Alan Cribb
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199242733
- eISBN:
- 9780191603549
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199242739.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This introductory chapter discusses the ‘diffusion of the health agenda’ and its implications for healthcare and healthcare ethics. It begins with a thumbnail sketch of some fundamental shifts in ...
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This introductory chapter discusses the ‘diffusion of the health agenda’ and its implications for healthcare and healthcare ethics. It begins with a thumbnail sketch of some fundamental shifts in modern health policy and services, and looks briefly at some of the philosophical changes that underpin these shifts — the so-called ‘social turn’ in healthcare. The chapter then reflects upon some of the implications of this diffused agenda for healthcare ethics.Less
This introductory chapter discusses the ‘diffusion of the health agenda’ and its implications for healthcare and healthcare ethics. It begins with a thumbnail sketch of some fundamental shifts in modern health policy and services, and looks briefly at some of the philosophical changes that underpin these shifts — the so-called ‘social turn’ in healthcare. The chapter then reflects upon some of the implications of this diffused agenda for healthcare ethics.
Jessica Brown and Mikkel Gerken
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199693702
- eISBN:
- 9780191741265
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199693702.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This book brings together a number of diverse strands of contemporary research that have focused on knowledge ascriptions. One such strand is the ‘linguistic turn’ according to which knowledge ...
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This book brings together a number of diverse strands of contemporary research that have focused on knowledge ascriptions. One such strand is the ‘linguistic turn’ according to which knowledge ascriptions in ordinary language, together with the best linguistic theory of such ascriptions, provide important evidence for epistemological theorizing. Another is the ‘cognitive turn’ in which research in cognitive science is invoked to shed light on the nature of knowledge ascriptions. Finally, recent years have witnessed a ‘social turn’ within which the social functions of knowledge ascriptions are considered in relation to the growing field of social epistemology. This introductory chapter discusses each of these three turns. It then presents an overview of the subsequent chapters.Less
This book brings together a number of diverse strands of contemporary research that have focused on knowledge ascriptions. One such strand is the ‘linguistic turn’ according to which knowledge ascriptions in ordinary language, together with the best linguistic theory of such ascriptions, provide important evidence for epistemological theorizing. Another is the ‘cognitive turn’ in which research in cognitive science is invoked to shed light on the nature of knowledge ascriptions. Finally, recent years have witnessed a ‘social turn’ within which the social functions of knowledge ascriptions are considered in relation to the growing field of social epistemology. This introductory chapter discusses each of these three turns. It then presents an overview of the subsequent chapters.
Mary Jo Nye
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226610634
- eISBN:
- 9780226610658
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226610658.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This book investigates the role that Michael Polanyi and several of his contemporaries played in the emergence of the social turn in the philosophy of science. This turn involved seeing science as a ...
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This book investigates the role that Michael Polanyi and several of his contemporaries played in the emergence of the social turn in the philosophy of science. This turn involved seeing science as a socially based enterprise that does not rely on empiricism and reason alone but on social communities, behavioral norms, and personal commitments. The author argues that the roots of the social turn are to be found in the scientific culture and political events of Europe in the 1930s, when scientific intellectuals struggled to defend the universal status of scientific knowledge and to justify public support for science in an era of economic catastrophe, Stalinism and Fascism, and increased demands for applications of science to industry and social welfare. At the center of this struggle was Polanyi, who, the author contends, was one of the first advocates of this new conception of science. She reconstructs Polanyi's scientific and political milieus in Budapest, Berlin, and Manchester from the 1910s to the 1950s, and explains how he and other natural scientists and social scientists of his generation—including J. D. Bernal, Ludwik Fleck, Karl Mannheim, and Robert K. Merton—and the next, such as Thomas Kuhn, forged a politically charged philosophy of science, one that newly emphasized the social construction of science.Less
This book investigates the role that Michael Polanyi and several of his contemporaries played in the emergence of the social turn in the philosophy of science. This turn involved seeing science as a socially based enterprise that does not rely on empiricism and reason alone but on social communities, behavioral norms, and personal commitments. The author argues that the roots of the social turn are to be found in the scientific culture and political events of Europe in the 1930s, when scientific intellectuals struggled to defend the universal status of scientific knowledge and to justify public support for science in an era of economic catastrophe, Stalinism and Fascism, and increased demands for applications of science to industry and social welfare. At the center of this struggle was Polanyi, who, the author contends, was one of the first advocates of this new conception of science. She reconstructs Polanyi's scientific and political milieus in Budapest, Berlin, and Manchester from the 1910s to the 1950s, and explains how he and other natural scientists and social scientists of his generation—including J. D. Bernal, Ludwik Fleck, Karl Mannheim, and Robert K. Merton—and the next, such as Thomas Kuhn, forged a politically charged philosophy of science, one that newly emphasized the social construction of science.
M. Norton Wise (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226317038
- eISBN:
- 9780226317175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226317175.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
This essay reflects on the focused intensity of Thomas Kuhn’s mode of work, highlighting his concept of a paradigm as a narrow technical thing, the possession of a tiny community: thus precise, ...
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This essay reflects on the focused intensity of Thomas Kuhn’s mode of work, highlighting his concept of a paradigm as a narrow technical thing, the possession of a tiny community: thus precise, esoteric, and professional. From this narrow character derived the power of a Kuhnian paradigm to produce new scientific knowledge through normal science and to reveal the anomalies that might lead to a new paradigm. But at the same time it insulated the community from larger cultural and social commitments, which would have threatened its effectiveness. From this perspective, Kuhn’s well-known scepticism about the social turn in history of science was built deeply into his most basic ideas about the Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Less
This essay reflects on the focused intensity of Thomas Kuhn’s mode of work, highlighting his concept of a paradigm as a narrow technical thing, the possession of a tiny community: thus precise, esoteric, and professional. From this narrow character derived the power of a Kuhnian paradigm to produce new scientific knowledge through normal science and to reveal the anomalies that might lead to a new paradigm. But at the same time it insulated the community from larger cultural and social commitments, which would have threatened its effectiveness. From this perspective, Kuhn’s well-known scepticism about the social turn in history of science was built deeply into his most basic ideas about the Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
