Randy E. Barnett
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691159737
- eISBN:
- 9781400848133
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691159737.003.0009
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter examines the original meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in order to determine what stance federal courts should take toward state laws. The ...
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This chapter examines the original meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in order to determine what stance federal courts should take toward state laws. The original Constitution contained several explicit restrictions on state power. In the early years of the Republic, federal courts actively scrutinized state enactments to ensure they did not violate these expressed prohibitions, especially the Contracts Clause. When it came to legislation not implicating these prohibitions, however, the courts deferred to states in their exercise of their police power. The chapter first considers what the term “privileges or immunities” encompasses before discussing the Supreme Court decision in the so-called Slaughter-House Cases, which set aside the original meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause. It then looks at the Due Process Clauses and shows that the due process of law includes judicial review.Less
This chapter examines the original meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in order to determine what stance federal courts should take toward state laws. The original Constitution contained several explicit restrictions on state power. In the early years of the Republic, federal courts actively scrutinized state enactments to ensure they did not violate these expressed prohibitions, especially the Contracts Clause. When it came to legislation not implicating these prohibitions, however, the courts deferred to states in their exercise of their police power. The chapter first considers what the term “privileges or immunities” encompasses before discussing the Supreme Court decision in the so-called Slaughter-House Cases, which set aside the original meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause. It then looks at the Due Process Clauses and shows that the due process of law includes judicial review.
Tariq Ramadan
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195331714
- eISBN:
- 9780191720987
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331714.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
This chapter examines Islamic thought on ecology and the economy. It argues that the reform of human realities, mind-sets, understandings, and societies requires a broad view of what the problems are ...
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This chapter examines Islamic thought on ecology and the economy. It argues that the reform of human realities, mind-sets, understandings, and societies requires a broad view of what the problems are and becoming involved on several levels. But when construing contemporary Islamic thought, it is strangely absent from some contemporary essential debates, or, at least, lagging far behind developments. This is most evident in matters related to the economy and ecology: an earnest, realistic ethical thought cannot approach either of them in isolation, and one must not fail to note all the necessary conclusions and all the concrete consequences that such a combined approach leads to in either field of activity.Less
This chapter examines Islamic thought on ecology and the economy. It argues that the reform of human realities, mind-sets, understandings, and societies requires a broad view of what the problems are and becoming involved on several levels. But when construing contemporary Islamic thought, it is strangely absent from some contemporary essential debates, or, at least, lagging far behind developments. This is most evident in matters related to the economy and ecology: an earnest, realistic ethical thought cannot approach either of them in isolation, and one must not fail to note all the necessary conclusions and all the concrete consequences that such a combined approach leads to in either field of activity.
Mary Douglas
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199244195
- eISBN:
- 9780191600548
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199244197.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter carries on the comparison between Deuteronomy and Leviticus in two specific domains. One is the question of whether the Levitical laws supported the idea of one central shrine at ...
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This chapter carries on the comparison between Deuteronomy and Leviticus in two specific domains. One is the question of whether the Levitical laws supported the idea of one central shrine at Jerusalem; here it is argued that the two books are at odds. The other is the question of cults of the dead, on which they are at one. In connection with the idea of a central sanctuary, different sections of the chapter look at the covenant, sacrifice and secular slaughter, and the evidence for and against a central sanctuary (including some discussion of the different classes of animal life). The absence of cults of the dead in both Deuteronomy and Leviticus is then addressed, and a further look taken at Joseph Blenkinsopp’s (1995) analysis Deuteronomy’s legislation in the light of the discussion on cults of the dead.Less
This chapter carries on the comparison between Deuteronomy and Leviticus in two specific domains. One is the question of whether the Levitical laws supported the idea of one central shrine at Jerusalem; here it is argued that the two books are at odds. The other is the question of cults of the dead, on which they are at one. In connection with the idea of a central sanctuary, different sections of the chapter look at the covenant, sacrifice and secular slaughter, and the evidence for and against a central sanctuary (including some discussion of the different classes of animal life). The absence of cults of the dead in both Deuteronomy and Leviticus is then addressed, and a further look taken at Joseph Blenkinsopp’s (1995) analysis Deuteronomy’s legislation in the light of the discussion on cults of the dead.
