Duncan Gallie
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- July 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199271849
- eISBN:
- 9780191602733
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199271844.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union
This chapter analyses the social exclusion theory, which associates unemployment with poverty and social isolation. Studies showed support for a vicious cycle linking unemployment and poverty. ...
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This chapter analyses the social exclusion theory, which associates unemployment with poverty and social isolation. Studies showed support for a vicious cycle linking unemployment and poverty. Unemployment led to higher poverty risks; poverty was a significant obstacle to employment. However, no such links were observed for social isolation. Unemployment caused little change in people’s social lives; no evidence showed social isolation as a significant barrier to employment.Less
This chapter analyses the social exclusion theory, which associates unemployment with poverty and social isolation. Studies showed support for a vicious cycle linking unemployment and poverty. Unemployment led to higher poverty risks; poverty was a significant obstacle to employment. However, no such links were observed for social isolation. Unemployment caused little change in people’s social lives; no evidence showed social isolation as a significant barrier to employment.
Duncan Gallie
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263143
- eISBN:
- 9780191734939
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263143.003.0006
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Research and Statistics
This chapter explains the processes that lead people to become vulnerable to labour market marginalisation through unemployment. It first focuses on incentives to work and suggests that unemployment ...
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This chapter explains the processes that lead people to become vulnerable to labour market marginalisation through unemployment. It first focuses on incentives to work and suggests that unemployment is the result of a motivational deficit, which is linked to a system of welfare benefits that reduces the value that people attach to work. It then discusses social exclusion, which suggests that once people become unemployed, they are caught in a vicious circle of poverty and social isolation that in turn sharply reduce their opportunities for employment. Finally, it looks at the argument that the critical factor is related to the changing patterns of skills in advanced societies and the nature of the training provision for the updating and modification of skills.Less
This chapter explains the processes that lead people to become vulnerable to labour market marginalisation through unemployment. It first focuses on incentives to work and suggests that unemployment is the result of a motivational deficit, which is linked to a system of welfare benefits that reduces the value that people attach to work. It then discusses social exclusion, which suggests that once people become unemployed, they are caught in a vicious circle of poverty and social isolation that in turn sharply reduce their opportunities for employment. Finally, it looks at the argument that the critical factor is related to the changing patterns of skills in advanced societies and the nature of the training provision for the updating and modification of skills.
Frances Sheldon and Pam Firth
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199216420
- eISBN:
- 9780191730306
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216420.003.0003
- Subject:
- Palliative Care, Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making, Palliative Medicine Research
This chapter examines the psychosocial impact of advanced metastatic cancer on the patient and family. It discusses the results of several studies indicating that social isolation is a major issue ...
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This chapter examines the psychosocial impact of advanced metastatic cancer on the patient and family. It discusses the results of several studies indicating that social isolation is a major issue for patients who have been suffering from cancer for a long time and that metastatic cancer patients and their spouses also experience a decrease in sexual drive, recreation, and style and content of communication. Other research also reveals that changes or improvement in cancer treatment have led many children to live much of their childhood with a sick parent and they can often become young carers.Less
This chapter examines the psychosocial impact of advanced metastatic cancer on the patient and family. It discusses the results of several studies indicating that social isolation is a major issue for patients who have been suffering from cancer for a long time and that metastatic cancer patients and their spouses also experience a decrease in sexual drive, recreation, and style and content of communication. Other research also reveals that changes or improvement in cancer treatment have led many children to live much of their childhood with a sick parent and they can often become young carers.
Mario Luis Small
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195384352
- eISBN:
- 9780199869893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195384352.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, American Politics
This chapter examines those conditions under which mothers who were so weakly tied that no theorist would expect them to provide social support often provided such support anyway. It finds that ...
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This chapter examines those conditions under which mothers who were so weakly tied that no theorist would expect them to provide social support often provided such support anyway. It finds that centers both intentionally and unintentionally facilitated trust among parents and instituted obligations that the latter felt compelled to follow. These conditions at times generated a supportive network of acquaintances that mothers could call upon. This network, however, was only useful or important among mothers who were highly isolated or otherwise resource‐deprived.Less
This chapter examines those conditions under which mothers who were so weakly tied that no theorist would expect them to provide social support often provided such support anyway. It finds that centers both intentionally and unintentionally facilitated trust among parents and instituted obligations that the latter felt compelled to follow. These conditions at times generated a supportive network of acquaintances that mothers could call upon. This network, however, was only useful or important among mothers who were highly isolated or otherwise resource‐deprived.
