Michael Moran
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199247578
- eISBN:
- 9780191601996
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199247579.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
This chapter examines the competing images of the regulatory state. It looks at the regulatory state as an American state, a European Madisonian state, a smart state, and a risk state. It then ...
More
This chapter examines the competing images of the regulatory state. It looks at the regulatory state as an American state, a European Madisonian state, a smart state, and a risk state. It then analyses the British state as a regulatory state. The discussion of risk society and regulatory society sketches a very different kind of hypothetical understanding, one that promises to account for the hyper-innovation of recent decades.Less
This chapter examines the competing images of the regulatory state. It looks at the regulatory state as an American state, a European Madisonian state, a smart state, and a risk state. It then analyses the British state as a regulatory state. The discussion of risk society and regulatory society sketches a very different kind of hypothetical understanding, one that promises to account for the hyper-innovation of recent decades.
George A. Lopez and David Cortright
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195395914
- eISBN:
- 9780199776801
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395914.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
The development and reform of smart sanctions makes them a critical element of strategic peacebuilding, specifically in their ability to restrict war and to counter terrorism. Lopez and Cortright ...
More
The development and reform of smart sanctions makes them a critical element of strategic peacebuilding, specifically in their ability to restrict war and to counter terrorism. Lopez and Cortright examine the shortcomings and lessons learned from counter-terrorism efforts, in particular those led by the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) and Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED). To address the root causes of terrorism, they argue, efforts must promote good governance, economic development, and human rights—all of which are central aims of strategic peacebuilding. The authors provide recommendations for increasing regional capacities and decreasing redundancy and overlap in UN Security Council counter-terrorism efforts.Less
The development and reform of smart sanctions makes them a critical element of strategic peacebuilding, specifically in their ability to restrict war and to counter terrorism. Lopez and Cortright examine the shortcomings and lessons learned from counter-terrorism efforts, in particular those led by the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) and Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED). To address the root causes of terrorism, they argue, efforts must promote good governance, economic development, and human rights—all of which are central aims of strategic peacebuilding. The authors provide recommendations for increasing regional capacities and decreasing redundancy and overlap in UN Security Council counter-terrorism efforts.
Axel Michaels
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195343021
- eISBN:
- 9780199866984
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343021.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Hinduism
This chapter deals with the Great Night of Śiva (Mahāśivarātri), the main festival of the Smārta Hindus in Deopatan, celebrated by pilgrimage and night vigils. It discusses the calendrical, ...
More
This chapter deals with the Great Night of Śiva (Mahāśivarātri), the main festival of the Smārta Hindus in Deopatan, celebrated by pilgrimage and night vigils. It discusses the calendrical, historical and mythological problems of the festival. As it seems, the Śāha kings of Nepal have strongly supported it by attracting pilgrims and revered ascetics from India in order to promote the pure, vegetarian religiosity in Nepal.Less
This chapter deals with the Great Night of Śiva (Mahāśivarātri), the main festival of the Smārta Hindus in Deopatan, celebrated by pilgrimage and night vigils. It discusses the calendrical, historical and mythological problems of the festival. As it seems, the Śāha kings of Nepal have strongly supported it by attracting pilgrims and revered ascetics from India in order to promote the pure, vegetarian religiosity in Nepal.
Shauna Pomerantz and Rebecca Raby
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284142
- eISBN:
- 9780520959798
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284142.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that ...
