D. W. Yalden and U. Albarella
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199217519
- eISBN:
- 9780191712296
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217519.003.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology, Ornithology
This Introduction discusses the reasons for writing this book and problems encountered. It mentions how the database of archaeological sites and bird records and the EndNote database of relevant ...
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This Introduction discusses the reasons for writing this book and problems encountered. It mentions how the database of archaeological sites and bird records and the EndNote database of relevant literature came about, the imformation gathered from both are summarized in the book.Less
This Introduction discusses the reasons for writing this book and problems encountered. It mentions how the database of archaeological sites and bird records and the EndNote database of relevant literature came about, the imformation gathered from both are summarized in the book.
Matthew Clayton
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199268948
- eISBN:
- 9780191603693
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199268940.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
This chapter sets out the liberal ideals of justice and legitimacy that form the basis of the conception of upbringing defended in later chapters. It begins with a summary of Rawls’s conception of ...
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This chapter sets out the liberal ideals of justice and legitimacy that form the basis of the conception of upbringing defended in later chapters. It begins with a summary of Rawls’s conception of political morality, then discusses the different dimensions of liberal autonomy and summarizes Rawls’s case for anti-perfectionist justice. Section 3 considers certain objections to Rawls’s political liberalism and against Rawls, asserting the view that autonomy should be treated as valuable in non-political lives. Section 4 sets out a conception of advantage with which to judge the demands of justice, drawing on Rawls’s account of the interests of citizens and Dworkin’s hypothetical insurance scheme. Finally, the questions addressed in later chapters are clarified by reference to recent discussions of the issue of the site of political morality offered by G.A. Cohen and Andrew Williams.Less
This chapter sets out the liberal ideals of justice and legitimacy that form the basis of the conception of upbringing defended in later chapters. It begins with a summary of Rawls’s conception of political morality, then discusses the different dimensions of liberal autonomy and summarizes Rawls’s case for anti-perfectionist justice. Section 3 considers certain objections to Rawls’s political liberalism and against Rawls, asserting the view that autonomy should be treated as valuable in non-political lives. Section 4 sets out a conception of advantage with which to judge the demands of justice, drawing on Rawls’s account of the interests of citizens and Dworkin’s hypothetical insurance scheme. Finally, the questions addressed in later chapters are clarified by reference to recent discussions of the issue of the site of political morality offered by G.A. Cohen and Andrew Williams.
Malcolm Ausden
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198568728
- eISBN:
- 9780191717529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568728.003.0011
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
Urban areas, gardens, and backyards can support a diverse range of wildlife, including a number of species rare in or absent from more semi-natural habitats. This chapter discusses the general ...
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Urban areas, gardens, and backyards can support a diverse range of wildlife, including a number of species rare in or absent from more semi-natural habitats. This chapter discusses the general principles of the management of these areas. It also briefly discusses management of mineral-extraction sites and developed land or buildings that are not currently in use, commonly known as brownfield or post-industrial sites. Mineral-extraction sites usually occur in the wider countryside, but are discussed here because of their similarity to brownfield sites.Less
Urban areas, gardens, and backyards can support a diverse range of wildlife, including a number of species rare in or absent from more semi-natural habitats. This chapter discusses the general principles of the management of these areas. It also briefly discusses management of mineral-extraction sites and developed land or buildings that are not currently in use, commonly known as brownfield or post-industrial sites. Mineral-extraction sites usually occur in the wider countryside, but are discussed here because of their similarity to brownfield sites.
ROGER BECK
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199216130
- eISBN:
- 9780191712128
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216130.003.0012
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Religions
This concluding chapter revisits the summary description of the religion of the Mithras cult proposed in Chapter 1.
This concluding chapter revisits the summary description of the religion of the Mithras cult proposed in Chapter 1.
Joy Damousi
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- September 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266663
- eISBN:
- 9780191905384
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266663.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
In October 1949, in the closing month of the Greek Civil War, a young soldier named Pandelis Klinkatsis was killed stepping on a landmine in Northern Greece. Pandelis was my uncle. The announcement ...