Gerard O'Daly
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199263950
- eISBN:
- 9780191741364
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199263950.003.0013
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval, Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This chapter discusses the themes of the poem: the Christmas star; the Magi and the symbolism of their gifts; the fulfilment of Messianic prophecies; Herod and the slaughter of the Innocents; Moses ...
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This chapter discusses the themes of the poem: the Christmas star; the Magi and the symbolism of their gifts; the fulfilment of Messianic prophecies; Herod and the slaughter of the Innocents; Moses and Joshua as prefigurations or types of Christ; Christ the king and ruler, liberating humanity from death; and the poem as a post-Ambrosian hymn.Less
This chapter discusses the themes of the poem: the Christmas star; the Magi and the symbolism of their gifts; the fulfilment of Messianic prophecies; Herod and the slaughter of the Innocents; Moses and Joshua as prefigurations or types of Christ; Christ the king and ruler, liberating humanity from death; and the poem as a post-Ambrosian hymn.
Lee Spinks
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719066320
- eISBN:
- 9781781703113
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719066320.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
This is a comprehensive study of Michael Ondaatje's entire oeuvre. Starting from Ondaatje's beginnings as a poet, it offers an intensive account of each of his major publications, including The ...
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This is a comprehensive study of Michael Ondaatje's entire oeuvre. Starting from Ondaatje's beginnings as a poet, it offers an intensive account of each of his major publications, including The Collected Works of Billy the Kid, Coming Through Slaughter, In the Skin of a Lion and The English Patient, drawing attention to the various contexts and intertexts that have informed his work. The book contains a broad overview of Ondaatje's career for students and readers coming to his work for the first time. It also offers an original reading of his writing which significantly revises conventional accounts of Ondaatje as a postmodern or postcolonial writer. The book draws on a range of postcolonial theory, as well as contributing to debates about postcolonial literature and the poetics of postmodernism.Less
This is a comprehensive study of Michael Ondaatje's entire oeuvre. Starting from Ondaatje's beginnings as a poet, it offers an intensive account of each of his major publications, including The Collected Works of Billy the Kid, Coming Through Slaughter, In the Skin of a Lion and The English Patient, drawing attention to the various contexts and intertexts that have informed his work. The book contains a broad overview of Ondaatje's career for students and readers coming to his work for the first time. It also offers an original reading of his writing which significantly revises conventional accounts of Ondaatje as a postmodern or postcolonial writer. The book draws on a range of postcolonial theory, as well as contributing to debates about postcolonial literature and the poetics of postmodernism.
Julian Rivers
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199226108
- eISBN:
- 9780191594243
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199226108.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter gathers together a variety of ways in which collective religious rites come to have legal significance. After touching briefly on historic examples of sanctuary and confession, it ...
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This chapter gathers together a variety of ways in which collective religious rites come to have legal significance. After touching briefly on historic examples of sanctuary and confession, it considers rites of passage such as baptism and naming ceremonies, circumcision, marriage and divorce, burial and cremation. Dietary requirements including the regulation of ritual slaughter and legal responses to cannabis usage are covered. Legal problems arising from unconventional worship in terms of planning control, noise pollution and nuisance, access to ancient monuments, and the advertising of spiritualist services are discussed. The conclusion drawn from this rather heterogeneous collection is that the accommodation and regulation of religious rites is highly pragmatic. It covers a wide-range of religions and uses diverse legal techniques. However, the judicial contribution is small.Less
This chapter gathers together a variety of ways in which collective religious rites come to have legal significance. After touching briefly on historic examples of sanctuary and confession, it considers rites of passage such as baptism and naming ceremonies, circumcision, marriage and divorce, burial and cremation. Dietary requirements including the regulation of ritual slaughter and legal responses to cannabis usage are covered. Legal problems arising from unconventional worship in terms of planning control, noise pollution and nuisance, access to ancient monuments, and the advertising of spiritualist services are discussed. The conclusion drawn from this rather heterogeneous collection is that the accommodation and regulation of religious rites is highly pragmatic. It covers a wide-range of religions and uses diverse legal techniques. However, the judicial contribution is small.