More
Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that girls now play on an equal playing field so have nothing to complain about. But contrary to the widespread belief that girls have surpassed the need for support because they are ‘doing well’ in school, smart girls struggle in ways that have been made invisible. Why do some girls choose to dumb down? How do smart girls handle being labeled ‘nerd’ or ‘loner? How do they deal with stress, including the ‘Supergirl’ drive for perfection? How are race and class part of smart girls’ negotiations of academic success? And how do smart girls engage with the sexism that is still present in schools, in spite of messages to the contrary? Set against the powerful backdrops of post-feminism and neo-liberalism where girls are told they now ‘have it all’, Smart Girls sheds light on girls’ varied everyday experiences, strategic negotiations of traditional gender norms, and the savoring of success – all while keeping their eyes on an A+ and a bright future.Less
Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that girls now play on an equal playing field so have nothing to complain about. But contrary to the widespread belief that girls have surpassed the need for support because they are ‘doing well’ in school, smart girls struggle in ways that have been made invisible. Why do some girls choose to dumb down? How do smart girls handle being labeled ‘nerd’ or ‘loner? How do they deal with stress, including the ‘Supergirl’ drive for perfection? How are race and class part of smart girls’ negotiations of academic success? And how do smart girls engage with the sexism that is still present in schools, in spite of messages to the contrary? Set against the powerful backdrops of post-feminism and neo-liberalism where girls are told they now ‘have it all’, Smart Girls sheds light on girls’ varied everyday experiences, strategic negotiations of traditional gender norms, and the savoring of success – all while keeping their eyes on an A+ and a bright future.
John McCormick
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199556212
- eISBN:
- 9780191721830
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199556212.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, European Union, International Relations and Politics
Chapter 8 examines the qualities of Europeanism as they relate to perceptions about relations between Europe and the rest of the world. After centuries of assertion—expressed most obviously by ...
More
Chapter 8 examines the qualities of Europeanism as they relate to perceptions about relations between Europe and the rest of the world. After centuries of assertion—expressed most obviously by colonialism and imperialism—post‐war Europe has fundamentally altered the way it sees itself in the world. Europeans have emphasized Kantian peace and cooperation in their dealings with each other, while on the global stage they have switched away from reliance on military power towards civilian power. They have also adopted a combination of hard and soft power tools, now increasingly described as smart power, or an adept use of a balance of coercion and encouragement. Europeanism champions internationalism, engagement, diplomacy, and multilateralism, not—as some would have us believe—because they no longer can afford large militaries, but because their history has suggested to them the futility of a reliance on militarism, and instead encouraged them to seek the achievement of perpetual and positive peace.Less
Chapter 8 examines the qualities of Europeanism as they relate to perceptions about relations between Europe and the rest of the world. After centuries of assertion—expressed most obviously by colonialism and imperialism—post‐war Europe has fundamentally altered the way it sees itself in the world. Europeans have emphasized Kantian peace and cooperation in their dealings with each other, while on the global stage they have switched away from reliance on military power towards civilian power. They have also adopted a combination of hard and soft power tools, now increasingly described as smart power, or an adept use of a balance of coercion and encouragement. Europeanism champions internationalism, engagement, diplomacy, and multilateralism, not—as some would have us believe—because they no longer can afford large militaries, but because their history has suggested to them the futility of a reliance on militarism, and instead encouraged them to seek the achievement of perpetual and positive peace.
J. R. Watson
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270027
- eISBN:
- 9780191600784
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/019827002X.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Discusses about John Byrom. Reviews the hymns of the Evangelical Revival: Toplady, Smart. Cowper and Newton and the publication of Olney Hymns.
Discusses about John Byrom. Reviews the hymns of the Evangelical Revival: Toplady, Smart. Cowper and Newton and the publication of Olney Hymns.
Susan W. Brenner
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195333480
- eISBN:
- 9780199855353
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333480.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Intellectual Property, IT, and Media Law
This chapter explains that “smart” technology incorporates artificial intelligence and performs tasks for people, instead of facilitating their performance of tasks. The archetype of smart ambient ...
