Robert Wuthnow
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691157207
- eISBN:
- 9781400846498
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691157207.003.0012
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
This afterword argues that small towns are not characteristic of what the United States is really like. Small towns are instead what many people think the United States should be like, and indeed, ...
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This afterword argues that small towns are not characteristic of what the United States is really like. Small towns are instead what many people think the United States should be like, and indeed, what they would like it to be. Small towns are neighborly and impose high expectations on residents to be involved in the community. There is also no reason to believe that small towns are morally superior to metropolitan areas, or the reverse. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. One promotes neighborliness that sometimes becomes stifling, while the other provides opportunities that sometimes become overwhelming. The chapter suggests that small towns, even though they are changing, have a viable future, describing them as places in which the slow pace and small scale of the past is preserved. They are also communities in which leadership and innovative ideas are poised expectantly toward the future.Less
This afterword argues that small towns are not characteristic of what the United States is really like. Small towns are instead what many people think the United States should be like, and indeed, what they would like it to be. Small towns are neighborly and impose high expectations on residents to be involved in the community. There is also no reason to believe that small towns are morally superior to metropolitan areas, or the reverse. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. One promotes neighborliness that sometimes becomes stifling, while the other provides opportunities that sometimes become overwhelming. The chapter suggests that small towns, even though they are changing, have a viable future, describing them as places in which the slow pace and small scale of the past is preserved. They are also communities in which leadership and innovative ideas are poised expectantly toward the future.
Floyd Grave and Margaret Grave
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195173574
- eISBN:
- 9780199872152
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173574.003.0005
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
Centrally important to Haydn's concept of the genre, sonata form's polarities, fluctuating energies, and tensional relationships between themes and sections offered countless opportunities for ...
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Centrally important to Haydn's concept of the genre, sonata form's polarities, fluctuating energies, and tensional relationships between themes and sections offered countless opportunities for instrumental expression and design. Aspects explored in this chapter include the distinction between continuous expositions dominated by transitional processes and those featuring a medial caesura; the varied profiles of long, thematically diverse and tonally unstable development sections; the variety of alternatives afforded by the recapitulation, often including developmental digression and reconfiguration of material from the exposition (sometimes so pronounced as to challenge the basic principles of thematic recurrence and proportional correspondence); and the occasional inclusion of a coda following the end of the recapitulation proper. Some interior movements exemplify the so-called slow movement form, with exposition and recapitulation but no development section.Less
Centrally important to Haydn's concept of the genre, sonata form's polarities, fluctuating energies, and tensional relationships between themes and sections offered countless opportunities for instrumental expression and design. Aspects explored in this chapter include the distinction between continuous expositions dominated by transitional processes and those featuring a medial caesura; the varied profiles of long, thematically diverse and tonally unstable development sections; the variety of alternatives afforded by the recapitulation, often including developmental digression and reconfiguration of material from the exposition (sometimes so pronounced as to challenge the basic principles of thematic recurrence and proportional correspondence); and the occasional inclusion of a coda following the end of the recapitulation proper. Some interior movements exemplify the so-called slow movement form, with exposition and recapitulation but no development section.
Katherine Fusco and Nicole Seymour
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780252041242
- eISBN:
- 9780252050107
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5622/illinois/9780252041242.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Kelly Reichardt is the first book-length study of contemporary filmmaker Kelly Reichardt. This book argues that Reichardt’s process-based slow cinema captures the “emergent” quality of contemporary, ...
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Kelly Reichardt is the first book-length study of contemporary filmmaker Kelly Reichardt. This book argues that Reichardt’s process-based slow cinema captures the “emergent” quality of contemporary, neoliberal emergencies such as global warming and economic precarity. The book positions Reichardt’s filmmaking in relation to contemporary American independent cinema, the international slow cinema movement, and the tradition of European neorealism. Drawing from these lineages, Reichardt’s cinema emphasizes the local effects of global catastrophes and represents crises as everyday experiences that are slow in unfolding. In this way, the book argues that Reichardt challenges the cinema’s tendency to spectacularize disaster. She makes this critique both through her films’ pacing and her tendency to work with the traditions of genre film, only to deflate their most thrilling elements to reveal what has been termed the slow violence of our postindustrial moment. Additionally, the book considers Reichardt’s frequently thin characterization of her protagonists, arguing that the underdrawn and often unlikeable characters work to challenge audience identification and the expectations that victims of emergency should be especially deserving or empathetic. In chapters that examine Reichardt’s earliest film, her four Oregon-centric films, and her experimental short films, Kelly Reichardt establishes Reichardt as a crucial voice in American independent film, one committed to documenting the challenges of the twenty-first century.
