Mike Huggins
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719065286
- eISBN:
- 9781781701669
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719065286.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Betting was an intensely social activity, which avoided direct competition within families or communities by focusing interest on indirect competition between horses and jockeys. Betting aroused ...
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Betting was an intensely social activity, which avoided direct competition within families or communities by focusing interest on indirect competition between horses and jockeys. Betting aroused powerful emotions and strong opposition in wider British society. This chapter examines the nature of the opposition to betting. Those who disliked it, found it irrelevant or disagreed with it and those who enjoyed betting, accepted it or felt involved with it. Between the wars gambling was growing in popularity, while anti-gambling and anti-betting feeling was losing some of its power. Opposition to betting and gambling therefore also covered a range of arguments concerned with the economic, physical and social damage they caused. Most people recognised that excessive gambling could lead to poverty, and that if gamblers gambled more than they could afford this could have social costs.Less
Betting was an intensely social activity, which avoided direct competition within families or communities by focusing interest on indirect competition between horses and jockeys. Betting aroused powerful emotions and strong opposition in wider British society. This chapter examines the nature of the opposition to betting. Those who disliked it, found it irrelevant or disagreed with it and those who enjoyed betting, accepted it or felt involved with it. Between the wars gambling was growing in popularity, while anti-gambling and anti-betting feeling was losing some of its power. Opposition to betting and gambling therefore also covered a range of arguments concerned with the economic, physical and social damage they caused. Most people recognised that excessive gambling could lead to poverty, and that if gamblers gambled more than they could afford this could have social costs.
Vincenzo Ruggiero
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199248117
- eISBN:
- 9780191697708
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248117.003.0008
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter suggests that political and administrative corruption may gain criminological relevance if the focus of research is shifted towards the study of the social damage caused by this ...
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This chapter suggests that political and administrative corruption may gain criminological relevance if the focus of research is shifted towards the study of the social damage caused by this behaviour. It discusses the most relevant issues arising from the international literature on political and administrative corruption and provides an example of political corruption in Italy. It also attempts to estimate the costs of corruption and suggests that these costs pertain mainly to the realm of human and political rights.Less
This chapter suggests that political and administrative corruption may gain criminological relevance if the focus of research is shifted towards the study of the social damage caused by this behaviour. It discusses the most relevant issues arising from the international literature on political and administrative corruption and provides an example of political corruption in Italy. It also attempts to estimate the costs of corruption and suggests that these costs pertain mainly to the realm of human and political rights.
Cecily Rose
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780198737216
- eISBN:
- 9780191800726
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198737216.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Law of Obligations
This chapter discusses the 2003 United Nations Convention against Corruption, which is the most comprehensive and universal of the anti-corruption instruments. Despite its binding status as a ...
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This chapter discusses the 2003 United Nations Convention against Corruption, which is the most comprehensive and universal of the anti-corruption instruments. Despite its binding status as a multilateral treaty, UNCAC has a limited capacity to influence the domestic legal systems of its States Parties because of its inclusion of a large number of non-mandatory criminalization provisions, and otherwise vague and imprecise norms. These weak provisions are ‘trapped’ in a binding multilateral treaty that has little capacity to evolve, and is therefore less effective than the other anti-corruption instruments studied in this book. In addition, States Parties may decide not to implement many of the Convention’s provisions because they contain qualified and non-mandatory language. The prevalence of non-mandatory criminalization provisions has the potential to impede domestic enforcement of the Convention by weakening the provisions on international cooperation, in particular extradition and mutual legal assistance.Less
This chapter discusses the 2003 United Nations Convention against Corruption, which is the most comprehensive and universal of the anti-corruption instruments. Despite its binding status as a multilateral treaty, UNCAC has a limited capacity to influence the domestic legal systems of its States Parties because of its inclusion of a large number of non-mandatory criminalization provisions, and otherwise vague and imprecise norms. These weak provisions are ‘trapped’ in a binding multilateral treaty that has little capacity to evolve, and is therefore less effective than the other anti-corruption instruments studied in this book. In addition, States Parties may decide not to implement many of the Convention’s provisions because they contain qualified and non-mandatory language. The prevalence of non-mandatory criminalization provisions has the potential to impede domestic enforcement of the Convention by weakening the provisions on international cooperation, in particular extradition and mutual legal assistance.
Carlo Carraro and Gilbert E. Metcalf (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- February 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780226094816
- eISBN:
- 9780226094809
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226094809.001.0001
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are ...
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Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements.Less
Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements.