More
This chapter explains that “smart” technology incorporates artificial intelligence and performs tasks for people, instead of facilitating their performance of tasks. The archetype of smart ambient technology is the smart home or the smart office. The chapter explains what each is. It demonstrates how smart, environmentally embedded technology changes our relationship with technology. It notes the related phenomenon of embedding technology in ourselves to create cyborgs. Futurists believe this will be an aspect of our not-too-distant future. The chapter explains that the analysis in the remaining chapters concentrates only on environmental, smart technologies for two reasons: One is that the cyborg phenomenon will not become significant for many years; the other is that the approach outlined in Chapters 7 and 8 can accommodate cyborg misuse of technology.Less
This chapter explains that “smart” technology incorporates artificial intelligence and performs tasks for people, instead of facilitating their performance of tasks. The archetype of smart ambient technology is the smart home or the smart office. The chapter explains what each is. It demonstrates how smart, environmentally embedded technology changes our relationship with technology. It notes the related phenomenon of embedding technology in ourselves to create cyborgs. Futurists believe this will be an aspect of our not-too-distant future. The chapter explains that the analysis in the remaining chapters concentrates only on environmental, smart technologies for two reasons: One is that the cyborg phenomenon will not become significant for many years; the other is that the approach outlined in Chapters 7 and 8 can accommodate cyborg misuse of technology.
J. R. Watson (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198269731
- eISBN:
- 9780191600791
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198269730.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
Contains 15 hymns from the period of the Evangelical Revival, featuring writers such as Toplady, Newton, Cowper, and Smart. It also features two great Welsh hymns from the period, and three ...
More
Contains 15 hymns from the period of the Evangelical Revival, featuring writers such as Toplady, Newton, Cowper, and Smart. It also features two great Welsh hymns from the period, and three paraphrases from the Scottish metrical psalm and paraphrase book of 1781.Less
Contains 15 hymns from the period of the Evangelical Revival, featuring writers such as Toplady, Newton, Cowper, and Smart. It also features two great Welsh hymns from the period, and three paraphrases from the Scottish metrical psalm and paraphrase book of 1781.
John Paul Lederach
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195174540
- eISBN:
- 9780199835409
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195174542.003.0011
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter focuses on links between serendipity and real politics. It argues that in the real world, the element that historically assures extinction is unidirectionality and tunnel vision, a ...
More
This chapter focuses on links between serendipity and real politics. It argues that in the real world, the element that historically assures extinction is unidirectionality and tunnel vision, a single-mindedness of process and response in pursuit of a purpose. Survival requires adaptation to constantly changing environments, finding ways to move sideways while maintaining clarity of purpose. The capacities that create the serendipitous moment, the capacity to give birth to discovery and through discovery to give birth to constructive change are discussed. These include acquiring and building a capacity for peripheral vision, developing creative learning disciplines, and sustaining platforms that are smart flexible.Less
This chapter focuses on links between serendipity and real politics. It argues that in the real world, the element that historically assures extinction is unidirectionality and tunnel vision, a single-mindedness of process and response in pursuit of a purpose. Survival requires adaptation to constantly changing environments, finding ways to move sideways while maintaining clarity of purpose. The capacities that create the serendipitous moment, the capacity to give birth to discovery and through discovery to give birth to constructive change are discussed. These include acquiring and building a capacity for peripheral vision, developing creative learning disciplines, and sustaining platforms that are smart flexible.
Phillip Wiebe
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- April 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780195140125
- eISBN:
- 9780199835492
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195140125.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines several challenges coming from naturalistic perspectives to the thesis of this book, including: (a) the view of J. J. C. Smart, who claims that naturalism (or physicalism) is ...
More
This chapter examines several challenges coming from naturalistic perspectives to the thesis of this book, including: (a) the view of J. J. C. Smart, who claims that naturalism (or physicalism) is capable of providing explanations for all significant events to date, and that whatever is not now successfully explained, in a short time will be; (b) the view of Donald Wiebe and others who claim that the language of religion is mythopoeic and consequently not suitable for description and explanation in ways that resemble the language of cognitive discourse, including science; and (c) the claim of Kai Nielsen and others that the claims of Judaeo-Christian faith are inconsistent with one another and consequently are not capable of rational assessment. The reconstructed theory of religion advanced in earlier chapters is shown to be capable of overcoming these difficulties.Less
This chapter examines several challenges coming from naturalistic perspectives to the thesis of this book, including: (a) the view of J. J. C. Smart, who claims that naturalism (or physicalism) is capable of providing explanations for all significant events to date, and that whatever is not now successfully explained, in a short time will be; (b) the view of Donald Wiebe and others who claim that the language of religion is mythopoeic and consequently not suitable for description and explanation in ways that resemble the language of cognitive discourse, including science; and (c) the claim of Kai Nielsen and others that the claims of Judaeo-Christian faith are inconsistent with one another and consequently are not capable of rational assessment. The reconstructed theory of religion advanced in earlier chapters is shown to be capable of overcoming these difficulties.