Ian K. Steele
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195084269
- eISBN:
- 9780199853977
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195084269.003.0031
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
The chapter starts with the resulting confusion that ensued from the various accounts of the slaughter that befell Fort William Henry. Historians were left to make their own assumptions regarding the ...
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The chapter starts with the resulting confusion that ensued from the various accounts of the slaughter that befell Fort William Henry. Historians were left to make their own assumptions regarding the incident due to the conflicting and incomplete evidence available to them. The story of the conquest and killings at Fort William Henry became merely part of the “usable past” of the British and French empires and constituted the remembering and forgetting of the incident. French, British, and even American historians came up with their own versions contributing to the confusion. The chapter focuses on the attempts of various historians to make a historically accurate account of the incident and the reasons behind such.Less
The chapter starts with the resulting confusion that ensued from the various accounts of the slaughter that befell Fort William Henry. Historians were left to make their own assumptions regarding the incident due to the conflicting and incomplete evidence available to them. The story of the conquest and killings at Fort William Henry became merely part of the “usable past” of the British and French empires and constituted the remembering and forgetting of the incident. French, British, and even American historians came up with their own versions contributing to the confusion. The chapter focuses on the attempts of various historians to make a historically accurate account of the incident and the reasons behind such.
PATRICK D. GAFFNEY
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198297406
- eISBN:
- 9780191685330
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198297406.003.0005
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Burundi's crisis started back on October 21, 1993, by reason of a failed coup d'etat – an attack made by the military officers on the newly elected officials of the government. Due to this violence ...
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Burundi's crisis started back on October 21, 1993, by reason of a failed coup d'etat – an attack made by the military officers on the newly elected officials of the government. Due to this violence in the capital, news regarding the coup reached the different parts of the country, which resulted in nation-wide interethnic killing. Since then, Burundi has been held in a unceasing humanitarian emergency that made the small nation an armed camp; however, a divided, internationally devastated and an ungovernable one. The military leadership caused institutionalized bias, together with ethnic and regional lines, and later on developing widespread discrimination selective development, as well as genocidal slaughter both on local and national levels. While different agencies have offered assistance to resolve the conflict over the past years, they have failed due to the labels of Tutsi and Hutu: ethnic groups behind the hostility.Less
Burundi's crisis started back on October 21, 1993, by reason of a failed coup d'etat – an attack made by the military officers on the newly elected officials of the government. Due to this violence in the capital, news regarding the coup reached the different parts of the country, which resulted in nation-wide interethnic killing. Since then, Burundi has been held in a unceasing humanitarian emergency that made the small nation an armed camp; however, a divided, internationally devastated and an ungovernable one. The military leadership caused institutionalized bias, together with ethnic and regional lines, and later on developing widespread discrimination selective development, as well as genocidal slaughter both on local and national levels. While different agencies have offered assistance to resolve the conflict over the past years, they have failed due to the labels of Tutsi and Hutu: ethnic groups behind the hostility.
Rohit De
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780691174433
- eISBN:
- 9780691185132
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691174433.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
This chapter explores the transformation of the political agitation over cow protection by the enactment of the Constitution. Although the debate over cow protection had always been framed in terms ...