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Kelly Reichardt is the first book-length study of contemporary filmmaker Kelly Reichardt. This book argues that Reichardt’s process-based slow cinema captures the “emergent” quality of contemporary, neoliberal emergencies such as global warming and economic precarity. The book positions Reichardt’s filmmaking in relation to contemporary American independent cinema, the international slow cinema movement, and the tradition of European neorealism. Drawing from these lineages, Reichardt’s cinema emphasizes the local effects of global catastrophes and represents crises as everyday experiences that are slow in unfolding. In this way, the book argues that Reichardt challenges the cinema’s tendency to spectacularize disaster. She makes this critique both through her films’ pacing and her tendency to work with the traditions of genre film, only to deflate their most thrilling elements to reveal what has been termed the slow violence of our postindustrial moment. Additionally, the book considers Reichardt’s frequently thin characterization of her protagonists, arguing that the underdrawn and often unlikeable characters work to challenge audience identification and the expectations that victims of emergency should be especially deserving or empathetic. In chapters that examine Reichardt’s earliest film, her four Oregon-centric films, and her experimental short films, Kelly Reichardt establishes Reichardt as a crucial voice in American independent film, one committed to documenting the challenges of the twenty-first century.
Nils Berglund and Barbara Gentz
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199235070
- eISBN:
- 9780191715778
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199235070.003.0003
- Subject:
- Mathematics, Biostatistics
Some models of action potential generation in neurons like the Fitzhugh–Nagumo and the Morris–Lecar model are given by slow–fast differential equations. We outline a general theory allowing us to ...
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Some models of action potential generation in neurons like the Fitzhugh–Nagumo and the Morris–Lecar model are given by slow–fast differential equations. We outline a general theory allowing us to quantify the effect of noise on such equations. The method combines local analyses around stable and unstable equilibria, and around bifurcation points. We discuss in particular two different mechanisms of excitability, which lead to different types of interspike statistics.Less
Some models of action potential generation in neurons like the Fitzhugh–Nagumo and the Morris–Lecar model are given by slow–fast differential equations. We outline a general theory allowing us to quantify the effect of noise on such equations. The method combines local analyses around stable and unstable equilibria, and around bifurcation points. We discuss in particular two different mechanisms of excitability, which lead to different types of interspike statistics.
Sven Bernecker
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577569
- eISBN:
- 9780191722820
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577569.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The view that past environmental conditions fix the contents of our memory states (in conjunction with the conceptual replacement view) has the consequence that an environmental shift brings about a ...
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The view that past environmental conditions fix the contents of our memory states (in conjunction with the conceptual replacement view) has the consequence that an environmental shift brings about a conceptual shift which, in turn, can rob us of the ability to remember some of our past thoughts. Some may find this idea rather implausible. Boghossian's memory argument purports to show that externalism about memory yields the absurd consequence that a subject can know the contents of his current thoughts only if the environmental conditions determining these contents will not change in the future. This chapter shows that worries concerning the externalist thesis that environmental switching can cause memory failures are misplaced because there are neither philosophical nor psychological reasons to substantiate them. Pastist externalism corresponds with psychological data (context dependence, state dependence) and is compatible with the psychological criterion of personal identity.Less
The view that past environmental conditions fix the contents of our memory states (in conjunction with the conceptual replacement view) has the consequence that an environmental shift brings about a conceptual shift which, in turn, can rob us of the ability to remember some of our past thoughts. Some may find this idea rather implausible. Boghossian's memory argument purports to show that externalism about memory yields the absurd consequence that a subject can know the contents of his current thoughts only if the environmental conditions determining these contents will not change in the future. This chapter shows that worries concerning the externalist thesis that environmental switching can cause memory failures are misplaced because there are neither philosophical nor psychological reasons to substantiate them. Pastist externalism corresponds with psychological data (context dependence, state dependence) and is compatible with the psychological criterion of personal identity.
Mircea Steriade and Igor Timofeev
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198574002
- eISBN:
- 9780191724145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.003.0015
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience
This chapter argues that spontaneously occurring brain rhythms during slow wave sleep (SWS) produce plastic changes in thalamic and neocortical neurons. It discusses the role played by augmenting ...