Vinod K. Wadhawan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199229178
- eISBN:
- 9780191711282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229178.003.0010
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter on machine intelligence reiterates Hawkins' viewpoint that genuine artificial intelligence can be developed only by emulating the neocortical structure of the mammalian brain. The pros ...
More
This chapter on machine intelligence reiterates Hawkins' viewpoint that genuine artificial intelligence can be developed only by emulating the neocortical structure of the mammalian brain. The pros and cons of developing machine intelligence are analysed. The section on smart robots in based mainly on the works of Brooks and Moravec. The evolutionary aspect of distributed machine intelligence in general, and robotics in particular, is described. The projected near-term and long-term applications of intelligent machines are presented briefly. Finally, there is a section on the ‘brave new world of intelligent structures’. Kurzweil's prediction is quoted, according to which, before the end of the present century, humans will be able to coevolve with their intelligent machines via neural transplants that will enable them to upload their carbon-based neural chemistry into the prevailing hardware of the intelligent machines. Humans will simply merge with the intelligent machines.Less
This chapter on machine intelligence reiterates Hawkins' viewpoint that genuine artificial intelligence can be developed only by emulating the neocortical structure of the mammalian brain. The pros and cons of developing machine intelligence are analysed. The section on smart robots in based mainly on the works of Brooks and Moravec. The evolutionary aspect of distributed machine intelligence in general, and robotics in particular, is described. The projected near-term and long-term applications of intelligent machines are presented briefly. Finally, there is a section on the ‘brave new world of intelligent structures’. Kurzweil's prediction is quoted, according to which, before the end of the present century, humans will be able to coevolve with their intelligent machines via neural transplants that will enable them to upload their carbon-based neural chemistry into the prevailing hardware of the intelligent machines. Humans will simply merge with the intelligent machines.
Vinod K. Wadhawan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199229178
- eISBN:
- 9780191711282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229178.003.0011
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter on the future of smart structures naturally has a high element of speculation. It begins by listing the already existing applications of smart structures and systems. It then follows the ...
More
This chapter on the future of smart structures naturally has a high element of speculation. It begins by listing the already existing applications of smart structures and systems. It then follows the ‘short-term projections’, which are certainly in the realm of the possible. On the other hand, the ‘long-term projections’ are substantially a matter of opinion, and are therefore highly debatable. But it is certain that developments in nanoscience, nanotechnology, and computation science are going to make a qualitative difference to our lives through the effects they will have on smart structures of the future.Less
This chapter on the future of smart structures naturally has a high element of speculation. It begins by listing the already existing applications of smart structures and systems. It then follows the ‘short-term projections’, which are certainly in the realm of the possible. On the other hand, the ‘long-term projections’ are substantially a matter of opinion, and are therefore highly debatable. But it is certain that developments in nanoscience, nanotechnology, and computation science are going to make a qualitative difference to our lives through the effects they will have on smart structures of the future.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0011
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
In 1908, Mencken was asked to become the new literary critic of The Smart Set magazine. Over the next fifteen years, Mencken would write 182 essays in which he reviewed some 2,000 books. The Smart ...
More
In 1908, Mencken was asked to become the new literary critic of The Smart Set magazine. Over the next fifteen years, Mencken would write 182 essays in which he reviewed some 2,000 books. The Smart Set gave Mencken a national venue to express his controversial views on American literature. He also met George Jean Nathan, a theater critic, and the two became fast friends. Mencken worked on his fourth book, Men Versus the Man, where he presents his views on individualism, Social Darwinism, and race.Less
In 1908, Mencken was asked to become the new literary critic of The Smart Set magazine. Over the next fifteen years, Mencken would write 182 essays in which he reviewed some 2,000 books. The Smart Set gave Mencken a national venue to express his controversial views on American literature. He also met George Jean Nathan, a theater critic, and the two became fast friends. Mencken worked on his fourth book, Men Versus the Man, where he presents his views on individualism, Social Darwinism, and race.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
With the advent of the Progressive era, Mencken began to question American attitudes towards emotion, conformity, and Puritanism. This was brought home to him when he watched William Jennings Bryan ...