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This chapter explores the transformation of the political agitation over cow protection by the enactment of the Constitution. Although the debate over cow protection had always been framed in terms of the religious rights of Hindus and Muslims, the Constitution met the demands for cow protection on ostensibly neutral economic grounds and laid it down in Article 48 as a directive principle of state policy. After partition and democratic elections, the new elected state governments of north India enacted strict laws prohibiting cow slaughter and criminalizing the consumption of beef. The chapter then looks at a writ petition brought by three thousand Muslim butchers—possibly India's first class-action suit—that challenged these bans through a language of economic rights rather than religious freedom. Ultimately, it addresses how religious freedom, minority rights, and political mobilization were transformed through the emergence of the Constitution as a site for politics.Less
This chapter explores the transformation of the political agitation over cow protection by the enactment of the Constitution. Although the debate over cow protection had always been framed in terms of the religious rights of Hindus and Muslims, the Constitution met the demands for cow protection on ostensibly neutral economic grounds and laid it down in Article 48 as a directive principle of state policy. After partition and democratic elections, the new elected state governments of north India enacted strict laws prohibiting cow slaughter and criminalizing the consumption of beef. The chapter then looks at a writ petition brought by three thousand Muslim butchers—possibly India's first class-action suit—that challenged these bans through a language of economic rights rather than religious freedom. Ultimately, it addresses how religious freedom, minority rights, and political mobilization were transformed through the emergence of the Constitution as a site for politics.
Bernard S. Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269311
- eISBN:
- 9780191683596
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269311.003.0009
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies, Judaism
David Daube viewed the sale or slaughter of a stolen animal as a necessary evidentiary test: here, theft is proved only if there is evidence of sale or slaughter of a stolen animal by the accused. At ...
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David Daube viewed the sale or slaughter of a stolen animal as a necessary evidentiary test: here, theft is proved only if there is evidence of sale or slaughter of a stolen animal by the accused. At a later stage, he argued, the evidentiary test was relaxed: theft could be proved by ‘hot possession’. Such ‘hot possession’, he maintained, extended the range of possible forms of proof. Taking these norms together, as they appear in the present text, the payments are due only if the theft is provable in one of the ways mentioned. On this account, the tests of theft appear ‘arbitrary’ in two respects. First, no other evidence counts, not even eyewitness testimony of the accused thief's act, in the absence either of hot possession or disposal by way of slaughter or sale. Second, the evidence appears to create conclusive presumptions of guilt, notwithstanding the possible availability of evidence to the contrary.Less
David Daube viewed the sale or slaughter of a stolen animal as a necessary evidentiary test: here, theft is proved only if there is evidence of sale or slaughter of a stolen animal by the accused. At a later stage, he argued, the evidentiary test was relaxed: theft could be proved by ‘hot possession’. Such ‘hot possession’, he maintained, extended the range of possible forms of proof. Taking these norms together, as they appear in the present text, the payments are due only if the theft is provable in one of the ways mentioned. On this account, the tests of theft appear ‘arbitrary’ in two respects. First, no other evidence counts, not even eyewitness testimony of the accused thief's act, in the absence either of hot possession or disposal by way of slaughter or sale. Second, the evidence appears to create conclusive presumptions of guilt, notwithstanding the possible availability of evidence to the contrary.
Canter Brown and Larry Eugene Rivers
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813061146
- eISBN:
- 9780813051420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813061146.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century and Victorian Literature
This chapter offers Mary Bryan's introduction to full-time employment as a writer and editor with the Georgia Temperance Crusader after the journal's relocation to Atlanta. It covers not only her ...