Randall Fuller
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195313925
- eISBN:
- 9780199787753
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195313925.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Criticism/Theory
This chapter describes a curious incident that occurred as F. O. Matthiessen completed the opening section on Emerson for his magisterial American Renaissance: he, too, suffered a nervous breakdown. ...
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This chapter describes a curious incident that occurred as F. O. Matthiessen completed the opening section on Emerson for his magisterial American Renaissance: he, too, suffered a nervous breakdown. Even more curious: as he writes in his journal about the causes for his suicidal depression, he uses Emerson's language to express himself. Matthiessen's vocalization of Emerson suggests not only an unsettling identification but also a profound uneasiness with the writer. While Matthiessen may have found in the American Scholar a vocational model that promised to unify culture and so rescue the intellectual from social isolation, he also discovered in Emerson's writing radical contradictions he believed were symptomatic of his own position as public intellectual — and private homosexual — in American society.Less
This chapter describes a curious incident that occurred as F. O. Matthiessen completed the opening section on Emerson for his magisterial American Renaissance: he, too, suffered a nervous breakdown. Even more curious: as he writes in his journal about the causes for his suicidal depression, he uses Emerson's language to express himself. Matthiessen's vocalization of Emerson suggests not only an unsettling identification but also a profound uneasiness with the writer. While Matthiessen may have found in the American Scholar a vocational model that promised to unify culture and so rescue the intellectual from social isolation, he also discovered in Emerson's writing radical contradictions he believed were symptomatic of his own position as public intellectual — and private homosexual — in American society.
James Lubben, Elizabeth M. Tracy, Sandra Edmonds Crewe, Erika L. Sabbath, Melanie Gironda, Carrie Johnson, Jooyoung Kong, Michelle R. Munson, and Suzanne Brown
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780190858988
- eISBN:
- 9780190859015
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190858988.003.0006
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy, Research and Evaluation
Social isolation is a silent killer -- as dangerous to health as smoking. National and global health organizations have underscored the hidden, deadly, and pervasive hazards stemming from feeling ...
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Social isolation is a silent killer -- as dangerous to health as smoking. National and global health organizations have underscored the hidden, deadly, and pervasive hazards stemming from feeling alone and abandoned. Our challenge is to educate the public on this health hazard, encourage health and human service professionals to address social isolation, and promote effective ways to deepen social connections and community for people of all ages.Less
Social isolation is a silent killer -- as dangerous to health as smoking. National and global health organizations have underscored the hidden, deadly, and pervasive hazards stemming from feeling alone and abandoned. Our challenge is to educate the public on this health hazard, encourage health and human service professionals to address social isolation, and promote effective ways to deepen social connections and community for people of all ages.
Irene Hardill
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847427212
- eISBN:
- 9781447302193
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847427212.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
Throughout the European Union, rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book ...
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Throughout the European Union, rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book presents the findings of a comparative study of unemployed youth in Europe using a large and original data set. It addresses some of the key questions around the issue, including: How do young people cope with unemployment? Does unemployment lead to social exclusion of young people, implying a withdrawal from society, financial deprivation, and social isolation? Drawing on a research sample of over 17,000 young unemployed people in ten European countries, the book examines how different welfare strategies and fiscal structures in different countries influence the risk of social exclusion among unemployed youth. It also considers different dimensions of social exclusion, such as financial hardship, political participation, social isolation, and mental health among unemployed young people. Gender differences in unemployment and outcome are analysed as a result of gender specific coping strategies and unemployment behaviour. The results illuminate, in particular, the contrast between different welfare regimes in the north and south of Europe.Less
Throughout the European Union, rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book presents the findings of a comparative study of unemployed youth in Europe using a large and original data set. It addresses some of the key questions around the issue, including: How do young people cope with unemployment? Does unemployment lead to social exclusion of young people, implying a withdrawal from society, financial deprivation, and social isolation? Drawing on a research sample of over 17,000 young unemployed people in ten European countries, the book examines how different welfare strategies and fiscal structures in different countries influence the risk of social exclusion among unemployed youth. It also considers different dimensions of social exclusion, such as financial hardship, political participation, social isolation, and mental health among unemployed young people. Gender differences in unemployment and outcome are analysed as a result of gender specific coping strategies and unemployment behaviour. The results illuminate, in particular, the contrast between different welfare regimes in the north and south of Europe.
