Tal Goldfajn
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198269533
- eISBN:
- 9780191683671
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198269533.003.0008
- Subject:
- Religion, Biblical Studies
This chapter examines how the basic relations of anteriority, simultaneity, and posteriority between different events are realized within each temporal set-up in a number of classical biblical Hebrew ...
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This chapter examines how the basic relations of anteriority, simultaneity, and posteriority between different events are realized within each temporal set-up in a number of classical biblical Hebrew (BH) narrative texts. It identifies the common verb order sequences commonly employed to convey anteriority, simultaneity, and posteriority in the basic temporal set-ups. It provides examples to show how some common verb forms are used in narrative to express temporal relations.Less
This chapter examines how the basic relations of anteriority, simultaneity, and posteriority between different events are realized within each temporal set-up in a number of classical biblical Hebrew (BH) narrative texts. It identifies the common verb order sequences commonly employed to convey anteriority, simultaneity, and posteriority in the basic temporal set-ups. It provides examples to show how some common verb forms are used in narrative to express temporal relations.
Rory Fox
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199285754
- eISBN:
- 9780191603563
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199285756.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter examines 13th century views of ‘simultaneity’ and their implications. It shows that medieval Latin word ‘simul’ (simultaneous) had a wide set of meanings and uses, only some of which ...
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This chapter examines 13th century views of ‘simultaneity’ and their implications. It shows that medieval Latin word ‘simul’ (simultaneous) had a wide set of meanings and uses, only some of which were reserved for discussions of temporality. Since 13th century thinkers clearly valued Aristotle’s insights, the tendency was to follow his approach and understanding of temporal simultaneity, defining it in terms of temporal priority and temporal posteriority. While this approach was reductively simple, it also had the consequence of defining out of consideration the set of issues which contemporary thinkers refer to as the question of whether time can be disunified or not. Essential to formulating that question is the possession of a metaphysics and language, which will make it possible to talk of instants which are neither before nor after each other, without that entailing that the instants are temporally simultaneous.Less
This chapter examines 13th century views of ‘simultaneity’ and their implications. It shows that medieval Latin word ‘simul’ (simultaneous) had a wide set of meanings and uses, only some of which were reserved for discussions of temporality. Since 13th century thinkers clearly valued Aristotle’s insights, the tendency was to follow his approach and understanding of temporal simultaneity, defining it in terms of temporal priority and temporal posteriority. While this approach was reductively simple, it also had the consequence of defining out of consideration the set of issues which contemporary thinkers refer to as the question of whether time can be disunified or not. Essential to formulating that question is the possession of a metaphysics and language, which will make it possible to talk of instants which are neither before nor after each other, without that entailing that the instants are temporally simultaneous.
Craig Bourne
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199212804
- eISBN:
- 9780191707094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212804.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Discusses the Galilean transformations, and the Newtonian conception of space, time, and motion, essentials for understanding the Lorentz transformations and Einstein's special theory of relativity. ...
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Discusses the Galilean transformations, and the Newtonian conception of space, time, and motion, essentials for understanding the Lorentz transformations and Einstein's special theory of relativity. Discusses, with the aid of many diagrams, the properties of Minkowski space‐time, such as the relativity of simultaneity, and concludes with some reflections on their philosophical significance.Less
Discusses the Galilean transformations, and the Newtonian conception of space, time, and motion, essentials for understanding the Lorentz transformations and Einstein's special theory of relativity. Discusses, with the aid of many diagrams, the properties of Minkowski space‐time, such as the relativity of simultaneity, and concludes with some reflections on their philosophical significance.
Craig Bourne
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199212804
- eISBN:
- 9780191707094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212804.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
I discuss the argument (put forward by Putnam and others) that special relativity is incompatible with presentism. I reject some ways (such as Stein's) to solve the problem, but suggest that the ...