More
With the advent of the Progressive era, Mencken began to question American attitudes towards emotion, conformity, and Puritanism. This was brought home to him when he watched William Jennings Bryan speak at the 1912 Democratic National Convention. Mencken takes a trip to Germany rekindle his deep attachment to the land of his forebears. Influencing him in this regard were his conversations with friends, Percival Pollard and James Huneker, both writers who had influenced his reading as an adolescent. Mencken began to write a series of articles that examined Americans. He also continued his work at The Smart Set magazine, and met his future publisher, Alfred Knopf, as the war in Europe got closer to America.Less
With the advent of the Progressive era, Mencken began to question American attitudes towards emotion, conformity, and Puritanism. This was brought home to him when he watched William Jennings Bryan speak at the 1912 Democratic National Convention. Mencken takes a trip to Germany rekindle his deep attachment to the land of his forebears. Influencing him in this regard were his conversations with friends, Percival Pollard and James Huneker, both writers who had influenced his reading as an adolescent. Mencken began to write a series of articles that examined Americans. He also continued his work at The Smart Set magazine, and met his future publisher, Alfred Knopf, as the war in Europe got closer to America.
Marion Elizabeth Rodgers
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195072389
- eISBN:
- 9780199787982
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195072389.003.0015
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
In September 1914, Mencken became the new editor of The Smart Set, the magazine that he began to edit with partner, drama critic George Jean Nathan. Their discovery of new, realistic writers included ...
More
In September 1914, Mencken became the new editor of The Smart Set, the magazine that he began to edit with partner, drama critic George Jean Nathan. Their discovery of new, realistic writers included Ruth Suckow, Eugene O'Neill, Willa Cather, Ben Hecht, F. Scott Fitzgerald and James Branch Cabell, Edgar Lee Masters, W. E. B. Dubois, James Joyce, as well as Latino and immigrant writers. Together, they were viewed as the leaders in changing the literary and dramatic scene. To offset the costs of printing, Mencken and Nathan launched Black Mask, a detective magazine that launched the career of Dashiell Hammett.Less
In September 1914, Mencken became the new editor of The Smart Set, the magazine that he began to edit with partner, drama critic George Jean Nathan. Their discovery of new, realistic writers included Ruth Suckow, Eugene O'Neill, Willa Cather, Ben Hecht, F. Scott Fitzgerald and James Branch Cabell, Edgar Lee Masters, W. E. B. Dubois, James Joyce, as well as Latino and immigrant writers. Together, they were viewed as the leaders in changing the literary and dramatic scene. To offset the costs of printing, Mencken and Nathan launched Black Mask, a detective magazine that launched the career of Dashiell Hammett.
Vinod K. Wadhawan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199229178
- eISBN:
- 9780191711282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229178.003.0001
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter presents an overview of the subject of artificial smart structures, and introduces the fields of biomimetics and bio-inspired computing. It emphasizes that nonlinear response is the crux ...