Michael Marmot and Richard G. Wilkinson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198565895
- eISBN:
- 9780191723988
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565895.003.02
- Subject:
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Public Health, Epidemiology
This chapter takes up the issue of biological plausibility. It addresses two issues: First, is it plausible that the organization of work, degree of social isolation, and sense of control over life ...
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This chapter takes up the issue of biological plausibility. It addresses two issues: First, is it plausible that the organization of work, degree of social isolation, and sense of control over life could affect the likelihood of developing and dying from chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease? The various biological pathways that can plausibly change the risk of developing major disease are discussed. The second issue is more complicated — do any of the plausible biological pathways actually operate; that is, not could they cause disease, but do they? The evidence on this is incomplete and is an important topic for current and future research, but it is sufficiently suggestive to point to hypotheses for testing.Less
This chapter takes up the issue of biological plausibility. It addresses two issues: First, is it plausible that the organization of work, degree of social isolation, and sense of control over life could affect the likelihood of developing and dying from chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease? The various biological pathways that can plausibly change the risk of developing major disease are discussed. The second issue is more complicated — do any of the plausible biological pathways actually operate; that is, not could they cause disease, but do they? The evidence on this is incomplete and is an important topic for current and future research, but it is sufficiently suggestive to point to hypotheses for testing.
Louise Hawkley
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- December 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190947927
- eISBN:
- 9780190947934
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190947927.003.0011
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter reviews research on the links between social isolation and health, distinguishes between objective and subjective isolation (i.e., loneliness), outlines physiological processes that ...
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This chapter reviews research on the links between social isolation and health, distinguishes between objective and subjective isolation (i.e., loneliness), outlines physiological processes that underlie the health outcomes associated with isolation and loneliness, and considers hypertension as a case study of a health condition that would theoretically be expected to be more prevalent among more isolated than less isolated adults. The case of Ashker v. Governor of California provided an opportunity to test the hypothesis that solitary confinement is associated with hypertension. The chapter uses data from the Pelican Bay State Prison to test this hypothesis, and discusses the results and their implications not only for the practice of extended periods of solitary confinement but also for the theorized causal role of loneliness and isolation in explaining health and longevity.Less
This chapter reviews research on the links between social isolation and health, distinguishes between objective and subjective isolation (i.e., loneliness), outlines physiological processes that underlie the health outcomes associated with isolation and loneliness, and considers hypertension as a case study of a health condition that would theoretically be expected to be more prevalent among more isolated than less isolated adults. The case of Ashker v. Governor of California provided an opportunity to test the hypothesis that solitary confinement is associated with hypertension. The chapter uses data from the Pelican Bay State Prison to test this hypothesis, and discusses the results and their implications not only for the practice of extended periods of solitary confinement but also for the theorized causal role of loneliness and isolation in explaining health and longevity.
Richard C. Keller
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226251110
- eISBN:
- 9780226256436
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226256436.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
Chapter 2 delves into the story of the hundred bodies abandoned to public burial in the aftermath of the heat wave. It describes the demographic characteristics of the group, and highlights the ways ...
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Chapter 2 delves into the story of the hundred bodies abandoned to public burial in the aftermath of the heat wave. It describes the demographic characteristics of the group, and highlights the ways in which these forgotten victims are both representative of and an important departure from the aggregate portrait of the “typical” heat wave victim as presented in state reports. The chapter tells the story of the “forgotten” from a media and political perspective, interpreting closely the dozens of stories produced about the group in the daily press, magazines, television news, documentary film, and books. It travels from a public cemetery to nearly every section of Paris, from luxurious buildings in the city center to the sidewalks of decaying neighborhoods, detailing the methods used to track down the individual stories of those who frame this book. But it also highlights the powerful intersection of invisibility and vulnerability, of forgetting and marginalization, that the disaster revealed. The stories of the heat wave's forgotten victims provide an indication of how public memory of the disaster has contributed to a public imagination of those who died as social isolates who had made their own vulnerability and predetermined their own fates.Less
Chapter 2 delves into the story of the hundred bodies abandoned to public burial in the aftermath of the heat wave. It describes the demographic characteristics of the group, and highlights the ways in which these forgotten victims are both representative of and an important departure from the aggregate portrait of the “typical” heat wave victim as presented in state reports. The chapter tells the story of the “forgotten” from a media and political perspective, interpreting closely the dozens of stories produced about the group in the daily press, magazines, television news, documentary film, and books. It travels from a public cemetery to nearly every section of Paris, from luxurious buildings in the city center to the sidewalks of decaying neighborhoods, detailing the methods used to track down the individual stories of those who frame this book. But it also highlights the powerful intersection of invisibility and vulnerability, of forgetting and marginalization, that the disaster revealed. The stories of the heat wave's forgotten victims provide an indication of how public memory of the disaster has contributed to a public imagination of those who died as social isolates who had made their own vulnerability and predetermined their own fates.