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This chapter argues that spontaneously occurring brain rhythms during slow wave sleep (SWS) produce plastic changes in thalamic and neocortical neurons. It discusses the role played by augmenting responses elicited by stimuli at 10 Hz, which are the experimental model of sleep spindles, in producing plastic changes in neuronal properties through the rhythmic repetition of spike-bursts and spike-trains fired by thalamic and cortical neurons.Less
This chapter argues that spontaneously occurring brain rhythms during slow wave sleep (SWS) produce plastic changes in thalamic and neocortical neurons. It discusses the role played by augmenting responses elicited by stimuli at 10 Hz, which are the experimental model of sleep spindles, in producing plastic changes in neuronal properties through the rhythmic repetition of spike-bursts and spike-trains fired by thalamic and cortical neurons.
Antonio Giuditta, Paola Mandile, Paola Montagnese, Stefania Piscopo, and Stefania Vescia
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780198574002
- eISBN:
- 9780191724145
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience
Slow wave sleep (SWS) was the first type of sleep to be described in human subjects by its high-amplitude, low-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) waves, that sharply contrasted with the ...
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Slow wave sleep (SWS) was the first type of sleep to be described in human subjects by its high-amplitude, low-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) waves, that sharply contrasted with the low-amplitude, high-frequency waves of active waking or wakefulness (W). Conversely, the later discovery of REM sleep was based on the occurrence of periodic episodes of rapid eye movements (REM) associated with a desynchronized EEG pattern resembling W. As this similarity envisaged an obvious paradox, REM sleep came to be also known as paradoxical sleep (PS). It is perhaps less well known that the discovery of PS elicited a remarkable wave of interest in its features that greatly contributed to highlight their relevance but, by contrast, outshadowed the role of SWS. This chapter discusses the evidence supporting the participation of SWS in memory processing, and the hypotheses concerning the roles of SWS and PS.Less
Slow wave sleep (SWS) was the first type of sleep to be described in human subjects by its high-amplitude, low-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) waves, that sharply contrasted with the low-amplitude, high-frequency waves of active waking or wakefulness (W). Conversely, the later discovery of REM sleep was based on the occurrence of periodic episodes of rapid eye movements (REM) associated with a desynchronized EEG pattern resembling W. As this similarity envisaged an obvious paradox, REM sleep came to be also known as paradoxical sleep (PS). It is perhaps less well known that the discovery of PS elicited a remarkable wave of interest in its features that greatly contributed to highlight their relevance but, by contrast, outshadowed the role of SWS. This chapter discusses the evidence supporting the participation of SWS in memory processing, and the hypotheses concerning the roles of SWS and PS.
Kaitland M. Byrd
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- January 2022
- ISBN:
- 9781529211412
- eISBN:
- 9781529211450
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529211412.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
Over the last twenty years, a resurgence of craft food industries occurred across the U.S. Drawing on consumers’ desire for slow/local food craft breweries, traditional butchers, cheesemongers, and ...
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Over the last twenty years, a resurgence of craft food industries occurred across the U.S. Drawing on consumers’ desire for slow/local food craft breweries, traditional butchers, cheesemongers, and bakeries have been popping up in across the United States. These industries are typically found in major urban areas, staffed by middle class, college educated, often white men and sometimes women who view working in these industries as part of an alternative lifestyle existing in opposition to the mainstream emphasis of industrial consumption. Yet this emphasis on urban craft industries obscures the complex reality behind the craft food movement and the diverse communities that have supported craft and artisanal foods for centuries. Across the Southern U.S. these slow and local foods are a traditional part of daily life, and their continued practice sits at the intersection of financial sustenance, knowledge, and art. Exploring a variety of Southern artisanal foods from Virginia wineries to shrimping in coastal communities and Mississippi tamales, the producers of these foods show how traditional, not necessarily “new” these movements are within the region and the U.S. as a whole. Arguably, it is the diversity of who is central to these products and foodways that render it and the related history invisible to most U.S. consumers.Less
Over the last twenty years, a resurgence of craft food industries occurred across the U.S. Drawing on consumers’ desire for slow/local food craft breweries, traditional butchers, cheesemongers, and bakeries have been popping up in across the United States. These industries are typically found in major urban areas, staffed by middle class, college educated, often white men and sometimes women who view working in these industries as part of an alternative lifestyle existing in opposition to the mainstream emphasis of industrial consumption. Yet this emphasis on urban craft industries obscures the complex reality behind the craft food movement and the diverse communities that have supported craft and artisanal foods for centuries. Across the Southern U.S. these slow and local foods are a traditional part of daily life, and their continued practice sits at the intersection of financial sustenance, knowledge, and art. Exploring a variety of Southern artisanal foods from Virginia wineries to shrimping in coastal communities and Mississippi tamales, the producers of these foods show how traditional, not necessarily “new” these movements are within the region and the U.S. as a whole. Arguably, it is the diversity of who is central to these products and foodways that render it and the related history invisible to most U.S. consumers.
