Maria Elizabeth Grabe and Erik Page Bucy
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372076
- eISBN:
- 9780199893478
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372076.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter documents the extent to which presidential candidates visually appear on the nightly news by drawing on a longitudinal analysis of presidential news coverage from the 1992, 1996, 2000, ...
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This chapter documents the extent to which presidential candidates visually appear on the nightly news by drawing on a longitudinal analysis of presidential news coverage from the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 general elections. For each year, the political reporting of the main broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) was coded for visual information. It summarizes the frequency and duration of candidate image bites that were broadcast, in which candidates were shown but not heard speaking, and compares them to sound bites in which candidates were simultaneously seen and heard. The chapter also assesses sound bite content — what the candidates are actually saying in these televised actualities — and introduces a typology for classifying the different types of sound and image bites that appear on the news.Less
This chapter documents the extent to which presidential candidates visually appear on the nightly news by drawing on a longitudinal analysis of presidential news coverage from the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 general elections. For each year, the political reporting of the main broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) was coded for visual information. It summarizes the frequency and duration of candidate image bites that were broadcast, in which candidates were shown but not heard speaking, and compares them to sound bites in which candidates were simultaneously seen and heard. The chapter also assesses sound bite content — what the candidates are actually saying in these televised actualities — and introduces a typology for classifying the different types of sound and image bites that appear on the news.
Adam Hodges
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199759590
- eISBN:
- 9780199895335
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759590.003.0005
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
As sound bites and talking points from political speeches circulate in the media, they form the basis of an intertextual series. One effect of forwarding an intertextual series is to further solidify ...
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As sound bites and talking points from political speeches circulate in the media, they form the basis of an intertextual series. One effect of forwarding an intertextual series is to further solidify the larger narrative with which it is associated. However, while reiteration of prior text may maintain fidelity to a meaning already established, it may also introduce new meanings. Challenge and resistance may occur through meta-pragmatic comments that overtly evaluate prior text or through the simple refraction that takes place anytime prior text is introduced into a new context. This chapter examines these different aspects of recontextualization to illustrate how key phrases associated with the narrative are reshaped through social interaction.Less
As sound bites and talking points from political speeches circulate in the media, they form the basis of an intertextual series. One effect of forwarding an intertextual series is to further solidify the larger narrative with which it is associated. However, while reiteration of prior text may maintain fidelity to a meaning already established, it may also introduce new meanings. Challenge and resistance may occur through meta-pragmatic comments that overtly evaluate prior text or through the simple refraction that takes place anytime prior text is introduced into a new context. This chapter examines these different aspects of recontextualization to illustrate how key phrases associated with the narrative are reshaped through social interaction.
William Fitzgerald
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226252537
- eISBN:
- 9780226252568
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226252568.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
In this age of the sound bite, what sort of author could be more relevant than a master of the epigram? Martial, the most influential epigrammatist of classical antiquity, was just such a virtuoso of ...
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In this age of the sound bite, what sort of author could be more relevant than a master of the epigram? Martial, the most influential epigrammatist of classical antiquity, was just such a virtuoso of the form, but despite his pertinence to today's culture, his work has been largely neglected in contemporary scholarship. Arguing that Martial is a major author who deserves more sustained attention, this book provides a tour of his works, shedding light on the Roman poet's world—and how it might speak to our own. Writing in the late first century CE—when the epigram was firmly embedded in the social life of the elites of Rome's elite—Martial published his poems in a series of books that were widely read and enjoyed. Exploring what it means to read such a collection of epigrams, this book examines the paradoxical relationship between the self-enclosed epigram and the book of poems that is more than the sum of its parts. It goes on to show how Martial, by imagining these books being displayed in shops and shipped across the empire to admiring readers, prophetically behaved like a modern author.Less
In this age of the sound bite, what sort of author could be more relevant than a master of the epigram? Martial, the most influential epigrammatist of classical antiquity, was just such a virtuoso of the form, but despite his pertinence to today's culture, his work has been largely neglected in contemporary scholarship. Arguing that Martial is a major author who deserves more sustained attention, this book provides a tour of his works, shedding light on the Roman poet's world—and how it might speak to our own. Writing in the late first century CE—when the epigram was firmly embedded in the social life of the elites of Rome's elite—Martial published his poems in a series of books that were widely read and enjoyed. Exploring what it means to read such a collection of epigrams, this book examines the paradoxical relationship between the self-enclosed epigram and the book of poems that is more than the sum of its parts. It goes on to show how Martial, by imagining these books being displayed in shops and shipped across the empire to admiring readers, prophetically behaved like a modern author.