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In October 1949, in the closing month of the Greek Civil War, a young soldier named Pandelis Klinkatsis was killed stepping on a landmine in Northern Greece. Pandelis was my uncle. The announcement of his death devastated his immediate family including my mother Sophia. I focus this chapter on the individual story of the loss of my uncle and my mother’s grief to cast a wider canvas on the emotions of war and their enduring legacies. This story explores the repercussions of war such as migration, the impact on sibling and romantic love, absence and separation during and after war. It examines the implications of these displacements in writing an emotional history of war. Such a history is typically conveyed through oral storytelling, and oral history forms the basis of the narrative. But there are two other ways in which the memory and emotion of war experience are kept alive in a transnational world. The first expression is in the form of photography, the second is the role grave sites play in the nexus between mourning and memory over time. Pandelis’s story takes us to Greece, Austria, America, and Australia. I argue that it encapsulates the complex geographical and emotional fragments created by war, which are manifest in love and death, mourning and memory, in a transnational context across four countries. Both the Second World War and the Greek Civil War created a landscape of emotions—the legacies of which are indelible—and continue to the present day.Less
In October 1949, in the closing month of the Greek Civil War, a young soldier named Pandelis Klinkatsis was killed stepping on a landmine in Northern Greece. Pandelis was my uncle. The announcement of his death devastated his immediate family including my mother Sophia. I focus this chapter on the individual story of the loss of my uncle and my mother’s grief to cast a wider canvas on the emotions of war and their enduring legacies. This story explores the repercussions of war such as migration, the impact on sibling and romantic love, absence and separation during and after war. It examines the implications of these displacements in writing an emotional history of war. Such a history is typically conveyed through oral storytelling, and oral history forms the basis of the narrative. But there are two other ways in which the memory and emotion of war experience are kept alive in a transnational world. The first expression is in the form of photography, the second is the role grave sites play in the nexus between mourning and memory over time. Pandelis’s story takes us to Greece, Austria, America, and Australia. I argue that it encapsulates the complex geographical and emotional fragments created by war, which are manifest in love and death, mourning and memory, in a transnational context across four countries. Both the Second World War and the Greek Civil War created a landscape of emotions—the legacies of which are indelible—and continue to the present day.
Marie Ødegaard
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266588
- eISBN:
- 9780191896040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266588.003.0005
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter discusses large cooking-pit sites as remains of large-scale gatherings, and investigates whether they could have functioned as early assembly sites. Three such locations in Vestfold ...
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This chapter discusses large cooking-pit sites as remains of large-scale gatherings, and investigates whether they could have functioned as early assembly sites. Three such locations in Vestfold county, south-east Norway, are discussed, with a particular focus on one of them, Lunde—one of Northern Europe’s largest cooking-pit sites. This chapter examines the possible relationship between them, medieval thing sites and later administrative areas. Cooking-pit sites fall out of use around ad 600, a change that corresponds with several cultural-historical transformations in Scandinavia. The different integrated components of the sites—cultic, juridical and military functions—were divided spatially at that time, perhaps as a result of changing social structures and establishment of petty kingdoms in Eastern Norway. In time, however, royal control over the thing organisation grew increasingly, leading to more formalised systems of governance and administration.Less
This chapter discusses large cooking-pit sites as remains of large-scale gatherings, and investigates whether they could have functioned as early assembly sites. Three such locations in Vestfold county, south-east Norway, are discussed, with a particular focus on one of them, Lunde—one of Northern Europe’s largest cooking-pit sites. This chapter examines the possible relationship between them, medieval thing sites and later administrative areas. Cooking-pit sites fall out of use around ad 600, a change that corresponds with several cultural-historical transformations in Scandinavia. The different integrated components of the sites—cultic, juridical and military functions—were divided spatially at that time, perhaps as a result of changing social structures and establishment of petty kingdoms in Eastern Norway. In time, however, royal control over the thing organisation grew increasingly, leading to more formalised systems of governance and administration.
Halldis Hobæk
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266588
- eISBN:
- 9780191896040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266588.003.0006
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
While the socio-political and judicial role and importance of assemblies in Viking Age and medieval Norway has been discussed by generations of historians, the physical aspects of assembly sites and ...
