Amilcare Porporato and Ignacio Rodríguez-Iturbe
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198566540
- eISBN:
- 9780191718038
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566540.003.0003
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Probability / Statistics
This chapter describes work on a stochastic soil moisture model that has been used to investigate the relationship between the hydrologic and vegetation dynamics ecohydrology in water-controlled ...
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This chapter describes work on a stochastic soil moisture model that has been used to investigate the relationship between the hydrologic and vegetation dynamics ecohydrology in water-controlled ecosystems. Such systems are complex evolving structures whose characteristics and dynamic properties depend on many links between climate, soil, and vegetation. After a discussion of the soil water balance and a brief account of rainfall modeling, infiltration, and runoff, evapotranspiration and drainage are sketched. The probabilistic modeling of the soil moisture process and of long-term water balance are discussed, followed by minimalist modeling of soil moisture dynamics. The chapter concludes with a brief account of plant water stress, with an application to the Kalahari precipitation gradient.Less
This chapter describes work on a stochastic soil moisture model that has been used to investigate the relationship between the hydrologic and vegetation dynamics ecohydrology in water-controlled ecosystems. Such systems are complex evolving structures whose characteristics and dynamic properties depend on many links between climate, soil, and vegetation. After a discussion of the soil water balance and a brief account of rainfall modeling, infiltration, and runoff, evapotranspiration and drainage are sketched. The probabilistic modeling of the soil moisture process and of long-term water balance are discussed, followed by minimalist modeling of soil moisture dynamics. The chapter concludes with a brief account of plant water stress, with an application to the Kalahari precipitation gradient.
Kimberly J. Reever morghan, Jeffrey D. Corbin, and John Gerlach
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520252202
- eISBN:
- 9780520933972
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520252202.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter identifies the ecological factors that influence the availability of water to California grasslands, including abiotic and biotic influences, and describes the extent to which soil water ...
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This chapter identifies the ecological factors that influence the availability of water to California grasslands, including abiotic and biotic influences, and describes the extent to which soil water availability varies temporally, spatially, and as the species traits of the vegetation community change. The influence of climatic conditions, including precipitation, on the productivity and species composition of grasslands are also discussed. Finally, the chapter examines how the shift in community composition due to invasion of non-native species into inland grasslands has influenced soil moisture dynamics in California.Less
This chapter identifies the ecological factors that influence the availability of water to California grasslands, including abiotic and biotic influences, and describes the extent to which soil water availability varies temporally, spatially, and as the species traits of the vegetation community change. The influence of climatic conditions, including precipitation, on the productivity and species composition of grasslands are also discussed. Finally, the chapter examines how the shift in community composition due to invasion of non-native species into inland grasslands has influenced soil moisture dynamics in California.
Park S. Nobel and Edward G. Bobich
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520231573
- eISBN:
- 9780520927889
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520231573.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Plant Sciences and Forestry
This chapter discusses gas exchange and other environmental responses of cacti. It focuses on net CO2 uptake and examines the influence of three key environmental factors—temperature, soil moisture, ...
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This chapter discusses gas exchange and other environmental responses of cacti. It focuses on net CO2 uptake and examines the influence of three key environmental factors—temperature, soil moisture, and solar irradiation absorbed by photosynthetic pigments, i.e., the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)—on CO2 uptake by Opuntia ficus-indica. The response of net CO2 uptake by Opuntia ficus-indica to these three variables is important for predicting its productivity under any environmental condition and serves as a model for assessing the net CO2 uptake, and hence the potential biomass productivity, of other cacti.Less
This chapter discusses gas exchange and other environmental responses of cacti. It focuses on net CO2 uptake and examines the influence of three key environmental factors—temperature, soil moisture, and solar irradiation absorbed by photosynthetic pigments, i.e., the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)—on CO2 uptake by Opuntia ficus-indica. The response of net CO2 uptake by Opuntia ficus-indica to these three variables is important for predicting its productivity under any environmental condition and serves as a model for assessing the net CO2 uptake, and hence the potential biomass productivity, of other cacti.
Matthew McCartney
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- February 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780198766384
- eISBN:
- 9780191820908
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198766384.003.0004
- Subject:
- Biology, Aquatic Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Freshwater ecosystems are naturally dynamic. The source of water, discharge, turnover, and residence times all affect which organisms can live in different freshwater habitats and are key ...
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Freshwater ecosystems are naturally dynamic. The source of water, discharge, turnover, and residence times all affect which organisms can live in different freshwater habitats and are key determinants of freshwater ecosystem structure and function. Human-induced changes to the volume and timing of both surface and ground water flows are a leading driver of global declines in freshwater biodiversity and are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. The conservation of many wetlands around the world, including in some cases the preservation of unique flora and fauna, is now entirely dependent on continued human intervention and water management. Such management can only be successful if based on sound understanding of water budgets and hydrological processes informed by accurate hydrological monitoring. This chapter provides a brief introduction to hydrological monitoring—what needs to be measured and how—for freshwater ecology and conservation.Less
Freshwater ecosystems are naturally dynamic. The source of water, discharge, turnover, and residence times all affect which organisms can live in different freshwater habitats and are key determinants of freshwater ecosystem structure and function. Human-induced changes to the volume and timing of both surface and ground water flows are a leading driver of global declines in freshwater biodiversity and are likely to be exacerbated by climate change. The conservation of many wetlands around the world, including in some cases the preservation of unique flora and fauna, is now entirely dependent on continued human intervention and water management. Such management can only be successful if based on sound understanding of water budgets and hydrological processes informed by accurate hydrological monitoring. This chapter provides a brief introduction to hydrological monitoring—what needs to be measured and how—for freshwater ecology and conservation.
Stephen F. Siebert
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824835361
- eISBN:
- 9780824871826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824835361.003.0002
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This chapter discusses the ecology, diversity, and climbing ability of rattan. It begins with an overview of the biodiversity of tropical forests as well as rattan genera, number of species, and ...
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This chapter discusses the ecology, diversity, and climbing ability of rattan. It begins with an overview of the biodiversity of tropical forests as well as rattan genera, number of species, and their distribution. It then considers the range of ecological conditions under which rattans grow and the importance of water, especially soil moisture, in the diversity, abundance, growth, and development of rattans. It also examines the relationship between rattans and ants, along with the evolution of rattan's climbing organs. Finally, it describes the role of rattan in the formation of canopy gaps and in subsequent plant succession and species composition.Less
This chapter discusses the ecology, diversity, and climbing ability of rattan. It begins with an overview of the biodiversity of tropical forests as well as rattan genera, number of species, and their distribution. It then considers the range of ecological conditions under which rattans grow and the importance of water, especially soil moisture, in the diversity, abundance, growth, and development of rattans. It also examines the relationship between rattans and ants, along with the evolution of rattan's climbing organs. Finally, it describes the role of rattan in the formation of canopy gaps and in subsequent plant succession and species composition.
