive in 1982, which was repeatedly amended and replaced. The main aim of the Seveso Directive is to prevent major-accidents that include dangerous substances and reduce the threat of such accidents if they still occur. This chapter gives an overview about the intention and content of the Seveso Directive and discusses its relevance for the field of spatial planning. It explains the implementation of the directive in Germany and illustrates its application with a practical example. The chapter finally draws a conclusion with possible points of transferability.Less
The frequency of tragic major-accident hazards around the world reveals the importance to address this topic. Especially due to the fact that major-accidents are able to occur independently, but can also be triggered by natural hazards (so-called NaTech hazards) makes them hard to predict. After several major-accidents in the 1970s, the European Union issued the Seveso Directive in 1982, which was repeatedly amended and replaced. The main aim of the Seveso Directive is to prevent major-accidents that include dangerous substances and reduce the threat of such accidents if they still occur. This chapter gives an overview about the intention and content of the Seveso Directive and discusses its relevance for the field of spatial planning. It explains the implementation of the directive in Germany and illustrates its application with a practical example. The chapter finally draws a conclusion with possible points of transferability.
Paul H. Tanimura and David W. Edgington
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780853238454
- eISBN:
- 9781846313639
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9780853238454.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
This chapter focuses on national-level economic and spatial planning in Japan, first outlining the structure of national government agencies. It also explores the framework of Japan's planning system ...
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This chapter focuses on national-level economic and spatial planning in Japan, first outlining the structure of national government agencies. It also explores the framework of Japan's planning system by examining national economic planning of the Economic Planning Agency and the national development plans and land-use plans of the National Land Agency. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of the local government in the process of implementing plans.Less
This chapter focuses on national-level economic and spatial planning in Japan, first outlining the structure of national government agencies. It also explores the framework of Japan's planning system by examining national economic planning of the Economic Planning Agency and the national development plans and land-use plans of the National Land Agency. Finally, the chapter discusses the role of the local government in the process of implementing plans.
Heather Tallis and Stephen Polasky
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- December 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199588992
- eISBN:
- 9780191774638
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588992.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology, Ecology
This chapter compares simple and complex models of ecosystem service provision and spatial distribution for carbon storage and sequestration and crop pollination. Carbon stock estimates from the two ...
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This chapter compares simple and complex models of ecosystem service provision and spatial distribution for carbon storage and sequestration and crop pollination. Carbon stock estimates from the two models agreed well across multiple scenarios of land use in the Willamette Basin, Oregon. Estimates diverged much farther into the future, with the simpler model providing a more conservative estimate. The results also showed good agreement between estimates of pollination levels of watermelon in the California Central Valley (R2 = 0.99). Some divergence between estimates in the tails of the pollinator index distribution suggest that the simple model is most appropriate in landscapes where the pollinator community is not very diverse or where pollinators have similar habitat preferences. Managers selecting priority areas (represented by areas within the top quartile of service provision) for carbon or pollination investments would likely make the same decisions with either the simple or complex model, as the spatial patterns predicted by both simple and complex models aligned well. The question of whether simple or complex models better represent reality cannot be answered until ecosystem services become widely and regularly monitored.Less
This chapter compares simple and complex models of ecosystem service provision and spatial distribution for carbon storage and sequestration and crop pollination. Carbon stock estimates from the two models agreed well across multiple scenarios of land use in the Willamette Basin, Oregon. Estimates diverged much farther into the future, with the simpler model providing a more conservative estimate. The results also showed good agreement between estimates of pollination levels of watermelon in the California Central Valley (R2 = 0.99). Some divergence between estimates in the tails of the pollinator index distribution suggest that the simple model is most appropriate in landscapes where the pollinator community is not very diverse or where pollinators have similar habitat preferences. Managers selecting priority areas (represented by areas within the top quartile of service provision) for carbon or pollination investments would likely make the same decisions with either the simple or complex model, as the spatial patterns predicted by both simple and complex models aligned well. The question of whether simple or complex models better represent reality cannot be answered until ecosystem services become widely and regularly monitored.
David R. Schiel and Michael S. Foster
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520278868
- eISBN:
- 9780520961098
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520278868.003.0015
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter concludes that giant kelp forests have achieved the status of “rain forests” of temperate seas in being the most widely recognized inhabitant of temperate reefs and known for the high ...
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This chapter concludes that giant kelp forests have achieved the status of “rain forests” of temperate seas in being the most widely recognized inhabitant of temperate reefs and known for the high diversity they support. Giant kelp forests are largely thriving, and have remained so despite the numerous stressors on coastal ecosystems throughout the past few centuries. With ever-increasing numbers of nature tourists, scuba divers, recreational fishers, and wide-reaching nature documentaries, both the natural beauty of giant kelp forests and the key role they play in the provision of “services” are much better appreciated globally. Moreover, within the scientific literature, giant kelp forests have been a focal point for discussions about regime shifts and alternate states of coastal ecosystems, and they have contributed to the emerging ecological theory and management models related to spatial planning.Less
This chapter concludes that giant kelp forests have achieved the status of “rain forests” of temperate seas in being the most widely recognized inhabitant of temperate reefs and known for the high diversity they support. Giant kelp forests are largely thriving, and have remained so despite the numerous stressors on coastal ecosystems throughout the past few centuries. With ever-increasing numbers of nature tourists, scuba divers, recreational fishers, and wide-reaching nature documentaries, both the natural beauty of giant kelp forests and the key role they play in the provision of “services” are much better appreciated globally. Moreover, within the scientific literature, giant kelp forests have been a focal point for discussions about regime shifts and alternate states of coastal ecosystems, and they have contributed to the emerging ecological theory and management models related to spatial planning.
