David Royse, Michele Staton-Tindall, Karen Badger, and J. Matthew Webster
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195368789
- eISBN:
- 9780199863860
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:royes/9780195368789.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Research and Evaluation
Needs assessments are a vital part of an organization's planning, service provision, and evaluation process. Social and human service agencies contemplating starting a new program, expanding an ...
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Needs assessments are a vital part of an organization's planning, service provision, and evaluation process. Social and human service agencies contemplating starting a new program, expanding an existing one, or reviewing existing services ought to conduct a needs assessment. This book is designed to help social workers assess macro problems within their communities and agencies. It provides the essentials needed to understand various ways to conceptualize need and offers practical advice about selecting an appropriate data collection design that incorporates considerations of purpose, stakeholders, and expertise. Two “applied” chapters illustrate how needs assessments can be employed within an agency to identify areas for new staff training, and across a state to obtain an accurate picture of the extent of substance abuse prevention and treatment needs.Less
Needs assessments are a vital part of an organization's planning, service provision, and evaluation process. Social and human service agencies contemplating starting a new program, expanding an existing one, or reviewing existing services ought to conduct a needs assessment. This book is designed to help social workers assess macro problems within their communities and agencies. It provides the essentials needed to understand various ways to conceptualize need and offers practical advice about selecting an appropriate data collection design that incorporates considerations of purpose, stakeholders, and expertise. Two “applied” chapters illustrate how needs assessments can be employed within an agency to identify areas for new staff training, and across a state to obtain an accurate picture of the extent of substance abuse prevention and treatment needs.
Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- November 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199261185
- eISBN:
- 9780191601507
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199261180.003.0010
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
The political values involved in liberalism, democracy, socialism have historically been in conflict, but there is no reason why we cannot see them as complementary. A purely market as well as a ...
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The political values involved in liberalism, democracy, socialism have historically been in conflict, but there is no reason why we cannot see them as complementary. A purely market as well as a fully state-coordinated economy never existed in history. The concepts of liberalism and socialism are elusive ones but they have one common origin: the capitalist revolution and modernity. The social-liberal state that is emerging out of the crisis of the social-democratic state is social because it maintains socialist commitments to social rights, while it gives more room for market competition in the coordination of the economy. It is also social-liberal because, in the social-democratic state, civil servants directly provide social and scientific services, whereas in the social-liberal state, competitive non-profit organizations contacted out and financed by the state already are or will be in charge.Less
The political values involved in liberalism, democracy, socialism have historically been in conflict, but there is no reason why we cannot see them as complementary. A purely market as well as a fully state-coordinated economy never existed in history. The concepts of liberalism and socialism are elusive ones but they have one common origin: the capitalist revolution and modernity. The social-liberal state that is emerging out of the crisis of the social-democratic state is social because it maintains socialist commitments to social rights, while it gives more room for market competition in the coordination of the economy. It is also social-liberal because, in the social-democratic state, civil servants directly provide social and scientific services, whereas in the social-liberal state, competitive non-profit organizations contacted out and financed by the state already are or will be in charge.
Michael W. Foley and Dean R. Hoge
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195188707
- eISBN:
- 9780199785315
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195188707.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Worship communities play important roles in civil society, in a few cases promoting political engagement around homeland causes and immigrant issues. Many communities provide informal or formal ...
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Worship communities play important roles in civil society, in a few cases promoting political engagement around homeland causes and immigrant issues. Many communities provide informal or formal social services to their members; others focus their charitable activities on the needy in inner-city America or abroad. Needier immigrant communities tend primarily to their own, especially in family-style worship communities; others draw on denominational resources to provide for immigrant members and others in their surroundings. More affluent worship communities provide money, goods, and volunteers for causes outside their immediate communities. Circumstances of immigration, the demographic profile of worship communities, and their organizational cultures and religious ties thus explain the considerable variation in the civic presence of immigrant worship communities.Less
Worship communities play important roles in civil society, in a few cases promoting political engagement around homeland causes and immigrant issues. Many communities provide informal or formal social services to their members; others focus their charitable activities on the needy in inner-city America or abroad. Needier immigrant communities tend primarily to their own, especially in family-style worship communities; others draw on denominational resources to provide for immigrant members and others in their surroundings. More affluent worship communities provide money, goods, and volunteers for causes outside their immediate communities. Circumstances of immigration, the demographic profile of worship communities, and their organizational cultures and religious ties thus explain the considerable variation in the civic presence of immigrant worship communities.