Kevin G. Barnhurst
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040184
- eISBN:
- 9780252098406
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040184.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Media Studies
This chapter considers the question of whether daily news over the past century has gone along with the modern trend of shorter news. When the occupation of journalist first emerged in the nineteenth ...
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This chapter considers the question of whether daily news over the past century has gone along with the modern trend of shorter news. When the occupation of journalist first emerged in the nineteenth century, realist news was mainly short, and everything in the modern world has seemed to go only faster for more than a century. First radio picked up the pace and then television followed, requiring shorter attention spans. Along came faxes, then electronic mail, and now video messaging. MTV made images move faster, television commercials got shorter, and online ads shrank to a few seconds. Critics call it sound-bite society or McDonaldization, reducing information to nuggets. However, studies show that news has been getting longer, moving away from brief realist descriptions of stand-alone events and aligning with modern impulses toward big-picture explanation. The trend occurred across legacy news media: newspaper reporters writing longer, television reporters speaking more, and even reporters on public radio, the home of extended news, talking more in longer stories.Less
This chapter considers the question of whether daily news over the past century has gone along with the modern trend of shorter news. When the occupation of journalist first emerged in the nineteenth century, realist news was mainly short, and everything in the modern world has seemed to go only faster for more than a century. First radio picked up the pace and then television followed, requiring shorter attention spans. Along came faxes, then electronic mail, and now video messaging. MTV made images move faster, television commercials got shorter, and online ads shrank to a few seconds. Critics call it sound-bite society or McDonaldization, reducing information to nuggets. However, studies show that news has been getting longer, moving away from brief realist descriptions of stand-alone events and aligning with modern impulses toward big-picture explanation. The trend occurred across legacy news media: newspaper reporters writing longer, television reporters speaking more, and even reporters on public radio, the home of extended news, talking more in longer stories.
Martin Camper
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- November 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780190677121
- eISBN:
- 9780190677152
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190677121.003.0004
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Psycholinguistics / Neurolinguistics / Cognitive Linguistics
Chapter 4 turns its attention to the stasis of letter versus spirit. Traditionally, this stasis has been understood as pitting the exact words of a text against the author’s intent, but the chapter ...
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Chapter 4 turns its attention to the stasis of letter versus spirit. Traditionally, this stasis has been understood as pitting the exact words of a text against the author’s intent, but the chapter expands the notion of spirit to include other animating forces of textual meaning, such as an overarching principle of interpretation brought by readers to the text. The chapter shows how both the letter and spirit of a text can be divided, with arguers disputing the text’s real versus apparent letter or the author’s real versus apparent intent. To demonstrate how arguers construe authorial intention for their own ends, the chapter analyzes the controversy during the 2008 presidential campaign over the “God damn America” sound bite extracted from a sermon preached by Jeremiah Wright, Barack Obama’s then-pastor. Critics dismissed Wright’s defense of his intentions, pointing to the sermon’s exact wording as evidence of his, and by extension Obama’s, anti-Americanism.Less
Chapter 4 turns its attention to the stasis of letter versus spirit. Traditionally, this stasis has been understood as pitting the exact words of a text against the author’s intent, but the chapter expands the notion of spirit to include other animating forces of textual meaning, such as an overarching principle of interpretation brought by readers to the text. The chapter shows how both the letter and spirit of a text can be divided, with arguers disputing the text’s real versus apparent letter or the author’s real versus apparent intent. To demonstrate how arguers construe authorial intention for their own ends, the chapter analyzes the controversy during the 2008 presidential campaign over the “God damn America” sound bite extracted from a sermon preached by Jeremiah Wright, Barack Obama’s then-pastor. Critics dismissed Wright’s defense of his intentions, pointing to the sermon’s exact wording as evidence of his, and by extension Obama’s, anti-Americanism.