Anja Machielse and Roelof Hortulanus
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9781447300908
- eISBN:
- 9781447307822
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447300908.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gerontology and Ageing
This chapter discusses the important role of social relationships for ageing well in contemporary society, where people are less able to fall back on 'given' bonds such as family or neighbourhood ...
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This chapter discusses the important role of social relationships for ageing well in contemporary society, where people are less able to fall back on 'given' bonds such as family or neighbourhood relationships, and good personal competencies are necessary to make meaningful contacts. These contacts are crucial for dealing with problematic situations and circumstances with which people are confronted, and which tend to happen more often as people age. In this chapter the personal networks of Dutch older adults are described; it shows that two-thirds of them have a supportive social network. For the rest, the social network is less attractive; they are lonely or socially isolated. The empirical data make clear that the extent to which older adults are embedded in a meaningful social network has enriching consequences for their dealing with major life events and their chances of aging well. It shows that well-being is the greatest when people succeed at finding a good balance between individual autonomy and independence on one hand, and connectedness with others in a meaningful and supportive network on the other.Less
This chapter discusses the important role of social relationships for ageing well in contemporary society, where people are less able to fall back on 'given' bonds such as family or neighbourhood relationships, and good personal competencies are necessary to make meaningful contacts. These contacts are crucial for dealing with problematic situations and circumstances with which people are confronted, and which tend to happen more often as people age. In this chapter the personal networks of Dutch older adults are described; it shows that two-thirds of them have a supportive social network. For the rest, the social network is less attractive; they are lonely or socially isolated. The empirical data make clear that the extent to which older adults are embedded in a meaningful social network has enriching consequences for their dealing with major life events and their chances of aging well. It shows that well-being is the greatest when people succeed at finding a good balance between individual autonomy and independence on one hand, and connectedness with others in a meaningful and supportive network on the other.
Sarah Halpern-Meekin
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781479891214
- eISBN:
- 9781479857432
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479891214.003.0002
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter elaborates on the concept of social poverty, engaging with previous theory and research across the fields of sociology, psychology, and health to explain the importance of social poverty ...
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This chapter elaborates on the concept of social poverty, engaging with previous theory and research across the fields of sociology, psychology, and health to explain the importance of social poverty and its particular salience in the lives of young, unmarried parents with new babies and limited budgets. The concept of social poverty contrasts with much of the social capital literature’s emphasis, which often focuses on the use value of social ties rather than their inherent value to people. Social poverty is marked by the perceived absence of relationships that are of adequate quality to meet socioemotional needs. Social poverty, including feelings of loneliness or social isolation, can have consequences for psychological and physical health. Young, poor parents are making a variety of life transitions to adulthood, partnership, and parenthood, which can raise the risk of social poverty by creating instability and making it more difficult to develop trust in relationships.Less
This chapter elaborates on the concept of social poverty, engaging with previous theory and research across the fields of sociology, psychology, and health to explain the importance of social poverty and its particular salience in the lives of young, unmarried parents with new babies and limited budgets. The concept of social poverty contrasts with much of the social capital literature’s emphasis, which often focuses on the use value of social ties rather than their inherent value to people. Social poverty is marked by the perceived absence of relationships that are of adequate quality to meet socioemotional needs. Social poverty, including feelings of loneliness or social isolation, can have consequences for psychological and physical health. Young, poor parents are making a variety of life transitions to adulthood, partnership, and parenthood, which can raise the risk of social poverty by creating instability and making it more difficult to develop trust in relationships.
Simon Pemberton
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781847427946
- eISBN:
- 9781447307846
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847427946.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This chapter scrutinises the performance of the selected nation states and the regime types in relation to autonomy and relational harms. The harms included in this chapter are poverty, child ...