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This chapter offers Mary Bryan's introduction to full-time employment as a writer and editor with the Georgia Temperance Crusader after the journal's relocation to Atlanta. It covers not only her journalistic experience but also her introduction to the city and its literary scene, including personalities such as James Summerfield Slaughter, Maria Jourdan Westmoreland, Myron Napier Bartlett, and William Henry Peck. The authors follow the evolution of Mary’s career as she directs her ambition toward the New York Ledger and working for its famed publisher Robert Bonner. With the threat of civil war looming, Mary battles her father's objections to her working in the North, only to find that he has concluded an arrangement compelling her return to her husband in Louisiana. She takes with her only an agreement to write for the Georgia-based Southern Field and Fireside and its editor John Reuben Thompson.Less
This chapter offers Mary Bryan's introduction to full-time employment as a writer and editor with the Georgia Temperance Crusader after the journal's relocation to Atlanta. It covers not only her journalistic experience but also her introduction to the city and its literary scene, including personalities such as James Summerfield Slaughter, Maria Jourdan Westmoreland, Myron Napier Bartlett, and William Henry Peck. The authors follow the evolution of Mary’s career as she directs her ambition toward the New York Ledger and working for its famed publisher Robert Bonner. With the threat of civil war looming, Mary battles her father's objections to her working in the North, only to find that he has concluded an arrangement compelling her return to her husband in Louisiana. She takes with her only an agreement to write for the Georgia-based Southern Field and Fireside and its editor John Reuben Thompson.
Cadwallader Colden
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501713903
- eISBN:
- 9781501712555
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501713903.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, American History: early to 18th Century
This chapter first describes the Five Nations' continuing war with the French. The Five Nations had sent a party to the Island of Montreal that attacked a party of regular troops, killing the ...
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This chapter first describes the Five Nations' continuing war with the French. The Five Nations had sent a party to the Island of Montreal that attacked a party of regular troops, killing the commanding Officer and twelve of his Men. Another party carried off fifteen or sixteen Prisoners from Riviere Puante, over Trois Rivieres. These incursions kept the entire river, from Montreal to Quebeck, in a constant state of alarm, and resulted in the Governor of Canada sending all the soldiers to guard the south side of the river. The remainder of the chapter covers the Mohawks's growing distrust of the English, thus prompting them to consider making peace with the French; and the meeting between Colonel Slaughter, the Governor of New York, and the Five Nations, at the end of May 1691.Less
This chapter first describes the Five Nations' continuing war with the French. The Five Nations had sent a party to the Island of Montreal that attacked a party of regular troops, killing the commanding Officer and twelve of his Men. Another party carried off fifteen or sixteen Prisoners from Riviere Puante, over Trois Rivieres. These incursions kept the entire river, from Montreal to Quebeck, in a constant state of alarm, and resulted in the Governor of Canada sending all the soldiers to guard the south side of the river. The remainder of the chapter covers the Mohawks's growing distrust of the English, thus prompting them to consider making peace with the French; and the meeting between Colonel Slaughter, the Governor of New York, and the Five Nations, at the end of May 1691.
Daniella Talmon-Heller
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474460965
- eISBN:
- 9781474480772
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460965.003.0016
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This chapter presents Rajab as one of the three holy months of pre-Islamic Arabia. The taboo on manslaughter during Rajab allowed safe travel, fairs, and the performance of the pilgrimage known as ...
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This chapter presents Rajab as one of the three holy months of pre-Islamic Arabia. The taboo on manslaughter during Rajab allowed safe travel, fairs, and the performance of the pilgrimage known as ʿumra. Rajab's sanctity survived the transition from Jahiliyya to Islam, but remained contested for centuries. Muslims commemorated it by fasting, ritual slaughter, supplications, iʿtikāf in mosques, and special sermons. Devotional works, written by Shiʿis and Sunnis from the ninth-century onwards, promise the remittance of sins and other great rewards, for rites performed in Rajab.Less
This chapter presents Rajab as one of the three holy months of pre-Islamic Arabia. The taboo on manslaughter during Rajab allowed safe travel, fairs, and the performance of the pilgrimage known as ʿumra. Rajab's sanctity survived the transition from Jahiliyya to Islam, but remained contested for centuries. Muslims commemorated it by fasting, ritual slaughter, supplications, iʿtikāf in mosques, and special sermons. Devotional works, written by Shiʿis and Sunnis from the ninth-century onwards, promise the remittance of sins and other great rewards, for rites performed in Rajab.