Duane Swank
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198297567
- eISBN:
- 9780191600104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198297564.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
The first of three chapters on the implications of electoral politics and the design of political institutions for welfare state adjustment. Swank first provides an overview of two key domestic and ...
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The first of three chapters on the implications of electoral politics and the design of political institutions for welfare state adjustment. Swank first provides an overview of two key domestic and international pressures on developed welfare states: domestic fiscal stress and international capital mobility. He then outlines the theoretical argument that democratic institutions fundamentally determine government responses to domestic and international structural change, focusing on formal and informal institutions and drawing on and fusing insights from ‘power resources’ theory, the new institutionalism, and new cultural arguments about the determinants of social policy in advanced capitalist democracies. The next two sections utilize new data on social welfare effort, national political institutions, and internationalization to provide an econometric assessment of the social policy impacts of domestic fiscal stress and capital mobility during the period 1965 to 1995, looking first at the direct impacts of rises in public sector debt and in international capital mobility on social welfare provision, and second at the welfare state effects of fiscal stress and global capital flows across nationally and temporally divergent democratic institutional contexts; the initial focus is on total social welfare effort and then the analysis is shifted to changes in cash income maintenance and social services. The conclusion assesses the implications of the arguments and findings for the future course of social policy in developed democracies, and potentially bolsters the evidence for the central assertion that domestic institutions systematically determine the direction of welfare state restructuring.Less
The first of three chapters on the implications of electoral politics and the design of political institutions for welfare state adjustment. Swank first provides an overview of two key domestic and international pressures on developed welfare states: domestic fiscal stress and international capital mobility. He then outlines the theoretical argument that democratic institutions fundamentally determine government responses to domestic and international structural change, focusing on formal and informal institutions and drawing on and fusing insights from ‘power resources’ theory, the new institutionalism, and new cultural arguments about the determinants of social policy in advanced capitalist democracies. The next two sections utilize new data on social welfare effort, national political institutions, and internationalization to provide an econometric assessment of the social policy impacts of domestic fiscal stress and capital mobility during the period 1965 to 1995, looking first at the direct impacts of rises in public sector debt and in international capital mobility on social welfare provision, and second at the welfare state effects of fiscal stress and global capital flows across nationally and temporally divergent democratic institutional contexts; the initial focus is on total social welfare effort and then the analysis is shifted to changes in cash income maintenance and social services. The conclusion assesses the implications of the arguments and findings for the future course of social policy in developed democracies, and potentially bolsters the evidence for the central assertion that domestic institutions systematically determine the direction of welfare state restructuring.
Jet Bussemaker and Kees van Kersbergen
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198294160
- eISBN:
- 9780191600142
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294166.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics
Focusing on Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, this chapter initially presents an overview of the distinctive features of the social‐capitalist or conservative welfare state regime and ...
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Focusing on Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, this chapter initially presents an overview of the distinctive features of the social‐capitalist or conservative welfare state regime and their influence on gender relations. The authors go on to discuss how changing gender and family relations are putting pressure on this type of welfare state and the male breadwinner model. Similarities and differences in gender inequalities in the labour market, income maintenance programmes, and social services across the four countries are mapped out.Less
Focusing on Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, this chapter initially presents an overview of the distinctive features of the social‐capitalist or conservative welfare state regime and their influence on gender relations. The authors go on to discuss how changing gender and family relations are putting pressure on this type of welfare state and the male breadwinner model. Similarities and differences in gender inequalities in the labour market, income maintenance programmes, and social services across the four countries are mapped out.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195112481
- eISBN:
- 9780199865826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112481.003.0009
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter discusses the mapping phase of the framework developed in Chapter 7. Case studies are used to illustrate key practice principles and considerations for work in nontraditional settings. ...