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This chapter scrutinises the performance of the selected nation states and the regime types in relation to autonomy and relational harms. The harms included in this chapter are poverty, child poverty, financial insecurity, long working hours, youth unemployment and social isolation. The chapter demonstrates the facets of specific societies that appear to militate against or serve to exacerbate the production of these harms – in particular, the extent to which societies fetter the extraction of surplus value, therefore willing to regulate the capital–labour relation and provide support for those who are excluded from paid work.Less
This chapter scrutinises the performance of the selected nation states and the regime types in relation to autonomy and relational harms. The harms included in this chapter are poverty, child poverty, financial insecurity, long working hours, youth unemployment and social isolation. The chapter demonstrates the facets of specific societies that appear to militate against or serve to exacerbate the production of these harms – in particular, the extent to which societies fetter the extraction of surplus value, therefore willing to regulate the capital–labour relation and provide support for those who are excluded from paid work.
Jonathan M. Cheek and Elena N. Krasnoperova
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195118872
- eISBN:
- 9780199848232
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195118872.003.0013
- Subject:
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology
This chapter offers data and a model that may shed light on the developmental course of shyness and social inhibition. It describes the various psychological literatures to explore the short and ...
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This chapter offers data and a model that may shed light on the developmental course of shyness and social inhibition. It describes the various psychological literatures to explore the short and long-term effects of three constructs commonly used to describe social reticence (behavioral inhibition, social isolation, and shyness) and their relationship to social phobia. It begins with a conceptualization of shyness. There is evidence for stability of behavioral inhibition over time, even though the associations are only moderate. In addition, correlates of behavioral inhibition include theoretically related constructs and disorders such as shyness, specific fears, separation anxiety, and social isolation. It is noted that there is much overlap in behavioral inhibition and social phobia, as well as some differences. However, it is likely that at least some of the children in these various categories suffer from the same condition, and the model proposes one heuristic conceptualization of the relationships among these constructs.Less
This chapter offers data and a model that may shed light on the developmental course of shyness and social inhibition. It describes the various psychological literatures to explore the short and long-term effects of three constructs commonly used to describe social reticence (behavioral inhibition, social isolation, and shyness) and their relationship to social phobia. It begins with a conceptualization of shyness. There is evidence for stability of behavioral inhibition over time, even though the associations are only moderate. In addition, correlates of behavioral inhibition include theoretically related constructs and disorders such as shyness, specific fears, separation anxiety, and social isolation. It is noted that there is much overlap in behavioral inhibition and social phobia, as well as some differences. However, it is likely that at least some of the children in these various categories suffer from the same condition, and the model proposes one heuristic conceptualization of the relationships among these constructs.
Thomas Kieselbach
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861345547
- eISBN:
- 9781447304357
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861345547.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility
This chapter contributes a differentiated perspective towards integration and exclusion by presenting the findings of qualitative research into the risks of social exclusion faced by ...
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This chapter contributes a differentiated perspective towards integration and exclusion by presenting the findings of qualitative research into the risks of social exclusion faced by long-term-unemployed young people in six European countries. Applying the multidimensional concept of social exclusion developed by Kronauer to varying European socioeconomic and socio-cultural contexts, this social relationship is found to take very different forms. The dimension of social isolation (more frequent in Northern Europe) in fact counteracts the more economic or labour-market-related aspects of social exclusion. Also, the dimension of institutional exclusion is contradictory because the existence of state institutions not only provides support but also causes stigmatisation, while young people in Southern Europe do not expect anything from institutions.Less
This chapter contributes a differentiated perspective towards integration and exclusion by presenting the findings of qualitative research into the risks of social exclusion faced by long-term-unemployed young people in six European countries. Applying the multidimensional concept of social exclusion developed by Kronauer to varying European socioeconomic and socio-cultural contexts, this social relationship is found to take very different forms. The dimension of social isolation (more frequent in Northern Europe) in fact counteracts the more economic or labour-market-related aspects of social exclusion. Also, the dimension of institutional exclusion is contradictory because the existence of state institutions not only provides support but also causes stigmatisation, while young people in Southern Europe do not expect anything from institutions.
Robert A. Scott
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520262751
- eISBN:
- 9780520946200
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520262751.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, World Religions
This chapter examines four social factors directly related to the onset, course, and outcome of illnesses in contemporary populations. Research demonstrates that two of them—stress and emotions—are ...