Kaloshin Vadim and Zhang Ke
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780691202525
- eISBN:
- 9780691204932
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691202525.003.0012
- Subject:
- Physics, Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics
This chapter formulates and proves the jump mechanism. It constructs a variational problem which proves forcing equivalence for the original Hamiltonian using Definition 6.18. It first constructs a ...
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This chapter formulates and proves the jump mechanism. It constructs a variational problem which proves forcing equivalence for the original Hamiltonian using Definition 6.18. It first constructs a special variational problem for the slow mechanical system. A solution of this variational problem is an orbit “jumping” from one homology class to the other. The chapter then modifies this variational problem for the fast time-periodic perturbation of the slow mechanical system. This is achieved by applying the perturbative results established in Chapter 7. Recall the original Hamiltonian system near a double resonance can be brought to a normal form and this normal form, in turn, is related to the perturbed slow system through coordinate change and energy reduction. The variational problem for the perturbed slow system can then be converted to a variational problem for the original.Less
This chapter formulates and proves the jump mechanism. It constructs a variational problem which proves forcing equivalence for the original Hamiltonian using Definition 6.18. It first constructs a special variational problem for the slow mechanical system. A solution of this variational problem is an orbit “jumping” from one homology class to the other. The chapter then modifies this variational problem for the fast time-periodic perturbation of the slow mechanical system. This is achieved by applying the perturbative results established in Chapter 7. Recall the original Hamiltonian system near a double resonance can be brought to a normal form and this normal form, in turn, is related to the perturbed slow system through coordinate change and energy reduction. The variational problem for the perturbed slow system can then be converted to a variational problem for the original.
Misa Izuhara (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781861343666
- eISBN:
- 9781447301967
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781861343666.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, both Britain and Japan are facing similar issues caused by globalisation, slower economic growth and a rapidly ageing population. Social policy in the ...
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At the beginning of the twenty-first century, both Britain and Japan are facing similar issues caused by globalisation, slower economic growth and a rapidly ageing population. Social policy in the two societies, which has developed differently due to the differences in their national resources, socio-economic systems, cultural values and political agendas, is at an interesting turning point. This book examines topical issues with up-to-date information; compares and contrasts selected policy areas between the two societies; and presents original material written by leading scholars in each country.Less
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, both Britain and Japan are facing similar issues caused by globalisation, slower economic growth and a rapidly ageing population. Social policy in the two societies, which has developed differently due to the differences in their national resources, socio-economic systems, cultural values and political agendas, is at an interesting turning point. This book examines topical issues with up-to-date information; compares and contrasts selected policy areas between the two societies; and presents original material written by leading scholars in each country.
Buzsáki György
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301069
- eISBN:
- 9780199863716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.003.0005
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Neuroendocrine and Autonomic, Techniques
Neuronal networks in the mammalian cortex generate several distinct oscillatory bands. These neuronal oscillators are linked to the much slower metabolic oscillators. The mean frequencies of the ...
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Neuronal networks in the mammalian cortex generate several distinct oscillatory bands. These neuronal oscillators are linked to the much slower metabolic oscillators. The mean frequencies of the experimentally observed oscillator categories form a linear progression on a natural logarithmic scale with a constant ratio between neighboring frequencies. Because the ratios of the mean frequencies of the neighboring cortical oscillators are not integers, adjacent bands cannot linearly phase-lock. Oscillators of different bands couple with shifting phases and give rise to a state of perpetual fluctuation between unstable and transient stable phase synchrony. The resulting interference dynamics are a fundamental feature of the global temporal organization of the cerebral cortex. Although brain states are highly labile, neuronal avalanches are prevented by oscillatory dynamics. Scale-free dynamics generate complexity, whereas oscillations allow for temporal predictions. Dynamics in the cerebral cortex constantly alternate between the most complex metastable state and the highly predictable oscillatory state.Less
Neuronal networks in the mammalian cortex generate several distinct oscillatory bands. These neuronal oscillators are linked to the much slower metabolic oscillators. The mean frequencies of the experimentally observed oscillator categories form a linear progression on a natural logarithmic scale with a constant ratio between neighboring frequencies. Because the ratios of the mean frequencies of the neighboring cortical oscillators are not integers, adjacent bands cannot linearly phase-lock. Oscillators of different bands couple with shifting phases and give rise to a state of perpetual fluctuation between unstable and transient stable phase synchrony. The resulting interference dynamics are a fundamental feature of the global temporal organization of the cerebral cortex. Although brain states are highly labile, neuronal avalanches are prevented by oscillatory dynamics. Scale-free dynamics generate complexity, whereas oscillations allow for temporal predictions. Dynamics in the cerebral cortex constantly alternate between the most complex metastable state and the highly predictable oscillatory state.