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This chapter discusses the mapping phase of the framework developed in Chapter 7. Case studies are used to illustrate key practice principles and considerations for work in nontraditional settings. Each stage in the process consists of description of goals, a brief overview, challenges and rewards, and key practice concepts.Less
This chapter discusses the mapping phase of the framework developed in Chapter 7. Case studies are used to illustrate key practice principles and considerations for work in nontraditional settings. Each stage in the process consists of description of goals, a brief overview, challenges and rewards, and key practice concepts.
Heidi Rolland Unruh and Ronald J. Sider
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195161557
- eISBN:
- 9780199835836
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195161556.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The political controversy surrounding the role of religion in public life calls for more objective attention to the faith factor in social activism. What does it mean for a community-serving program ...
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The political controversy surrounding the role of religion in public life calls for more objective attention to the faith factor in social activism. What does it mean for a community-serving program to be “faith-based”? How do churches and other religious organizations express their religious identity or convey a religious message in the context of social services? Drawing on case studies of fifteen Philadelphia-area Protestant churches with active community outreach, Saving Souls, Serving Society introduces a new vocabulary for describing the religious components and spiritual meanings embedded in social action, and provides a typology of faith-based organizations and programs. This analysis yields a framework for Protestant mission orientations that makes room for the diverse ways that churches interrelate spiritual witness and social compassion. In particular, the debate over faith-based initiatives has highlighted a small but growing segment of churches committed to both saving souls and serving society. The book illuminates the public engagement of these “;conversionist” churches, exploring how they navigate the tension between their spiritual mission and the constraints on evangelism in the context of social services. The closing chapters explicate the potential contribution of religious dynamics to social outcomes, assess the relationship between mission orientations and social capital, present recommendations for research on faith-based social services, and draw implications for a constructive approach to church-state relations. Openness to a fresh perspective can equip policy makers, scholars and practitioners to respond wisely to the evolving complexities of the religious contours of social ministry. Less
The political controversy surrounding the role of religion in public life calls for more objective attention to the faith factor in social activism. What does it mean for a community-serving program to be “faith-based”? How do churches and other religious organizations express their religious identity or convey a religious message in the context of social services? Drawing on case studies of fifteen Philadelphia-area Protestant churches with active community outreach, Saving Souls, Serving Society introduces a new vocabulary for describing the religious components and spiritual meanings embedded in social action, and provides a typology of faith-based organizations and programs. This analysis yields a framework for Protestant mission orientations that makes room for the diverse ways that churches interrelate spiritual witness and social compassion. In particular, the debate over faith-based initiatives has highlighted a small but growing segment of churches committed to both saving souls and serving society. The book illuminates the public engagement of these “;conversionist” churches, exploring how they navigate the tension between their spiritual mission and the constraints on evangelism in the context of social services. The closing chapters explicate the potential contribution of religious dynamics to social outcomes, assess the relationship between mission orientations and social capital, present recommendations for research on faith-based social services, and draw implications for a constructive approach to church-state relations. Openness to a fresh perspective can equip policy makers, scholars and practitioners to respond wisely to the evolving complexities of the religious contours of social ministry.
Michelle L. Meloy and Susan L. Miller
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199765102
- eISBN:
- 9780199944187
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199765102.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This book presents a balanced and comprehensive summary of the most significant research on the victimizations, violence, and victim politics that disproportionately affect women. The chapters ...