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This chapter examines four social factors directly related to the onset, course, and outcome of illnesses in contemporary populations. Research demonstrates that two of them—stress and emotions—are directly related to the onset of illness, and two others—shame and social isolation—can exacerbate existing illnesses. Due to the lack of clinical data for the medieval period, the chapter cannot say that these factors were singly or collectively responsible for anyone's illness. However, what is known about the circumstances of daily living and the role that social, situational, and psychological factors play in illness suggests that they contributed significantly to high rates of morbidity. One widely accepted hypothesis posits that stress increases the body's allostatic load. Allostasis refers to the body's tendency to increase or decrease the rate of certain vital functions to achieve a new steady state in response to external challenges.Less
This chapter examines four social factors directly related to the onset, course, and outcome of illnesses in contemporary populations. Research demonstrates that two of them—stress and emotions—are directly related to the onset of illness, and two others—shame and social isolation—can exacerbate existing illnesses. Due to the lack of clinical data for the medieval period, the chapter cannot say that these factors were singly or collectively responsible for anyone's illness. However, what is known about the circumstances of daily living and the role that social, situational, and psychological factors play in illness suggests that they contributed significantly to high rates of morbidity. One widely accepted hypothesis posits that stress increases the body's allostatic load. Allostasis refers to the body's tendency to increase or decrease the rate of certain vital functions to achieve a new steady state in response to external challenges.
Carly Offidani-Bertrand
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501746888
- eISBN:
- 9781501746895
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501746888.003.0007
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
This chapter turns to the role of racial-ethnic identity-based campus organizations in helping or hindering students to manage feelings of being othered. Upon arrival on campus, racial-ethnic ...
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This chapter turns to the role of racial-ethnic identity-based campus organizations in helping or hindering students to manage feelings of being othered. Upon arrival on campus, racial-ethnic minority students find themselves dramatically outnumbered by White students, taught by largely White professors, and learning about White historical figures and artifacts. Because of the segregated nature of American K–12 schooling, this shift into suddenly being racially-ethnically outnumbered can be a significant challenge to campus integration. Mounting feelings of social isolation add an additional layer of stress atop an already difficult transition. Away from home for the first time, many minority students feel culturally lost as they begin their new life as college students. Students' perspectives on being othered ranged from feeling that their peers appreciated their differences to feeling stereotyped as the sole representative of their group. The extent to which they had counterspaces helped them process those feelings and celebrate their differences as diversity.Less
This chapter turns to the role of racial-ethnic identity-based campus organizations in helping or hindering students to manage feelings of being othered. Upon arrival on campus, racial-ethnic minority students find themselves dramatically outnumbered by White students, taught by largely White professors, and learning about White historical figures and artifacts. Because of the segregated nature of American K–12 schooling, this shift into suddenly being racially-ethnically outnumbered can be a significant challenge to campus integration. Mounting feelings of social isolation add an additional layer of stress atop an already difficult transition. Away from home for the first time, many minority students feel culturally lost as they begin their new life as college students. Students' perspectives on being othered ranged from feeling that their peers appreciated their differences to feeling stereotyped as the sole representative of their group. The extent to which they had counterspaces helped them process those feelings and celebrate their differences as diversity.
Donald Rakow and Gregory T. Eells
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501715280
- eISBN:
- 9781501715303
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501715280.001.0001
- Subject:
- Education, Higher and Further Education
College students today display disturbing levels of stress, depression, and other psychological conditions. The reasons for this rise in mental health problems are many, from increased reliance on ...
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College students today display disturbing levels of stress, depression, and other psychological conditions. The reasons for this rise in mental health problems are many, from increased reliance on electronic technology, the related prevalence of social isolation, and anxiety regarding societal ills. College and university counselling centers are challenged to address student demand for psychological services, with many counseling directors having to reduce the number of visits for non-crisis patients to cope with the increasing number of clients.
While more serious mental health problems will continue to be addressed through intensive counseling, medications and, in extreme cases, hospitalization, the majority of young people can positively impact their mental well-being by simply spending time outside in nature. A large body of scientific evidence verifies that time spent in natural settings can lower young people's stress levels, anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate, and improve memory and cognitive functions.
College Nature Rx programs encourage students to spend time in nature and to develop greater appreciation for the natural world. We present a step-by-step formula for how such programs can be constructed, sustained, and evaluated, and profile four progressive Nature Rx programs at American colleges. In a final chapter, we argue for the need for such programs to the future health and strength of such institutions.Less
College students today display disturbing levels of stress, depression, and other psychological conditions. The reasons for this rise in mental health problems are many, from increased reliance on electronic technology, the related prevalence of social isolation, and anxiety regarding societal ills. College and university counselling centers are challenged to address student demand for psychological services, with many counseling directors having to reduce the number of visits for non-crisis patients to cope with the increasing number of clients.