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I discuss the argument (put forward by Putnam and others) that special relativity is incompatible with presentism. I reject some ways (such as Stein's) to solve the problem, but suggest that the problem lies in Einstein's definition of simultaneity. I offer an alternative way of understanding and defining simultaneity and show how the Lorentz transformations are to be understood in light of it. After defending the position against possible attack, I go on to show its positive benefits.Less
I discuss the argument (put forward by Putnam and others) that special relativity is incompatible with presentism. I reject some ways (such as Stein's) to solve the problem, but suggest that the problem lies in Einstein's definition of simultaneity. I offer an alternative way of understanding and defining simultaneity and show how the Lorentz transformations are to be understood in light of it. After defending the position against possible attack, I go on to show its positive benefits.
Craig Bourne
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199212804
- eISBN:
- 9780191707094
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212804.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Some tense theorists think that the expansion of the universe can be used to define an absolute cosmic time that then serves to define the notion of absolute simultaneity required by tense theories. ...
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Some tense theorists think that the expansion of the universe can be used to define an absolute cosmic time that then serves to define the notion of absolute simultaneity required by tense theories. I show how Mellor's argument against this strategy fails. Clarifying the strategy leads to an exposition of the Robertson‐Walker metric, which describes such expanding universes. I identify the real reasons why we should reject this way of defining absolute simultaneity and temporal becoming.Less
Some tense theorists think that the expansion of the universe can be used to define an absolute cosmic time that then serves to define the notion of absolute simultaneity required by tense theories. I show how Mellor's argument against this strategy fails. Clarifying the strategy leads to an exposition of the Robertson‐Walker metric, which describes such expanding universes. I identify the real reasons why we should reject this way of defining absolute simultaneity and temporal becoming.
Harvey R. Brown
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780199275830
- eISBN:
- 9780191603914
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199275831.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
This chapter begins with a brief discussion of Einstein's operationalism. It then discusses the clock hypothesis, the conventionality of distant simultaneity, David Malament's 1977 result, the ...
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This chapter begins with a brief discussion of Einstein's operationalism. It then discusses the clock hypothesis, the conventionality of distant simultaneity, David Malament's 1977 result, the Edwards-Winnie synchrony-general transformations, and the Ignatowski transformations.Less
This chapter begins with a brief discussion of Einstein's operationalism. It then discusses the clock hypothesis, the conventionality of distant simultaneity, David Malament's 1977 result, the Edwards-Winnie synchrony-general transformations, and the Ignatowski transformations.
Nikolas Gisborne
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199577798
- eISBN:
- 9780191722417
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577798.003.0006
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Semantics and Pragmatics, Syntax and Morphology
This chapter is concerned with the non‐finite complementation of hear‐class verbs in structures such as we saw her cross the road. These structures present a number of theoretical challenges which ...
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This chapter is concerned with the non‐finite complementation of hear‐class verbs in structures such as we saw her cross the road. These structures present a number of theoretical challenges which are addressed here in terms of the WG network. The differences between infinitival and participial non‐finite clauses, the interaction between the different senses of see and the infinitival clauses, and the ontological nature of the percept are all discussed; a solution to the ungrammaticality of *he was seen cross the road is also offered. There is also an account of the widely discussed properties of veridicality and exportability displayed by these structures.Less
This chapter is concerned with the non‐finite complementation of hear‐class verbs in structures such as we saw her cross the road. These structures present a number of theoretical challenges which are addressed here in terms of the WG network. The differences between infinitival and participial non‐finite clauses, the interaction between the different senses of see and the infinitival clauses, and the ontological nature of the percept are all discussed; a solution to the ungrammaticality of *he was seen cross the road is also offered. There is also an account of the widely discussed properties of veridicality and exportability displayed by these structures.
Jonathan Lipman (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781474402279
- eISBN:
- 9781474422468
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402279.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The eight essays in this volume, written by scholars from six countries, narrate the continuing translations and adaptations of Islam and Muslims within Chinese culture through the writings of ...