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This book presents a balanced and comprehensive summary of the most significant research on the victimizations, violence, and victim politics that disproportionately affect women. The chapters examine the history of violence against women, the surrounding debates, the legal reforms, the related media and social-service responses, and the current science on intimate-partner violence, stalking, sexual harassment, sexual assault, and rape. They augment these victimization findings with original research on women convicted of domestic battery and men convicted of sexual abuse and other sex-related offenses. In these new data, the chapters explore the unanticipated consequences associated with changes to the laws governing domestic violence and the newer forms of sex-offender legislation. Based on qualitative data involving in-depth, offender-based interviews, and analyzing the circumstances surrounding arrests, victimizations, and experiences with the criminal justice system, the book makes great strides forward in understanding and ultimately combating violence against women.Less
This book presents a balanced and comprehensive summary of the most significant research on the victimizations, violence, and victim politics that disproportionately affect women. The chapters examine the history of violence against women, the surrounding debates, the legal reforms, the related media and social-service responses, and the current science on intimate-partner violence, stalking, sexual harassment, sexual assault, and rape. They augment these victimization findings with original research on women convicted of domestic battery and men convicted of sexual abuse and other sex-related offenses. In these new data, the chapters explore the unanticipated consequences associated with changes to the laws governing domestic violence and the newer forms of sex-offender legislation. Based on qualitative data involving in-depth, offender-based interviews, and analyzing the circumstances surrounding arrests, victimizations, and experiences with the criminal justice system, the book makes great strides forward in understanding and ultimately combating violence against women.
James K. Wellman Jr.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300116
- eISBN:
- 9780199868742
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300116.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter on religion and culture argues that H. Richard Niebuhr's model of Christ and Culture is too abstract in this context. The Pacific Northwest has no assumed religious ethos; it is an open ...
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This chapter on religion and culture argues that H. Richard Niebuhr's model of Christ and Culture is too abstract in this context. The Pacific Northwest has no assumed religious ethos; it is an open religious market, where religions live and die on how well they sell their brand. The taken for granted aspects of Protestant mainline and liberal Protestant churches have less success though they do have a market in gay and lesbian men and women who make up nearly a third all these congregations. The evangelical brand offers an extensive program in local and global missions that challenges their congregations to evangelize their community and the world.Less
This chapter on religion and culture argues that H. Richard Niebuhr's model of Christ and Culture is too abstract in this context. The Pacific Northwest has no assumed religious ethos; it is an open religious market, where religions live and die on how well they sell their brand. The taken for granted aspects of Protestant mainline and liberal Protestant churches have less success though they do have a market in gay and lesbian men and women who make up nearly a third all these congregations. The evangelical brand offers an extensive program in local and global missions that challenges their congregations to evangelize their community and the world.
Gerd‐Rainer Horn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199204496
- eISBN:
- 9780191708145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204496.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Whereas the interwar time period saw the most innovative developments within specialised Catholic Action taking place within its working class youth organizations, the closing years of World War Two ...
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Whereas the interwar time period saw the most innovative developments within specialised Catholic Action taking place within its working class youth organizations, the closing years of World War Two and the immediate post‐liberation period witnessed pathbreaking experiences of radicalization above all in its adult working class organizations. The Mouvement Populaire des Familles (MPF) emerged out of concentrated efforts by Catholic social activists to provide much‐needed social services for working class families in the industrial centers of francophone Europe. Employing a variety of often controversial tactics, such as squatting to alleviate the housing crisis, the MPF served as a laboratory and training ground for fearless social movement activists. The MPF promoted experiments in radical united working class action, which on occasion challenged the French Communist Party from the left, side‐by‐side with early explorations of feminist ideals. The MPF eventually helped constitute the French New Left.Less
Whereas the interwar time period saw the most innovative developments within specialised Catholic Action taking place within its working class youth organizations, the closing years of World War Two and the immediate post‐liberation period witnessed pathbreaking experiences of radicalization above all in its adult working class organizations. The Mouvement Populaire des Familles (MPF) emerged out of concentrated efforts by Catholic social activists to provide much‐needed social services for working class families in the industrial centers of francophone Europe. Employing a variety of often controversial tactics, such as squatting to alleviate the housing crisis, the MPF served as a laboratory and training ground for fearless social movement activists. The MPF promoted experiments in radical united working class action, which on occasion challenged the French Communist Party from the left, side‐by‐side with early explorations of feminist ideals. The MPF eventually helped constitute the French New Left.