While more serious mental health problems will continue to be addressed through intensive counseling, medications and, in extreme cases, hospitalization, the majority of young people can positively impact their mental well-being by simply spending time outside in nature. A large body of scientific evidence verifies that time spent in natural settings can lower young people's stress levels, anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate, and improve memory and cognitive functions.
College Nature Rx programs encourage students to spend time in nature and to develop greater appreciation for the natural world. We present a step-by-step formula for how such programs can be constructed, sustained, and evaluated, and profile four progressive Nature Rx programs at American colleges. In a final chapter, we argue for the need for such programs to the future health and strength of such institutions.
Torild Hammer (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343680
- eISBN:
- 9781447304388
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343680.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Social Policy
Throughout the European Union, rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book ...
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Throughout the European Union, rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book presents the findings of a comparative study of unemployed youth in Europe using a large and original data set. It addresses some of the key questions around the issue including: How do young people cope with unemployment? Does unemployment lead to social exclusion of young people, implying a withdrawal from society, financial deprivation and social isolation? Drawing on a research sample of over 17,000 young unemployed people in ten European countries, the book examines how different welfare strategies and fiscal structures in different countries influence the risk of social exclusion among unemployed youth. It also considers different dimensions of social exclusion, such as financial hardship, political participation, social isolation and mental health among unemployed young people. Gender differences in unemployment and outcome are analysed as a result of gender specific coping strategies and unemployment behaviour. The results illuminate, in particular, the contrast between different welfare regimes in the north and south of Europe.Less
Throughout the European Union, rates of unemployment among young people tend to be higher than among the general population and there is a serious risk of marginalisation and exclusion. This book presents the findings of a comparative study of unemployed youth in Europe using a large and original data set. It addresses some of the key questions around the issue including: How do young people cope with unemployment? Does unemployment lead to social exclusion of young people, implying a withdrawal from society, financial deprivation and social isolation? Drawing on a research sample of over 17,000 young unemployed people in ten European countries, the book examines how different welfare strategies and fiscal structures in different countries influence the risk of social exclusion among unemployed youth. It also considers different dimensions of social exclusion, such as financial hardship, political participation, social isolation and mental health among unemployed young people. Gender differences in unemployment and outcome are analysed as a result of gender specific coping strategies and unemployment behaviour. The results illuminate, in particular, the contrast between different welfare regimes in the north and south of Europe.
Barbara Barbosa Neves, Ron Baecker, Diana Carvalho, and Alexandra Sanders
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- January 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781447339946
- eISBN:
- 9781447339984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447339946.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Marriage and the Family
This chapter reports on the design and implementation of cross-disciplinary research methods for investigating technology adoption in later life as well as family and life course dynamics. Drawing on ...
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This chapter reports on the design and implementation of cross-disciplinary research methods for investigating technology adoption in later life as well as family and life course dynamics. Drawing on a mixed methods, action research project on technology and social connectedness, facilitated by a team of sociologists and human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers, it examines the use of a digital communication technology to study social isolation and loneliness in later life. The chapter first provides an overview of the deployment and feasibility design of the study, the deployment stages and procedures, data analysis and participants before discussing the lessons learned. It concludes with an assessment of the challenges and opportunities of cross-disciplinary and mixed-method research to study technologies, families, and the life course. One of the ways that cross-disciplinary mixed methods approaches can enhance family and life course studies is by capturing the immediacy of life transitions.Less
This chapter reports on the design and implementation of cross-disciplinary research methods for investigating technology adoption in later life as well as family and life course dynamics. Drawing on a mixed methods, action research project on technology and social connectedness, facilitated by a team of sociologists and human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers, it examines the use of a digital communication technology to study social isolation and loneliness in later life. The chapter first provides an overview of the deployment and feasibility design of the study, the deployment stages and procedures, data analysis and participants before discussing the lessons learned. It concludes with an assessment of the challenges and opportunities of cross-disciplinary and mixed-method research to study technologies, families, and the life course. One of the ways that cross-disciplinary mixed methods approaches can enhance family and life course studies is by capturing the immediacy of life transitions.