Buzsáki György
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195301069
- eISBN:
- 9780199863716
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301069.003.0007
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Neuroendocrine and Autonomic, Techniques
In the absence of environmental inputs, such as during sleep, the brain engages in self-organized activity. The isolated neocortex, or small pieces of it, can sustain self-organized patterns. Neurons ...
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In the absence of environmental inputs, such as during sleep, the brain engages in self-organized activity. The isolated neocortex, or small pieces of it, can sustain self-organized patterns. Neurons in local or global regions of the cerebral cortex swing between excitable and less excitable (up and down) states. In the intact brain, properly timed exogenous influences can trigger upswing changes, if the cortical network has already spent a sufficient amount of time in the down state. Parallel with the increasing probability of cortical up-down state shifts, the membrane potential of thalamocortical neurons progressively polarizes. Cholinergic activity during REM sleep and in the waking brain is mainly responsible for the lack of down states in cortical neurons. The most prominent oscillation of the waking brain is the family of alpha rhythms that occur selectively in every sensory and motor thalamocortical system in the absence of sensory inputs.Less
In the absence of environmental inputs, such as during sleep, the brain engages in self-organized activity. The isolated neocortex, or small pieces of it, can sustain self-organized patterns. Neurons in local or global regions of the cerebral cortex swing between excitable and less excitable (up and down) states. In the intact brain, properly timed exogenous influences can trigger upswing changes, if the cortical network has already spent a sufficient amount of time in the down state. Parallel with the increasing probability of cortical up-down state shifts, the membrane potential of thalamocortical neurons progressively polarizes. Cholinergic activity during REM sleep and in the waking brain is mainly responsible for the lack of down states in cortical neurons. The most prominent oscillation of the waking brain is the family of alpha rhythms that occur selectively in every sensory and motor thalamocortical system in the absence of sensory inputs.
BERNICE GRAFSTEIN
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195082937
- eISBN:
- 9780199865802
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195082937.003.0009
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This chapter presents an overview of axonal transport. Axonal transport comprises at least two kinds of movement, broadly distinguished as “fast” and “slow” transport. Fast transport is dedicated to ...
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This chapter presents an overview of axonal transport. Axonal transport comprises at least two kinds of movement, broadly distinguished as “fast” and “slow” transport. Fast transport is dedicated to the movement of organelles, anterograde transport being responsible for their movement from the cell body toward the axon terminals and retrograde transport operating in the reverse direction. Organelle movement in either direction can attain instantaneous velocities of several microns per second. Slow transport conveys cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic proteins and advances at a rate of no more than a few microns per minute.Less
This chapter presents an overview of axonal transport. Axonal transport comprises at least two kinds of movement, broadly distinguished as “fast” and “slow” transport. Fast transport is dedicated to the movement of organelles, anterograde transport being responsible for their movement from the cell body toward the axon terminals and retrograde transport operating in the reverse direction. Organelle movement in either direction can attain instantaneous velocities of several microns per second. Slow transport conveys cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic proteins and advances at a rate of no more than a few microns per minute.
Anne Fuchs
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501735103
- eISBN:
- 9781501734816
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501735103.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This chapter examines time in contemporary culture. Slowness as an aesthetic practice and a mode of reception features prominently in much contemporary photography and film, defying the fast-paced ...
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This chapter examines time in contemporary culture. Slowness as an aesthetic practice and a mode of reception features prominently in much contemporary photography and film, defying the fast-paced entertainment conventions and the capitalist commodification of time, as are evident, for example, in recent blockbusters. While mainstream films favor fast-paced cutting, jerky and unfocused panning, or hectic zooming, slow cinema and slow photography embrace grammars of minimalism to interrupt the cult of speed. Slowness in this sense is more than a binary term in opposition to speed: it is an aesthetic art practice that may include the employment of digital or analogue technologies; slow diegesis and slow narrative; the gallery or cinema as a contemplative exhibition or reception space; and a responsive spectatorship. The chapter then debates the concept of slow art in dialogue with international art practice, as exemplified in the performance art of Lee Lozano and Marina Abramović, before analyzing the representation of time in the works of two prominent German photographers: West German Michael Wesely and East German Ulrich Wüst.Less
This chapter examines time in contemporary culture. Slowness as an aesthetic practice and a mode of reception features prominently in much contemporary photography and film, defying the fast-paced entertainment conventions and the capitalist commodification of time, as are evident, for example, in recent blockbusters. While mainstream films favor fast-paced cutting, jerky and unfocused panning, or hectic zooming, slow cinema and slow photography embrace grammars of minimalism to interrupt the cult of speed. Slowness in this sense is more than a binary term in opposition to speed: it is an aesthetic art practice that may include the employment of digital or analogue technologies; slow diegesis and slow narrative; the gallery or cinema as a contemplative exhibition or reception space; and a responsive spectatorship. The chapter then debates the concept of slow art in dialogue with international art practice, as exemplified in the performance art of Lee Lozano and Marina Abramović, before analyzing the representation of time in the works of two prominent German photographers: West German Michael Wesely and East German Ulrich Wüst.