Yaacov Deutsch
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199756537
- eISBN:
- 9780199950201
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756537.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, Judaism
Following a survey of the depiction of Jewish eating customs in ancient and medieval texts, this chapter scrutinizes the corresponding early modern accounts. It addresses the Jews' abstinence from ...
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Following a survey of the depiction of Jewish eating customs in ancient and medieval texts, this chapter scrutinizes the corresponding early modern accounts. It addresses the Jews' abstinence from pork; ritual slaughter; the separation between meat and milk and the tvila (immersion) of utensils; yeyn nesekh; and the perceived gluttony of the Jews. The chapter attempts to determine how the authors of the ethnographic accounts contended with these norms and guidelines, particularly their view of the fact that the attendant guidelines and practices set the Jews firmly apart from the rest of European society. As opposed to Yom Kippur and the birth rituals, which are primarily connected to the religious sphere of life and are observed on specific dates or occasions, the laws that govern food are applicable all year round. In consequence, they also had a substantial impact on the individual Jew's daily social interactions. In this respect, the descriptions of Jewish eating habits not only serves as a case study for the manner in which the various authors grasped the Jews' religious distinctiveness, but their cultural otherness as well.Less
Following a survey of the depiction of Jewish eating customs in ancient and medieval texts, this chapter scrutinizes the corresponding early modern accounts. It addresses the Jews' abstinence from pork; ritual slaughter; the separation between meat and milk and the tvila (immersion) of utensils; yeyn nesekh; and the perceived gluttony of the Jews. The chapter attempts to determine how the authors of the ethnographic accounts contended with these norms and guidelines, particularly their view of the fact that the attendant guidelines and practices set the Jews firmly apart from the rest of European society. As opposed to Yom Kippur and the birth rituals, which are primarily connected to the religious sphere of life and are observed on specific dates or occasions, the laws that govern food are applicable all year round. In consequence, they also had a substantial impact on the individual Jew's daily social interactions. In this respect, the descriptions of Jewish eating habits not only serves as a case study for the manner in which the various authors grasped the Jews' religious distinctiveness, but their cultural otherness as well.
Stilt Talar
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199602438
- eISBN:
- 9780191729348
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602438.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Legal History
This chapter examines the muhtasib’s actions regarding general market regulation and consumer protection. In the first case, the muhtasib dispatched a deputy to assess the activities in a new market ...
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This chapter examines the muhtasib’s actions regarding general market regulation and consumer protection. In the first case, the muhtasib dispatched a deputy to assess the activities in a new market on the edge of town that was started by Nubians. In the second case, the muhtasib punished merchants who were selling meat that was not Islamically permissible. In the third case, the muhtasib ordered bath house attendants to provide customers ample sized towels, organized weighers so that they were distributed evenly throughout the city, and forbade certain merchants from lighting their lamps at night with flax seed oil. The fourth case describes how the muhtasib tried to ensure that standard weights and measures were used in the market. In the fifth case, the muhtasib punished a merchant whose storehouse contained rotten birds. In the sixth case, the muhtasib required merchants to set up a market outside of Cairo.Less
This chapter examines the muhtasib’s actions regarding general market regulation and consumer protection. In the first case, the muhtasib dispatched a deputy to assess the activities in a new market on the edge of town that was started by Nubians. In the second case, the muhtasib punished merchants who were selling meat that was not Islamically permissible. In the third case, the muhtasib ordered bath house attendants to provide customers ample sized towels, organized weighers so that they were distributed evenly throughout the city, and forbade certain merchants from lighting their lamps at night with flax seed oil. The fourth case describes how the muhtasib tried to ensure that standard weights and measures were used in the market. In the fifth case, the muhtasib punished a merchant whose storehouse contained rotten birds. In the sixth case, the muhtasib required merchants to set up a market outside of Cairo.
Gyanendra Pandey
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198077305
- eISBN:
- 9780199081097
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077305.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, Indian History
The ritual slaughter of cows came to occupy centre-stage in the politics of the late nineteenth century ‘not so much because the Muslims loved to sacrifice cows as because the militant Hindus [and, ...