Rebecca Sager
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195391763
- eISBN:
- 9780199866304
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391763.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
While most research has focused on federal faith‐based initiatives, what has gone largely unnoticed has been how extensive state faith‐based initiatives have become. State faith‐based initiatives are ...
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While most research has focused on federal faith‐based initiatives, what has gone largely unnoticed has been how extensive state faith‐based initiatives have become. State faith‐based initiatives are in fact more advanced in many ways than implementation at the federal level. States have passed significant faith‐based legislation, something the federal government has never been able to do, and state implementation of these initiatives has begun to shape governmental and faith‐based organizational culture. The consistent efforts of state liaisons and faith‐based conferences, with new faith‐based policies, have created greater opportunities for partnership between faith and government sectors, but have very rarely come up with the resources to make these new efforts work for extended periods of time. Analysis of data illustrates that state faith‐based policies and practices are creating an over‐arching cultural shift away from church/state separation to church/state cooperation.Less
While most research has focused on federal faith‐based initiatives, what has gone largely unnoticed has been how extensive state faith‐based initiatives have become. State faith‐based initiatives are in fact more advanced in many ways than implementation at the federal level. States have passed significant faith‐based legislation, something the federal government has never been able to do, and state implementation of these initiatives has begun to shape governmental and faith‐based organizational culture. The consistent efforts of state liaisons and faith‐based conferences, with new faith‐based policies, have created greater opportunities for partnership between faith and government sectors, but have very rarely come up with the resources to make these new efforts work for extended periods of time. Analysis of data illustrates that state faith‐based policies and practices are creating an over‐arching cultural shift away from church/state separation to church/state cooperation.
Heidi Rolland Unruh and Ronald J. Sider
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195161557
- eISBN:
- 9780199835836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195161556.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Religious entities play a vital though limited role in our social safety net. The majority of congregations engage in community-serving activities, though their commitments tend to be shallow. Four ...
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Religious entities play a vital though limited role in our social safety net. The majority of congregations engage in community-serving activities, though their commitments tend to be shallow. Four currents in the broader political and social setting have particular implications for understanding faith-based social services: devolution, faith-based initiatives, changing norms for religion in public life, and ambivalence toward evangelism. Shifting patterns in church-state relations have generated both opportunities and uncertainties. This dynamic context invites a fresh conceptual framework for interpreting churches' public engagement. In particular, new language is needed to describe the “faith factor” that has meaning outside of the religious community, but does not reduce faith to a product of other social variablesLess
Religious entities play a vital though limited role in our social safety net. The majority of congregations engage in community-serving activities, though their commitments tend to be shallow. Four currents in the broader political and social setting have particular implications for understanding faith-based social services: devolution, faith-based initiatives, changing norms for religion in public life, and ambivalence toward evangelism. Shifting patterns in church-state relations have generated both opportunities and uncertainties. This dynamic context invites a fresh conceptual framework for interpreting churches' public engagement. In particular, new language is needed to describe the “faith factor” that has meaning outside of the religious community, but does not reduce faith to a product of other social variables
Thomas Babor, Jonathan Caulkins, Griffith Edwards, Benedikt Fischer, David Foxcroft, Keith Humphreys, Isidore Obot, Jürgen Rehm, Peter Reuter, Robin Room, Ingeborg Rossow, and John Strang
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199557127
- eISBN:
- 9780191721373
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.015
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
Drug users receive help from a variety of health and social services that have been specifically developed for them and that are reviewed in Chapter 9. This chapter moves up one level of analysis to ...