Song Hwee Lim
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824836849
- eISBN:
- 9780824869694
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824836849.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
How can we qualify slowness in cinema? What is the relationship between a cinema of slowness and a wider socio-cultural “slow movement”? A body of films that shares a propensity toward slowness has ...
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How can we qualify slowness in cinema? What is the relationship between a cinema of slowness and a wider socio-cultural “slow movement”? A body of films that shares a propensity toward slowness has emerged in many parts of the world over the past two decades. This is the first book to examine the concept of cinematic slowness and address this fascinating phenomenon in contemporary film culture. Providing a critical investigation into questions of temporality, materiality, and aesthetics, and examining concepts of authorship, cinephilia, and nostalgia, the book offers insight into cinematic slowness through the films of the Malaysian-born, Taiwan-based director Tsai Ming-liang. Through analysis of aspects of stillness and silence in cinema, the book delineates the strategies by which slowness in film can be constructed. By drawing on writings on cinephilia and the films of directors such as Abbas Kiarostami, Hou Hsiao-hsien, and Nuri Bilge Ceylan, it makes a passionate case for a slow cinema that calls for renewed attention to the image and to the experience of time in film.Less
How can we qualify slowness in cinema? What is the relationship between a cinema of slowness and a wider socio-cultural “slow movement”? A body of films that shares a propensity toward slowness has emerged in many parts of the world over the past two decades. This is the first book to examine the concept of cinematic slowness and address this fascinating phenomenon in contemporary film culture. Providing a critical investigation into questions of temporality, materiality, and aesthetics, and examining concepts of authorship, cinephilia, and nostalgia, the book offers insight into cinematic slowness through the films of the Malaysian-born, Taiwan-based director Tsai Ming-liang. Through analysis of aspects of stillness and silence in cinema, the book delineates the strategies by which slowness in film can be constructed. By drawing on writings on cinephilia and the films of directors such as Abbas Kiarostami, Hou Hsiao-hsien, and Nuri Bilge Ceylan, it makes a passionate case for a slow cinema that calls for renewed attention to the image and to the experience of time in film.
S. D. Ganichev and W. Prettl
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780198528302
- eISBN:
- 9780191713637
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528302.003.0005
- Subject:
- Physics, Condensed Matter Physics / Materials
This chapter discusses terahertz radiation-induced saturation of absorption, including incoherent and coherent saturation effects. Saturation due to slow relaxation and Rabi oscillations in various ...
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This chapter discusses terahertz radiation-induced saturation of absorption, including incoherent and coherent saturation effects. Saturation due to slow relaxation and Rabi oscillations in various bulk and low-dimension semiconductors is discussed from theoretical and experimental perspectives. It is shown that THz saturation experiments provide a powerful method for studying the kinetics and the details of the relaxation processes in bulk and low dimensional materials. In particular, spin relaxation times in low dimensional systems at monopolar spin orientation become experimentally accessible, which are of interest for the current topic of spintronics.Less
This chapter discusses terahertz radiation-induced saturation of absorption, including incoherent and coherent saturation effects. Saturation due to slow relaxation and Rabi oscillations in various bulk and low-dimension semiconductors is discussed from theoretical and experimental perspectives. It is shown that THz saturation experiments provide a powerful method for studying the kinetics and the details of the relaxation processes in bulk and low dimensional materials. In particular, spin relaxation times in low dimensional systems at monopolar spin orientation become experimentally accessible, which are of interest for the current topic of spintronics.
Cyriel M. A. Pennartz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262029315
- eISBN:
- 9780262330121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029315.003.0007
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroscience
This chapter examines dynamic states in which brain systems differentially express their involvement in conscious versus nonconscious representation. Given the evidence for a role of corticothalamic ...