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While the socio-political and judicial role and importance of assemblies in Viking Age and medieval Norway has been discussed by generations of historians, the physical aspects of assembly sites and their precise locations has, until recently, been an under-researched topic. Very few assembly sites have been identified. Focusing on Western Norway, this chapter discusses approaches to identifying such sites. It is argued that while archaeology offers great potential for future studies in this field, a multi-disciplinary approach to the locating of sites from Viking and medieval times is preferable. By combining information from historical records and onomastic material, eighty-three documented probable or possible sites have been identified, thus significantly augmenting the number of known thing sites within the research area.Less
While the socio-political and judicial role and importance of assemblies in Viking Age and medieval Norway has been discussed by generations of historians, the physical aspects of assembly sites and their precise locations has, until recently, been an under-researched topic. Very few assembly sites have been identified. Focusing on Western Norway, this chapter discusses approaches to identifying such sites. It is argued that while archaeology offers great potential for future studies in this field, a multi-disciplinary approach to the locating of sites from Viking and medieval times is preferable. By combining information from historical records and onomastic material, eighty-three documented probable or possible sites have been identified, thus significantly augmenting the number of known thing sites within the research area.
Frode Iversen
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266588
- eISBN:
- 9780191896040
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266588.003.0008
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Historical Archaeology
This chapter deals with the geographical organisation of the thing-system of Northern Europe prior to the state-formation processes in the 9th and 10th centuries ad. The courtyard sites (ad 200–900) ...
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This chapter deals with the geographical organisation of the thing-system of Northern Europe prior to the state-formation processes in the 9th and 10th centuries ad. The courtyard sites (ad 200–900) of Hålogaland, Norway are interpreted as an early form of legal, cultic and military assembly sites and their size and location are discussed in relation to administrative landscapes (thing-units) reconstructed on the basis of later written sources (ad 1150–1560s). There is a remarkable correlation between the number of houseplots and the number of administrative units in the areas in question. This new discovery has far-reaching implications for understanding the age and formation processes of administrative legal landscapes on the fringes of Northern Europe.Less
This chapter deals with the geographical organisation of the thing-system of Northern Europe prior to the state-formation processes in the 9th and 10th centuries ad. The courtyard sites (ad 200–900) of Hålogaland, Norway are interpreted as an early form of legal, cultic and military assembly sites and their size and location are discussed in relation to administrative landscapes (thing-units) reconstructed on the basis of later written sources (ad 1150–1560s). There is a remarkable correlation between the number of houseplots and the number of administrative units in the areas in question. This new discovery has far-reaching implications for understanding the age and formation processes of administrative legal landscapes on the fringes of Northern Europe.
Malcolm Ausden
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780198568728
- eISBN:
- 9780191717529
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198568728.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter discusses management/site action planning for habitat management: the process for deciding what you want to achieve, how to achieve it, and how to monitor whether you are achieving it. ...
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This chapter discusses management/site action planning for habitat management: the process for deciding what you want to achieve, how to achieve it, and how to monitor whether you are achieving it. Topics covered include the format of the management action plan, monitoring and surveillance, and agri-environment schemes and conservation programmes.Less
This chapter discusses management/site action planning for habitat management: the process for deciding what you want to achieve, how to achieve it, and how to monitor whether you are achieving it. Topics covered include the format of the management action plan, monitoring and surveillance, and agri-environment schemes and conservation programmes.
Todd V. Crawford, Charles W. Miller, and Allen H. Weber
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195127270
- eISBN:
- 9780199869121
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195127270.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Biochemistry / Molecular Biology
This chapter assists professionals in selecting and properly using atmospheric transport, diffusion, and deposition models to estimate the transport and deposition of radionuclides released into the ...
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This chapter assists professionals in selecting and properly using atmospheric transport, diffusion, and deposition models to estimate the transport and deposition of radionuclides released into the atmosphere. After presenting meteorological fundamentals applicable to atmospheric processes, different types of mathematical models and modeling approaches are discussed. Fundamental principles and guidelines are also presented to help professionals select the most appropriate model for a given assessment problem, and to sensitize model users to the need for using appropriate and accurate site data in model calculations.Less
This chapter assists professionals in selecting and properly using atmospheric transport, diffusion, and deposition models to estimate the transport and deposition of radionuclides released into the atmosphere. After presenting meteorological fundamentals applicable to atmospheric processes, different types of mathematical models and modeling approaches are discussed. Fundamental principles and guidelines are also presented to help professionals select the most appropriate model for a given assessment problem, and to sensitize model users to the need for using appropriate and accurate site data in model calculations.