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Drug users receive help from a variety of health and social services that have been specifically developed for them and that are reviewed in Chapter 9. This chapter moves up one level of analysis to consider service programmes in the context of larger systems and their population-level impact. It discusses how health and social service programmes interact with each other and with the more generalized types of service programmes that drug users commonly access, for example those that provide vocational training, welfare benefits, and emergency health care. It also discusses how service systems are organized, funded, and managed.Less
Drug users receive help from a variety of health and social services that have been specifically developed for them and that are reviewed in Chapter 9. This chapter moves up one level of analysis to consider service programmes in the context of larger systems and their population-level impact. It discusses how health and social service programmes interact with each other and with the more generalized types of service programmes that drug users commonly access, for example those that provide vocational training, welfare benefits, and emergency health care. It also discusses how service systems are organized, funded, and managed.
Heidi Rolland Unruh and Ronald J. Sider
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195161557
- eISBN:
- 9780199835836
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195161556.003.0012
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Research on the “faith factor” in solving social problems should take into account the complexity of the religious dynamics of social action. More nuanced understandings of the role of religion in ...
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Research on the “faith factor” in solving social problems should take into account the complexity of the religious dynamics of social action. More nuanced understandings of the role of religion in public life are needed for accurate assessments of the risks and rewards of faith-based initiatives—shifting the focus from whether to how government should partner with faith-based social services. Well-crafted public policy can expand the civic contributions of religious groups with a public mission to serve society. As some Christians emphasize social service as a vehicle for evangelism, it is important to learn whether conversionist, socially engaged churches represent a growing movement. The “both-and” paradigm of a holistic mission orientation bridges the conservative-liberal dualism that has long characterized American Protestantism. Less
Research on the “faith factor” in solving social problems should take into account the complexity of the religious dynamics of social action. More nuanced understandings of the role of religion in public life are needed for accurate assessments of the risks and rewards of faith-based initiatives—shifting the focus from whether to how government should partner with faith-based social services. Well-crafted public policy can expand the civic contributions of religious groups with a public mission to serve society. As some Christians emphasize social service as a vehicle for evangelism, it is important to learn whether conversionist, socially engaged churches represent a growing movement. The “both-and” paradigm of a holistic mission orientation bridges the conservative-liberal dualism that has long characterized American Protestantism.
Daniela Kroos and Karin Gottschall
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199797899
- eISBN:
- 9780199933488
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199797899.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
In the current era of deregulation the growth of social services has reinforced labor market dualization, undermining hope for the settlement of pressing societal needs and women’s labor market ...
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In the current era of deregulation the growth of social services has reinforced labor market dualization, undermining hope for the settlement of pressing societal needs and women’s labor market integration, especially in Bismarckian welfare regimes. Through comparative analysis of changing employment structures and training schemes in the social services sector, this chapter reveals varying degrees of labor market dualization in Germany and France. The different legacy of a ‘high road’ of social service provision and employment allowing for the labor market integration of mothers in France contrasts with a more semi-professional ‘low road’ based on a strong male breadwinner model in Germany, generating less pronounced insider-outsider divides in France than in Germany. Nevertheless, precarious employment in expanding social services such as elderly care is on the rise in both countries, challenging the role of the welfare state as a model employer.Less
In the current era of deregulation the growth of social services has reinforced labor market dualization, undermining hope for the settlement of pressing societal needs and women’s labor market integration, especially in Bismarckian welfare regimes. Through comparative analysis of changing employment structures and training schemes in the social services sector, this chapter reveals varying degrees of labor market dualization in Germany and France. The different legacy of a ‘high road’ of social service provision and employment allowing for the labor market integration of mothers in France contrasts with a more semi-professional ‘low road’ based on a strong male breadwinner model in Germany, generating less pronounced insider-outsider divides in France than in Germany. Nevertheless, precarious employment in expanding social services such as elderly care is on the rise in both countries, challenging the role of the welfare state as a model employer.