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This chapter examines dynamic states in which brain systems differentially express their involvement in conscious versus nonconscious representation. Given the evidence for a role of corticothalamic systems in consciousness, in what kind of state should they be to do so? Reviewing the neurophysiology of sleep, anaesthesia and wakefulness, a diverse picture of brain dynamics emerges in association with conscious processing. Comparing sleep with wakefulness, we see evidence for the primary role of so-called Up states in the neocortex, featuring high levels of depolarization, irregular firing, and desynchronized EEG. Pathophysiological and computational studies emphasize the importance of having decorrelated activity rather than global synchrony. Studies on "replay" during sleep or wakefulness show that this phenomenon unlikely corresponds to conscious processing, challenging simple implementations of “neural coalitions” embodying consciousness. Findings on anesthesia highlight the prominence of sustaining long-range rather than local interactions between distributed cell assemblies. On the fast time scale of perception, recurrent interactions from higher to lower cortical levels are probably important, yet more work is needed to find out which connectivity components are essential for perception or behavioral reporting. In EEG research on perception, alpha oscillations are emerging in regulating the phasing of stimulus perceptibility.Less
This chapter examines dynamic states in which brain systems differentially express their involvement in conscious versus nonconscious representation. Given the evidence for a role of corticothalamic systems in consciousness, in what kind of state should they be to do so? Reviewing the neurophysiology of sleep, anaesthesia and wakefulness, a diverse picture of brain dynamics emerges in association with conscious processing. Comparing sleep with wakefulness, we see evidence for the primary role of so-called Up states in the neocortex, featuring high levels of depolarization, irregular firing, and desynchronized EEG. Pathophysiological and computational studies emphasize the importance of having decorrelated activity rather than global synchrony. Studies on "replay" during sleep or wakefulness show that this phenomenon unlikely corresponds to conscious processing, challenging simple implementations of “neural coalitions” embodying consciousness. Findings on anesthesia highlight the prominence of sustaining long-range rather than local interactions between distributed cell assemblies. On the fast time scale of perception, recurrent interactions from higher to lower cortical levels are probably important, yet more work is needed to find out which connectivity components are essential for perception or behavioral reporting. In EEG research on perception, alpha oscillations are emerging in regulating the phasing of stimulus perceptibility.
Thomas Princen, Jack P. Manno, and Pamela L. Martin (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780262028806
- eISBN:
- 9780262327077
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262028806.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Environmental Politics
Not so long ago, people North and South had little reason to believe that wealth from oil, gas, and coal brought anything but great prosperity. But the presumption of net benefits from fossil fuels ...
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Not so long ago, people North and South had little reason to believe that wealth from oil, gas, and coal brought anything but great prosperity. But the presumption of net benefits from fossil fuels is eroding as widening circles of people rich and poor experience the downside. A positive transition to a post-fossil fuel era cannot wait for global agreement, a swap-in of renewables, a miracle technology, a carbon market, or lifestyle change. This book shows that it is now possible to take the first step toward the post-fossil fuel era, by resisting the slow violence of extreme extraction and combustion, exiting the industry, and imagining a good life after fossil fuels. It shows how an environmental politics of transition might occur, arguing for going to the source rather than managing byproducts, for delegitimizing fossil fuels rather than accommodating them, for engaging a politics of deliberately choosing a post-fossil fuel world. The book includes several chapters of analyses of the fossil fuel problem from the biophysical, cultural, ethical and political perspectives along with case studies that reveal how individuals, groups, communities, and an entire country have taken first steps out of the fossil fuel era, with experiments that range from leaving oil under the Amazon to ending mountaintop removal in Appalachia.Less
Not so long ago, people North and South had little reason to believe that wealth from oil, gas, and coal brought anything but great prosperity. But the presumption of net benefits from fossil fuels is eroding as widening circles of people rich and poor experience the downside. A positive transition to a post-fossil fuel era cannot wait for global agreement, a swap-in of renewables, a miracle technology, a carbon market, or lifestyle change. This book shows that it is now possible to take the first step toward the post-fossil fuel era, by resisting the slow violence of extreme extraction and combustion, exiting the industry, and imagining a good life after fossil fuels. It shows how an environmental politics of transition might occur, arguing for going to the source rather than managing byproducts, for delegitimizing fossil fuels rather than accommodating them, for engaging a politics of deliberately choosing a post-fossil fuel world. The book includes several chapters of analyses of the fossil fuel problem from the biophysical, cultural, ethical and political perspectives along with case studies that reveal how individuals, groups, communities, and an entire country have taken first steps out of the fossil fuel era, with experiments that range from leaving oil under the Amazon to ending mountaintop removal in Appalachia.