Michael Fulford
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562596
- eISBN:
- 9780191721458
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562596.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter highlights the need from the perspective of the consuming community for an integrated approach to the comparative analysis of quantified material culture and environmental assemblages ...
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This chapter highlights the need from the perspective of the consuming community for an integrated approach to the comparative analysis of quantified material culture and environmental assemblages and change over time. At the same time, given the plentiful evidence for long-distance trade in the Roman world, it is important to begin to understand what this represented to different consuming communities in terms of expectations and values. What are ‘normal’ distributions in a marine or terrestrial environment, or in different social contexts? Long-distance traded goods are common on early Roman military sites on the frontiers, but rare on native sites, though in real terms it would have cost the same to reach both communities. Were these goods luxury in the native context, but everyday in the military? What would the military have considered as exotic?Less
This chapter highlights the need from the perspective of the consuming community for an integrated approach to the comparative analysis of quantified material culture and environmental assemblages and change over time. At the same time, given the plentiful evidence for long-distance trade in the Roman world, it is important to begin to understand what this represented to different consuming communities in terms of expectations and values. What are ‘normal’ distributions in a marine or terrestrial environment, or in different social contexts? Long-distance traded goods are common on early Roman military sites on the frontiers, but rare on native sites, though in real terms it would have cost the same to reach both communities. Were these goods luxury in the native context, but everyday in the military? What would the military have considered as exotic?
Nancy Rothwell and Sarah Loddick (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198509806
- eISBN:
- 9780191724596
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509806.001.0001
- Subject:
- Neuroscience, Disorders of the Nervous System
This new edition covers advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms ...
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This new edition covers advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms involved to intervene in, and arrest, neurodegenerative disease processes. This book covers developmental aspects of immune/inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), basic aspects of glial function, as well as inflammatory mediators, their mechanisms of action, clinical importance, and sites of infection. There is also coverage of the major diseases of the CNS, including stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, the focus is on the underlying basic neuroscience, clinical relevance, and the potential for therapeutic interventions. The book will be useful for improving the diagnosis of neuroimmune diseases and determining therapeutic measures.Less
This new edition covers advances in understanding immunological and inflammatory responses in the nervous system, research driven by the potential to use knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms involved to intervene in, and arrest, neurodegenerative disease processes. This book covers developmental aspects of immune/inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), basic aspects of glial function, as well as inflammatory mediators, their mechanisms of action, clinical importance, and sites of infection. There is also coverage of the major diseases of the CNS, including stroke, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Throughout, the focus is on the underlying basic neuroscience, clinical relevance, and the potential for therapeutic interventions. The book will be useful for improving the diagnosis of neuroimmune diseases and determining therapeutic measures.
Angela M. Lahr
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314489
- eISBN:
- 9780199872077
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314489.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
The end of the Cold War did not diminish the influence of evangelicalism on American society. Evangelicals continued to draw on eschatological interpretations to shape their worldviews. The number of ...
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The end of the Cold War did not diminish the influence of evangelicalism on American society. Evangelicals continued to draw on eschatological interpretations to shape their worldviews. The number of prophecy Web sites exploded in the late twentieth century, and born‐again Christians proved a profitable market for the popular Left Behind series. Speculation about evangelical influence on political institutions and local, state, and national elections persist into the 21st century. Yet the diverse evangelical frameworks that emerged after the Vietnam War make it clear that evangelicalism is not monolithic. Whatever the framework, though, American evangelicalism today was in part empowered by its demarginalization in the Cold War.Less
The end of the Cold War did not diminish the influence of evangelicalism on American society. Evangelicals continued to draw on eschatological interpretations to shape their worldviews. The number of prophecy Web sites exploded in the late twentieth century, and born‐again Christians proved a profitable market for the popular Left Behind series. Speculation about evangelical influence on political institutions and local, state, and national elections persist into the 21st century. Yet the diverse evangelical frameworks that emerged after the Vietnam War make it clear that evangelicalism is not monolithic. Whatever the framework, though, American evangelicalism today was in part empowered by its demarginalization in the Cold War.