Alec Stone Sweet and James A. Caporaso
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- April 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198294641
- eISBN:
- 9780191601071
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198294646.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
Proposes and tests a theory of legal integration as a process by which a supranational legal system has been constructed in Europe, centred on the European Court of Justice. It argues that legal ...
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Proposes and tests a theory of legal integration as a process by which a supranational legal system has been constructed in Europe, centred on the European Court of Justice. It argues that legal integration has been driven by the emergence and consolidation of specific causal linkages between three factors: transnational exchange, triadic dispute resolution, and the production of legal rules. Once forged, these linkages generate a self‐sustaining dynamic that serves to expand the scope of supranational governance and to accelerate the institutionalization of existing supranational policy‐making authority at the expense of intergovernmental arrangements. The chapter begins by elaborating the principal‐agent model of delegation that is supported by the intergovernmentalist approach, and provides a theoretic explanation of the process by which bargaining between the principals (national governments) is replaced by decision‐making within the agents (supranational organizations). The application of the theory is tested against two policy domains—the free movement of goods and the provision of social services.Less
Proposes and tests a theory of legal integration as a process by which a supranational legal system has been constructed in Europe, centred on the European Court of Justice. It argues that legal integration has been driven by the emergence and consolidation of specific causal linkages between three factors: transnational exchange, triadic dispute resolution, and the production of legal rules. Once forged, these linkages generate a self‐sustaining dynamic that serves to expand the scope of supranational governance and to accelerate the institutionalization of existing supranational policy‐making authority at the expense of intergovernmental arrangements. The chapter begins by elaborating the principal‐agent model of delegation that is supported by the intergovernmentalist approach, and provides a theoretic explanation of the process by which bargaining between the principals (national governments) is replaced by decision‐making within the agents (supranational organizations). The application of the theory is tested against two policy domains—the free movement of goods and the provision of social services.
Patricia Brownell
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195173727
- eISBN:
- 9780199893218
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173727.003.0036
- Subject:
- Social Work, Health and Mental Health
This chapter addresses the practice of social work in public welfare and social services; settings from which the profession has retreated. A survey by the National Association of Social Workers ...
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This chapter addresses the practice of social work in public welfare and social services; settings from which the profession has retreated. A survey by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) indicated less than 1% of membership worked in these public sector settings. The chapter describes historic and contemporary roles of professional social workers in public welfare and social services, including work in income maintenance, adult protective services, special housing programs, HIV/AIDS services, kinship care, and domestic violence programs. It describes the dilemmas and tensions inherent in these roles.Less
This chapter addresses the practice of social work in public welfare and social services; settings from which the profession has retreated. A survey by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) indicated less than 1% of membership worked in these public sector settings. The chapter describes historic and contemporary roles of professional social workers in public welfare and social services, including work in income maintenance, adult protective services, special housing programs, HIV/AIDS services, kinship care, and domestic violence programs. It describes the dilemmas and tensions inherent in these roles.
Kimberly J. Morgan and Andrea Louise Campbell
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199730346
- eISBN:
- 9780199918447
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199730346.003.0003
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines the creation of Medicare in 1965 and explains why a delegated administrative structure was chosen for this program. Debates over the program are examined through the lens of ...