More
This chapter presents an overview of the subject of artificial smart structures, and introduces the fields of biomimetics and bio-inspired computing. It emphasizes that nonlinear response is the crux of field-tunability of properties, so essential for achieving adaptability in smart structures. The essence of nonlinear response is described here; however, the appendices on nonlinear-dynamical systems and on chaos should be read for a more detailed description. The various causes of nonlinear response of materials are delineated. A distinction is made between smart systems, structures, and materials, as well as between functional materials and smart materials. The importance of scale in the performance characteristics of materials and structures is described. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of what is in store for us in the future. As argued by Moravec, artificial smart structures are on a Darwinian-like evolutionary trajectory, and, assisted by us, their evolution will occur millions of times faster than biological evolution.Less
This chapter presents an overview of the subject of artificial smart structures, and introduces the fields of biomimetics and bio-inspired computing. It emphasizes that nonlinear response is the crux of field-tunability of properties, so essential for achieving adaptability in smart structures. The essence of nonlinear response is described here; however, the appendices on nonlinear-dynamical systems and on chaos should be read for a more detailed description. The various causes of nonlinear response of materials are delineated. A distinction is made between smart systems, structures, and materials, as well as between functional materials and smart materials. The importance of scale in the performance characteristics of materials and structures is described. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of what is in store for us in the future. As argued by Moravec, artificial smart structures are on a Darwinian-like evolutionary trajectory, and, assisted by us, their evolution will occur millions of times faster than biological evolution.
Vinod K. Wadhawan
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199229178
- eISBN:
- 9780191711282
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229178.003.0008
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter is about sensors in general, and smart sensor systems in particular. Optical-fibre sensing and communication are also described. MEMS are introduced, which are miniaturized and smart ...
More
This chapter is about sensors in general, and smart sensor systems in particular. Optical-fibre sensing and communication are also described. MEMS are introduced, which are miniaturized and smart sensors cum actuators with a high degree of integrability into IC chips. The various fabrication techniques for MEMS (including those for RF MEMS) are surveyed. Perceptive networks are introduced, which are distributed sensing and actuation systems with a capacity for developing swarm intelligence (like a beehive). Other topics covered in this chapter are the human sensing system, humanistic intelligence, and bioelectronic sensors.Less
This chapter is about sensors in general, and smart sensor systems in particular. Optical-fibre sensing and communication are also described. MEMS are introduced, which are miniaturized and smart sensors cum actuators with a high degree of integrability into IC chips. The various fabrication techniques for MEMS (including those for RF MEMS) are surveyed. Perceptive networks are introduced, which are distributed sensing and actuation systems with a capacity for developing swarm intelligence (like a beehive). Other topics covered in this chapter are the human sensing system, humanistic intelligence, and bioelectronic sensors.
Yuri Balashov
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579921
- eISBN:
- 9780191722899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579921.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Science
The chapter situates the rival view of persistence in the relativistic framework of Minkowski spacetime. This immediately introduces novel features (such as ”crisscrossing slices” and ”corner slices” ...
More
The chapter situates the rival view of persistence in the relativistic framework of Minkowski spacetime. This immediately introduces novel features (such as ”crisscrossing slices” and ”corner slices” of objects' paths) and raises questions about the very legitimacy of relativistic endurance and exdurance. These questions are further examined in a historical review of important earlier work by Quine and Smart and in a critical discussion of recent work. Special attention is given to reconciling the existence of ”crisscrossing slices” with the demands of a suitable version of a principle, due to Gilmore, that ”multilocation requires immanent causation” (MURIC). The overall conclusion of the chapter is that none of the major views of persistence is a non‐starter in Minkowski spacetime, and none seems to be seriously handicapped. If any view enjoys a privilege, more work is needed to demonstrate it. The following chapters take up this task.Less
The chapter situates the rival view of persistence in the relativistic framework of Minkowski spacetime. This immediately introduces novel features (such as ”crisscrossing slices” and ”corner slices” of objects' paths) and raises questions about the very legitimacy of relativistic endurance and exdurance. These questions are further examined in a historical review of important earlier work by Quine and Smart and in a critical discussion of recent work. Special attention is given to reconciling the existence of ”crisscrossing slices” with the demands of a suitable version of a principle, due to Gilmore, that ”multilocation requires immanent causation” (MURIC). The overall conclusion of the chapter is that none of the major views of persistence is a non‐starter in Minkowski spacetime, and none seems to be seriously handicapped. If any view enjoys a privilege, more work is needed to demonstrate it. The following chapters take up this task.
Aya Hirata Kimura
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801451645
- eISBN:
- 9780801467691
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801451645.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Asian Politics
For decades, nonprofit organizations (NGOs) targeting world hunger focused on ensuring that adequate quantities of food were being sent to those in need. In the 1990s, the international food policy ...