Kathleen Garces‐Foley
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195335224
- eISBN:
- 9780199868810
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335224.003.0015
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of ...
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In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of their social context. By moving students beyond the classroom, we force them to step beyond the comfort of academic distance and encounter religion and death on their own terms. This chapter describes the pedagogical benefits of site visits and how they can enhance the study of death from a “lived religion” perspective. It also explores ethical issues arising from site visits and suggests practical ways to maximize the success of the site visit, from planning the trip to student preparation through the follow-up analysis. Lastly, it offers specific suggestions for visits to the most common sites used in death courses, namely cemeteries and funeral homes.Less
In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of their social context. By moving students beyond the classroom, we force them to step beyond the comfort of academic distance and encounter religion and death on their own terms. This chapter describes the pedagogical benefits of site visits and how they can enhance the study of death from a “lived religion” perspective. It also explores ethical issues arising from site visits and suggests practical ways to maximize the success of the site visit, from planning the trip to student preparation through the follow-up analysis. Lastly, it offers specific suggestions for visits to the most common sites used in death courses, namely cemeteries and funeral homes.
Lara Deeb and Mona Harb
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691153650
- eISBN:
- 9781400848560
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691153650.003.0004
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Prior to 2000, Dahiya had a few pizza places scattered along some of its commercial streets that functioned like the local man'oushe and fast-food stands. With the introduction of the Internet in ...
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Prior to 2000, Dahiya had a few pizza places scattered along some of its commercial streets that functioned like the local man'oushe and fast-food stands. With the introduction of the Internet in Lebanon, businesses providing access appeared across Beirut, including in Dahiya. Initially, Internet access was incorporated into the “amusement centers” where young men played pool and computer games. Eventually, some of these gaming centers became small cybercafés, providing Wi-Fi along with wired desktop computers, food, and drinks. Over time, they attracted an increasingly mixed clientele of youths. This chapter provides a geographic analysis of these new leisure sites, mapping them onto Dahiya's streets and neighborhoods, and comparing their architectural design and aesthetic features.Less
Prior to 2000, Dahiya had a few pizza places scattered along some of its commercial streets that functioned like the local man'oushe and fast-food stands. With the introduction of the Internet in Lebanon, businesses providing access appeared across Beirut, including in Dahiya. Initially, Internet access was incorporated into the “amusement centers” where young men played pool and computer games. Eventually, some of these gaming centers became small cybercafés, providing Wi-Fi along with wired desktop computers, food, and drinks. Over time, they attracted an increasingly mixed clientele of youths. This chapter provides a geographic analysis of these new leisure sites, mapping them onto Dahiya's streets and neighborhoods, and comparing their architectural design and aesthetic features.
Pierre Allard
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197264140
- eISBN:
- 9780191734489
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197264140.003.0011
- Subject:
- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
The last thirty years have seen increasing numbers of excavations of early Neolithic settlements in the main Paris Basin river valleys. These early Neolithic sites can be seen as part of the Danubian ...
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The last thirty years have seen increasing numbers of excavations of early Neolithic settlements in the main Paris Basin river valleys. These early Neolithic sites can be seen as part of the Danubian period, and specifically belong to the Rubané and Villeneuve–Saint-Germain–Blicquy cultures. The Paris Basin is also an area with many excavated Mesolithic sites. This chapter presents a review of research into neolithization processes on the westernmost edge of Danubian expansion. The study is mainly based on lithic finds, because recent work has greatly improved our knowledge not only of Early Neolithic, but also of Mesolithic, flint industries in the Paris basin.Less
The last thirty years have seen increasing numbers of excavations of early Neolithic settlements in the main Paris Basin river valleys. These early Neolithic sites can be seen as part of the Danubian period, and specifically belong to the Rubané and Villeneuve–Saint-Germain–Blicquy cultures. The Paris Basin is also an area with many excavated Mesolithic sites. This chapter presents a review of research into neolithization processes on the westernmost edge of Danubian expansion. The study is mainly based on lithic finds, because recent work has greatly improved our knowledge not only of Early Neolithic, but also of Mesolithic, flint industries in the Paris basin.