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The ritual slaughter of cows came to occupy centre-stage in the politics of the late nineteenth century ‘not so much because the Muslims loved to sacrifice cows as because the militant Hindus [and, one might add, the colonial regime] made it an issue’. Cow-protection was also of special importance in bridging the gap between urban and rural Hindus and élite and popular levels of ‘communalism’. This chapter asks how all this happened: what did the call for cow-protection amount to, and how was it received by different sections of the putative Hindu community? These questions are investigated through a close examination of Cow-Protection activities and propaganda in the Bhojpuri region.Less
The ritual slaughter of cows came to occupy centre-stage in the politics of the late nineteenth century ‘not so much because the Muslims loved to sacrifice cows as because the militant Hindus [and, one might add, the colonial regime] made it an issue’. Cow-protection was also of special importance in bridging the gap between urban and rural Hindus and élite and popular levels of ‘communalism’. This chapter asks how all this happened: what did the call for cow-protection amount to, and how was it received by different sections of the putative Hindu community? These questions are investigated through a close examination of Cow-Protection activities and propaganda in the Bhojpuri region.
Nancy Rose Hunt
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520229488
- eISBN:
- 9780520927292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520229488.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter examines the depiction of Congolese people in comics, focusing on Tintin au Congo by Georges Rémi. It suggests that Tintin au Congo is notorious for its depiction of animal slaughter and ...
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This chapter examines the depiction of Congolese people in comics, focusing on Tintin au Congo by Georges Rémi. It suggests that Tintin au Congo is notorious for its depiction of animal slaughter and its caricatured representation of the black body and it racialized humor is elemental, largely arising from contradictory pairings and episodes of misrecognition. It also describes comic-based advertisements produced by Europeans for Congolese people and the icons and aesthetics of interwar Congo.Less
This chapter examines the depiction of Congolese people in comics, focusing on Tintin au Congo by Georges Rémi. It suggests that Tintin au Congo is notorious for its depiction of animal slaughter and its caricatured representation of the black body and it racialized humor is elemental, largely arising from contradictory pairings and episodes of misrecognition. It also describes comic-based advertisements produced by Europeans for Congolese people and the icons and aesthetics of interwar Congo.
Susanne Schmidt
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226686851
- eISBN:
- 9780226686998
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226686998.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine
What is the meaning of the surprising origin story of the midlife crisis? Reflecting on the history of the midlife crisis in light of ongoing debates about the cost of living for women and men, the ...
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What is the meaning of the surprising origin story of the midlife crisis? Reflecting on the history of the midlife crisis in light of ongoing debates about the cost of living for women and men, the final chapter points to the relevance of female and feminist discourses about aging and the life-course. Feminist conceptions of “midlife crisis” continue to exist, although the term is rarely used. The idea of changing your life midway through is central in the work of theorist Sara Ahmed, and middle age also remains prominent in the debate about gender and careers, where a new “midlife crisis at 30” describes women’s anxiety about integrating work and family lives. However, as Sheila Heti points out, time and aging often liberate from the strain of making a decision and can bring relief for women who are faced with the choice of motherhood. By illuminating critical attitudes and alternative conceptions of the meaning of life, the story of the midlife crisis makes visible the legacy of feminist thought and practice. This makes it important to better comprehend who suppressed it and how, while also encouraging a fuller engagement with feminist pasts as a starting point for new visions today.Less
What is the meaning of the surprising origin story of the midlife crisis? Reflecting on the history of the midlife crisis in light of ongoing debates about the cost of living for women and men, the final chapter points to the relevance of female and feminist discourses about aging and the life-course. Feminist conceptions of “midlife crisis” continue to exist, although the term is rarely used. The idea of changing your life midway through is central in the work of theorist Sara Ahmed, and middle age also remains prominent in the debate about gender and careers, where a new “midlife crisis at 30” describes women’s anxiety about integrating work and family lives. However, as Sheila Heti points out, time and aging often liberate from the strain of making a decision and can bring relief for women who are faced with the choice of motherhood. By illuminating critical attitudes and alternative conceptions of the meaning of life, the story of the midlife crisis makes visible the legacy of feminist thought and practice. This makes it important to better comprehend who suppressed it and how, while also encouraging a fuller engagement with feminist pasts as a starting point for new visions today.