More
For decades, nonprofit organizations (NGOs) targeting world hunger focused on ensuring that adequate quantities of food were being sent to those in need. In the 1990s, the international food policy community turned its focus to the “hidden hunger” of micronutrient deficiencies, a problem that resulted in two scientific solutions: fortification, the addition of nutrients to processed foods, and biofortification, the modification of crops to produce more nutritious yields. This hidden hunger was presented as a scientific problem to be solved by “experts” and scientifically engineered smart foods rather than through local knowledge, which was deemed unscientific and, hence, irrelevant. The book explores this recent emphasis on micronutrients and smart foods within the international development community and, in particular, how the voices of women were silenced despite their expertise in food purchasing and preparation. The book shows the power of nutritionism and how its technical focus enhanced the power of corporations as a government partner while restricting public participation in the making of policy for public health and food. It also analyzes the role of advertising to promote fortified foodstuffs and traces the history of Golden Rice, a crop genetically engineered to alleviate vitamin A deficiencies. Situating the recent turn to smart food in Indonesia and elsewhere as part of a long history of technical attempts to solve the Third World food problem, the book analyzes the intersection of scientific expertise, market forces, and gendered knowledge to illuminate how hidden hunger ultimately defined women as victims rather than as active agents.Less
For decades, nonprofit organizations (NGOs) targeting world hunger focused on ensuring that adequate quantities of food were being sent to those in need. In the 1990s, the international food policy community turned its focus to the “hidden hunger” of micronutrient deficiencies, a problem that resulted in two scientific solutions: fortification, the addition of nutrients to processed foods, and biofortification, the modification of crops to produce more nutritious yields. This hidden hunger was presented as a scientific problem to be solved by “experts” and scientifically engineered smart foods rather than through local knowledge, which was deemed unscientific and, hence, irrelevant. The book explores this recent emphasis on micronutrients and smart foods within the international development community and, in particular, how the voices of women were silenced despite their expertise in food purchasing and preparation. The book shows the power of nutritionism and how its technical focus enhanced the power of corporations as a government partner while restricting public participation in the making of policy for public health and food. It also analyzes the role of advertising to promote fortified foodstuffs and traces the history of Golden Rice, a crop genetically engineered to alleviate vitamin A deficiencies. Situating the recent turn to smart food in Indonesia and elsewhere as part of a long history of technical attempts to solve the Third World food problem, the book analyzes the intersection of scientific expertise, market forces, and gendered knowledge to illuminate how hidden hunger ultimately defined women as victims rather than as active agents.
William V. Rapp
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195148138
- eISBN:
- 9780199849376
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195148138.003.0008
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Information Technology
Because all Japanese cars these days do not sell in the US market with a premium anymore, players in the automobile industry had to come up with ways to cope with the downfall of Japan's bubble ...
More
Because all Japanese cars these days do not sell in the US market with a premium anymore, players in the automobile industry had to come up with ways to cope with the downfall of Japan's bubble economy and Japan's depressed auto market. As Toyota Motor Corp. remained an independent company, it can be observed that this company's counterstrategy has made significant effects not just on the global industry but on logistics and transportation in general. Toyota illustrates how “old-economy” products like automobiles and the manufacturing processes like assembly can be upgraded with the help of IT as it developed the just in time (JIT) ordering system, the intelligent transportation system (ITS), and its “smart” customized product and service strategy.Less
Because all Japanese cars these days do not sell in the US market with a premium anymore, players in the automobile industry had to come up with ways to cope with the downfall of Japan's bubble economy and Japan's depressed auto market. As Toyota Motor Corp. remained an independent company, it can be observed that this company's counterstrategy has made significant effects not just on the global industry but on logistics and transportation in general. Toyota illustrates how “old-economy” products like automobiles and the manufacturing processes like assembly can be upgraded with the help of IT as it developed the just in time (JIT) ordering system, the intelligent transportation system (ITS), and its “smart” customized product and service strategy.