Ronald W. Langacker
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195331967
- eISBN:
- 9780199868209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.003.0007
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Syntax and Morphology
Constructions are characterized in terms of four basic factors: correspondences, profiling, elaboration, and constituency. Correspondences are the basis for semantic and grammatical integration; they ...
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Constructions are characterized in terms of four basic factors: correspondences, profiling, elaboration, and constituency. Correspondences are the basis for semantic and grammatical integration; they specify the conceptual and phonological overlap between component structures, as well as between the component and composite structures. Semantic integration often involves multiple correspondences. Semantic anomaly arises when corresponding elements have inconsistent properties. Usually the composite structure inherits its profile (and thus its grammatical category) from one of the component structures, which is thus the constructional head (or profile determinant). It is also usual for one component structure to elaborate a schematic substructure (an elaboration site) within the other component. A component which makes salient schematic reference to another in this manner is said to be dependent on it. Organization in relationships of autonomy/dependence (A/D-alignment) is a basic feature of language structure. The difference between complements and modifiers is a matter of whether these component structures are autonomous or dependent with respect to the constructional head. Constituency is the hierarchical aspect of symbolic assemblies. Contrary to standard views, constituency is neither fundamental nor essential to grammar, and while it does emerge, it is neither invariant nor exhaustive of grammatical structure. Grammatical relations (like subject and object) are defined on the basis of semantic factors and correspondences, and are thus independent of particular constituency configurations.Less
Constructions are characterized in terms of four basic factors: correspondences, profiling, elaboration, and constituency. Correspondences are the basis for semantic and grammatical integration; they specify the conceptual and phonological overlap between component structures, as well as between the component and composite structures. Semantic integration often involves multiple correspondences. Semantic anomaly arises when corresponding elements have inconsistent properties. Usually the composite structure inherits its profile (and thus its grammatical category) from one of the component structures, which is thus the constructional head (or profile determinant). It is also usual for one component structure to elaborate a schematic substructure (an elaboration site) within the other component. A component which makes salient schematic reference to another in this manner is said to be dependent on it. Organization in relationships of autonomy/dependence (A/D-alignment) is a basic feature of language structure. The difference between complements and modifiers is a matter of whether these component structures are autonomous or dependent with respect to the constructional head. Constituency is the hierarchical aspect of symbolic assemblies. Contrary to standard views, constituency is neither fundamental nor essential to grammar, and while it does emerge, it is neither invariant nor exhaustive of grammatical structure. Grammatical relations (like subject and object) are defined on the basis of semantic factors and correspondences, and are thus independent of particular constituency configurations.
Gawdat Gabra and Hany N. Takla
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789774163111
- eISBN:
- 9781617970481
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- American University in Cairo Press
- DOI:
- 10.5743/cairo/9789774163111.003.0024
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
The attention of archaeologists in the 1960s was attracted by Tell al-Qubeba mainly because of the many fragments of pottery scattered in this area (Sauneron and Martin 1982: 76–82). Along the ...
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The attention of archaeologists in the 1960s was attracted by Tell al-Qubeba mainly because of the many fragments of pottery scattered in this area (Sauneron and Martin 1982: 76–82). Along the northern and northeastern sides of the tell was the farm of the Abdel Bari al-Haniti family. Tell al-Qubeba covered five feddans (21,000 square meters), situated seven kilometers northwest of Esna, but concentrated on only one feddan. The original function of the circular structures could not be established with certainty at the time of the excavation. The proximity of the water pools suggests that they could have been used as stables for small animals. Tell al-Qubeba is an example of the many archaeological sites of secondary importance, often neglected or destroyed, that may nevertheless be useful for understanding Coptic architecture, life, and history.Less
The attention of archaeologists in the 1960s was attracted by Tell al-Qubeba mainly because of the many fragments of pottery scattered in this area (Sauneron and Martin 1982: 76–82). Along the northern and northeastern sides of the tell was the farm of the Abdel Bari al-Haniti family. Tell al-Qubeba covered five feddans (21,000 square meters), situated seven kilometers northwest of Esna, but concentrated on only one feddan. The original function of the circular structures could not be established with certainty at the time of the excavation. The proximity of the water pools suggests that they could have been used as stables for small animals. Tell al-Qubeba is an example of the many archaeological sites of secondary importance, often neglected or destroyed, that may nevertheless be useful for understanding Coptic architecture, life, and history.