Jeanne Guillemin
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520222045
- eISBN:
- 9780520927100
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520222045.003.0012
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This chapter centers on the period when the research team was unable to travel beyond Yekaterinburg, because the southern region remained closed to outsiders, first describing the monuments ...
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This chapter centers on the period when the research team was unable to travel beyond Yekaterinburg, because the southern region remained closed to outsiders, first describing the monuments commemorating the Romanov dynasty, and showing how Arnold Schwarzenegger became the emblem of Cold War villainy for Americans. It then briefly relates the slaughtering and distribution of cattle in the meat factory in Chkalovskiy, and ends with an account of an interview with the families of Fagim Dayanov and Pyotr Gayda.Less
This chapter centers on the period when the research team was unable to travel beyond Yekaterinburg, because the southern region remained closed to outsiders, first describing the monuments commemorating the Romanov dynasty, and showing how Arnold Schwarzenegger became the emblem of Cold War villainy for Americans. It then briefly relates the slaughtering and distribution of cattle in the meat factory in Chkalovskiy, and ends with an account of an interview with the families of Fagim Dayanov and Pyotr Gayda.
Simon Hobbs
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781474427371
- eISBN:
- 9781474453554
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427371.003.0004
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter starts with an assessment of Jean-Luc Godard’s auteur status, before focusing on Weekend, a film frequently overlooked in discussions of extreme art cinema. By drawing attention to the ...
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This chapter starts with an assessment of Jean-Luc Godard’s auteur status, before focusing on Weekend, a film frequently overlooked in discussions of extreme art cinema. By drawing attention to the film’s depiction of cannibalism, rape and real animal slaughter, the chapter highlights the similarities it shares with other extreme texts, repositioning it within the boarder extreme art film tradition outlined throughout the book. To find out whether this reputation impacts the commercial identity of the film, the chapter moves on to explore the paratextuality of the film. Ultimately concluding that the film’s distributors (Artificial Eye) offer a hybridised object that flirts with extremity, the chapter then examines Ruggero Deodato’s Cannibal Holocaust. Noting similarities between the films, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of Shameless Screen Entertainment collectors’ edition DVD. Showing how the paratextual material re-constructs the film’s history, the analysis argues that Cannibal Holocaust’s remediation moves it away from an exploitation film ghetto by employing traditionally highbrow marketing techniques. By complicating existing ideas regarding the commercial function of extremity, the chapter illustrates the extent to which home entertainment objects obscure long-standing taste distinctions.Less
This chapter starts with an assessment of Jean-Luc Godard’s auteur status, before focusing on Weekend, a film frequently overlooked in discussions of extreme art cinema. By drawing attention to the film’s depiction of cannibalism, rape and real animal slaughter, the chapter highlights the similarities it shares with other extreme texts, repositioning it within the boarder extreme art film tradition outlined throughout the book. To find out whether this reputation impacts the commercial identity of the film, the chapter moves on to explore the paratextuality of the film. Ultimately concluding that the film’s distributors (Artificial Eye) offer a hybridised object that flirts with extremity, the chapter then examines Ruggero Deodato’s Cannibal Holocaust. Noting similarities between the films, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of Shameless Screen Entertainment collectors’ edition DVD. Showing how the paratextual material re-constructs the film’s history, the analysis argues that Cannibal Holocaust’s remediation moves it away from an exploitation film ghetto by employing traditionally highbrow marketing techniques. By complicating existing ideas regarding the commercial function of extremity, the chapter illustrates the extent to which home entertainment objects obscure long-standing taste distinctions.