Jane L. Collins
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780226446004
- eISBN:
- 9780226446288
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226446288.001.0001
- Subject:
- Sociology, Economic Sociology
The Great Recession not only shook Americans’ faith in the economy but also prompted a “citizen’s critique” of our economic institutions. The Politics of Value provides a vivid account of three ...
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The Great Recession not only shook Americans’ faith in the economy but also prompted a “citizen’s critique” of our economic institutions. The Politics of Value provides a vivid account of three movements that emerged in the wake of the 2008 crisis, each raising profound questions about what matters for the health of our economy. Based on in-depth interviews and observations, The Politics of Value shows how movement activists contest prevailing wisdom about how to measure economic success--and offer their own alternatives. It tells the story of the individuals who created benefit corporations (a new corporate form that requires social responsibility), showing how the new legal form and certification procedures they create challenge the notion that share price is the best measure of business success. It describes the growth of the Slow Money movement that fosters peer-to-peer place-based investment and invents new ways of measuring the significance of dense interconnections and backward and forward linkages in local economies. It tells the story of 2011, when many state legislatures effectively ended collective bargaining rights for public sector workers, and protest movements arose to assert the economic value of public investments and services against the prevalent view that they are a drain on the economy. While providing compelling and intimate accounts of each movement in its own right, The Politics of Value also presents a new framework for thinking about economic value, one grounded in thoughtful evaluation of the social division of labor and the relationship between state, market, and civil society.Less
The Great Recession not only shook Americans’ faith in the economy but also prompted a “citizen’s critique” of our economic institutions. The Politics of Value provides a vivid account of three movements that emerged in the wake of the 2008 crisis, each raising profound questions about what matters for the health of our economy. Based on in-depth interviews and observations, The Politics of Value shows how movement activists contest prevailing wisdom about how to measure economic success--and offer their own alternatives. It tells the story of the individuals who created benefit corporations (a new corporate form that requires social responsibility), showing how the new legal form and certification procedures they create challenge the notion that share price is the best measure of business success. It describes the growth of the Slow Money movement that fosters peer-to-peer place-based investment and invents new ways of measuring the significance of dense interconnections and backward and forward linkages in local economies. It tells the story of 2011, when many state legislatures effectively ended collective bargaining rights for public sector workers, and protest movements arose to assert the economic value of public investments and services against the prevalent view that they are a drain on the economy. While providing compelling and intimate accounts of each movement in its own right, The Politics of Value also presents a new framework for thinking about economic value, one grounded in thoughtful evaluation of the social division of labor and the relationship between state, market, and civil society.
John Patrick Walsh
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781786941633
- eISBN:
- 9781789629200
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786941633.003.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
The book opens with analysis of Yanick Lahens’ reflection on the disastrous convergence of geological and political time in the Haitian earthquake of 2010. Lahens contemplates the imbrication of ...
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The book opens with analysis of Yanick Lahens’ reflection on the disastrous convergence of geological and political time in the Haitian earthquake of 2010. Lahens contemplates the imbrication of geological, political, and social fault lines to complicate the exceptional image of Haiti as a site of disaster. The introduction considers Lahens’ understanding of fault lines, below and above ground, in light of Rob Nixon’s critique of the slow violence of environmental injustice and Michel Serres’ idea of a natural contract with the planet. It brings together Lahens, Nixon, and Serres to illustrate the different conceptions of time and space that inform the ecological thought of a Haitian writer, an American critic, and a French philosopher. Taking this comparative analysis as its point of departure, the introduction begins to develop a theory of an eco-archive as an ethical and imaginative writing on the environment. It merges ecocriticism with the historical awareness of Haitian studies to argue that Lahens and other Haitian writers challenge the neocolonial and neoliberal political economies that feed the dominant narratives of the Anthropocene.Less
The book opens with analysis of Yanick Lahens’ reflection on the disastrous convergence of geological and political time in the Haitian earthquake of 2010. Lahens contemplates the imbrication of geological, political, and social fault lines to complicate the exceptional image of Haiti as a site of disaster. The introduction considers Lahens’ understanding of fault lines, below and above ground, in light of Rob Nixon’s critique of the slow violence of environmental injustice and Michel Serres’ idea of a natural contract with the planet. It brings together Lahens, Nixon, and Serres to illustrate the different conceptions of time and space that inform the ecological thought of a Haitian writer, an American critic, and a French philosopher. Taking this comparative analysis as its point of departure, the introduction begins to develop a theory of an eco-archive as an ethical and imaginative writing on the environment. It merges ecocriticism with the historical awareness of Haitian studies to argue that Lahens and other Haitian writers challenge the neocolonial and neoliberal political economies that feed the dominant narratives of the Anthropocene.