Melanie Hall
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780197265413
- eISBN:
- 9780191760464
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265413.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, World Modern History
This chapter locates issues of heritage and preservation in broader debates about ownership of ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ property and its stewardship (or conservation) as an emerging representation of ...
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This chapter locates issues of heritage and preservation in broader debates about ownership of ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ property and its stewardship (or conservation) as an emerging representation of good governance. Phases of this relationship are considered at three ‘site-museums’. Initially, some in the United States saw Shakespeare's Birthplace as its own heritage and tried to acquire it. Secondly, Britain, which still spoke for Canada in matters of foreign policy, cooperated with the United States to protect monumental and scenic interest at Niagara Falls. This took place as national parks were emerging as a form of representational culture. Finally, British and American voluntarist groups come together to protect Carlyle's House, London, with government backing behind the scenes as a form of cultural diplomacy.Less
This chapter locates issues of heritage and preservation in broader debates about ownership of ‘natural’ and ‘cultural’ property and its stewardship (or conservation) as an emerging representation of good governance. Phases of this relationship are considered at three ‘site-museums’. Initially, some in the United States saw Shakespeare's Birthplace as its own heritage and tried to acquire it. Secondly, Britain, which still spoke for Canada in matters of foreign policy, cooperated with the United States to protect monumental and scenic interest at Niagara Falls. This took place as national parks were emerging as a form of representational culture. Finally, British and American voluntarist groups come together to protect Carlyle's House, London, with government backing behind the scenes as a form of cultural diplomacy.
Eric A. Gaucher
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780199299188
- eISBN:
- 9780191714979
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299188.003.0014
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
Approximately twenty studies have emerged where specific molecular systems from extinct organisms have been resurrected for study in the laboratory. These include digestive proteins (ribonucleases, ...
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Approximately twenty studies have emerged where specific molecular systems from extinct organisms have been resurrected for study in the laboratory. These include digestive proteins (ribonucleases, proteases, and lysozymes) in ruminants and primates, which are used to illustrate how digestive function arose from non-digestive function in response to a changing global ecosystem; fermentive enzymes from fungi, which are used to illustrate how molecular adaptation supported mammals as they displaced dinosaurs as the dominant large land animals; pigments in the visual system adapting to different environments; steroid hormone receptors adapting to changing function in steroid-based regulation of metazoans; fluorescent proteins from ocean-dwelling invertebrates; enzyme cofactor evolution; and proteins from very ancient bacteria helping to define environments where the earliest forms of bacterial life lived. This chapter summarizes the different approaches exploited by these studies. The chapter outlines the different strategies exploited when building ancient genes in the laboratory, the various systems used to express the encoded proteins of the ancient genes, and the different types of functional assay used to characterize the behaviors of the ancient biomolecules.Less
Approximately twenty studies have emerged where specific molecular systems from extinct organisms have been resurrected for study in the laboratory. These include digestive proteins (ribonucleases, proteases, and lysozymes) in ruminants and primates, which are used to illustrate how digestive function arose from non-digestive function in response to a changing global ecosystem; fermentive enzymes from fungi, which are used to illustrate how molecular adaptation supported mammals as they displaced dinosaurs as the dominant large land animals; pigments in the visual system adapting to different environments; steroid hormone receptors adapting to changing function in steroid-based regulation of metazoans; fluorescent proteins from ocean-dwelling invertebrates; enzyme cofactor evolution; and proteins from very ancient bacteria helping to define environments where the earliest forms of bacterial life lived. This chapter summarizes the different approaches exploited by these studies. The chapter outlines the different strategies exploited when building ancient genes in the laboratory, the various systems used to express the encoded proteins of the ancient genes, and the different types of functional assay used to characterize the behaviors of the ancient biomolecules.