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This chapter examines the creation of Medicare in 1965 and explains why a delegated administrative structure was chosen for this program. Debates over the program are examined through the lens of larger conflicts over state-building in the post-1945 period. The chapter also compares the creation of Medicare to the development of two directly administered programs—Social Security and the Veterans Administration health care system. In contrast to these programs, which were created in the 1920 and 1930s, Medicare was forged at a time when an array of health care interest groups was present on the political scene and could exploit latent public antipathy toward government. To build a coalition around the new program, direct federal administration of Medicare program was abandoned in favour of contracting out to non-state actors. This chapter briefly follows the post-passage trajectory of Medicare administration and discusses how decisions about its governance affected program cost and quality.Less
This chapter examines the creation of Medicare in 1965 and explains why a delegated administrative structure was chosen for this program. Debates over the program are examined through the lens of larger conflicts over state-building in the post-1945 period. The chapter also compares the creation of Medicare to the development of two directly administered programs—Social Security and the Veterans Administration health care system. In contrast to these programs, which were created in the 1920 and 1930s, Medicare was forged at a time when an array of health care interest groups was present on the political scene and could exploit latent public antipathy toward government. To build a coalition around the new program, direct federal administration of Medicare program was abandoned in favour of contracting out to non-state actors. This chapter briefly follows the post-passage trajectory of Medicare administration and discusses how decisions about its governance affected program cost and quality.
Melvin Delgado
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301182
- eISBN:
- 9780199863679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301182.003.0005
- Subject:
- Social Work, Communities and Organizations
This chapter discusses how service access has been conceptualized over an extended period of time, and offers a variety of frameworks from which to develop a better understanding of different ways of ...
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This chapter discusses how service access has been conceptualized over an extended period of time, and offers a variety of frameworks from which to develop a better understanding of different ways of viewing culture as an important construct in the development of services. It also provides a framework for a multifaceted perspective on access to services. These two frameworks in combination serve as theoretical and practical guides for understanding the barriers Latinos face in receiving social services, and must be utilized simultaneously to achieve their intended goals. Finally, two critical social systems with particular relevance to the issue of access are discussed (correctional and child welfare).Less
This chapter discusses how service access has been conceptualized over an extended period of time, and offers a variety of frameworks from which to develop a better understanding of different ways of viewing culture as an important construct in the development of services. It also provides a framework for a multifaceted perspective on access to services. These two frameworks in combination serve as theoretical and practical guides for understanding the barriers Latinos face in receiving social services, and must be utilized simultaneously to achieve their intended goals. Finally, two critical social systems with particular relevance to the issue of access are discussed (correctional and child welfare).
Carey Anthony Watt
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195668025
- eISBN:
- 9780199081905
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195668025.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter explores how the ideas and practices of seva were transformed in early twentieth century colonial India. It first investigates the changing ideas of seva, and the way in which service as ...
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This chapter explores how the ideas and practices of seva were transformed in early twentieth century colonial India. It first investigates the changing ideas of seva, and the way in which service as action was related to other Indian concepts of dharma, bhakti and sannyas. It also explores the reasons behind the proliferation of social service associations, sabhas, and samitis in the1910s. The author describes how the assistance of pilgrims at Hindu fairs (such as the Kumbh Melas of 1915, 1918) and pilgrimage centres became one of their most visible undertakings. An examination of concrete, practical examples of active service, including the Indian Boy Scouts Association (begun by Annie Besant) and the Girl Guide Movement, is provided. The author also describes how social service and self-help organizations were involved in educational efforts and the cultivation of bodily health, both concepts being linked to the creation of an active and responsible citizenry.Less
This chapter explores how the ideas and practices of seva were transformed in early twentieth century colonial India. It first investigates the changing ideas of seva, and the way in which service as action was related to other Indian concepts of dharma, bhakti and sannyas. It also explores the reasons behind the proliferation of social service associations, sabhas, and samitis in the1910s. The author describes how the assistance of pilgrims at Hindu fairs (such as the Kumbh Melas of 1915, 1918) and pilgrimage centres became one of their most visible undertakings. An examination of concrete, practical examples of active service, including the Indian Boy Scouts Association (begun by Annie Besant) and the Girl Guide Movement, is provided. The author also describes how social service and self-help organizations were involved in educational efforts and the cultivation of bodily health, both concepts being linked to the creation of an active and responsible citizenry.