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The eight essays in this volume, written by scholars from six countries, narrate the continuing translations and adaptations of Islam and Muslims within Chinese culture through the writings of Sino-Muslim intellectuals. Progressing chronologically and interlocking thematically, they help the reader develop a coherent understanding of the intellectual issues at stake. How can people belong simultaneously to two cultures without alienating themselves from either? Muslims have lived in the Chinese culture area for over a millennium, and intellectuals among them have wrestled with this problem in print since the 17th century. The Chinese written language never adopted vocabulary from “Islamic languages” to enable precise understanding of Islam’s religious and philosophical foundations, so Islam had to be translated into Chinese, a language dominated by Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, which lacks words and arguments to justify monotheism. Even in the 21st century, culturally Chinese Muslims must still defend their devotion to a single God, avoidance of pork, regular worship at the mosque and other markers of their communities’ distinctiveness. These essays trace the intellectual evolution of Islam in Chinese, answering questions about the translation of exogenous traditions and opening new possibilities for comparison with other imported ideas, such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Marxism, and modernism. Sino-Muslim intellectuals thought about Islam in Chinese, so close readings of their writings provide direct evidence of the contradictions and triumphs of their cultural simultaneity.Less
The eight essays in this volume, written by scholars from six countries, narrate the continuing translations and adaptations of Islam and Muslims within Chinese culture through the writings of Sino-Muslim intellectuals. Progressing chronologically and interlocking thematically, they help the reader develop a coherent understanding of the intellectual issues at stake. How can people belong simultaneously to two cultures without alienating themselves from either? Muslims have lived in the Chinese culture area for over a millennium, and intellectuals among them have wrestled with this problem in print since the 17th century. The Chinese written language never adopted vocabulary from “Islamic languages” to enable precise understanding of Islam’s religious and philosophical foundations, so Islam had to be translated into Chinese, a language dominated by Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, which lacks words and arguments to justify monotheism. Even in the 21st century, culturally Chinese Muslims must still defend their devotion to a single God, avoidance of pork, regular worship at the mosque and other markers of their communities’ distinctiveness. These essays trace the intellectual evolution of Islam in Chinese, answering questions about the translation of exogenous traditions and opening new possibilities for comparison with other imported ideas, such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Marxism, and modernism. Sino-Muslim intellectuals thought about Islam in Chinese, so close readings of their writings provide direct evidence of the contradictions and triumphs of their cultural simultaneity.
Nick Huggett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379518
- eISBN:
- 9780199776559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379518.003.0014
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
These chapters explain Einstein's theory of relativity accurately but without mathematics, using a simple geometric operation: drawing the reflection of a line. This approach is accessible to readers ...
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These chapters explain Einstein's theory of relativity accurately but without mathematics, using a simple geometric operation: drawing the reflection of a line. This approach is accessible to readers with no prior background, and illuminates the conceptual foundations well. Chapter 14 first shows how Einstein used the extraordinary physical fact that light has the same speed relative to any standard of rest, to conclude that whether two things happen simultaneously is relative: there is no answer to the question whether they are separated in time or only space, they are just in ‘spacetime’. Relativity of simultaneity is represented geometrically, and it is simply shown that moving objects shrink and moving clocks slow down. Chapter 15 addresses the twins ‘paradox’, and the implications of relativity for time, especially whether it abolishes the ‘present’; Gödel's spacetime, in which there are paths leading back in time is explained.Less
These chapters explain Einstein's theory of relativity accurately but without mathematics, using a simple geometric operation: drawing the reflection of a line. This approach is accessible to readers with no prior background, and illuminates the conceptual foundations well. Chapter 14 first shows how Einstein used the extraordinary physical fact that light has the same speed relative to any standard of rest, to conclude that whether two things happen simultaneously is relative: there is no answer to the question whether they are separated in time or only space, they are just in ‘spacetime’. Relativity of simultaneity is represented geometrically, and it is simply shown that moving objects shrink and moving clocks slow down. Chapter 15 addresses the twins ‘paradox’, and the implications of relativity for time, especially whether it abolishes the ‘present’; Gödel's spacetime, in which there are paths leading back in time is explained.
Nick Huggett
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- May 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195379518
- eISBN:
- 9780199776559
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379518.003.0015
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Science
These chapters explain Einstein's theory of relativity accurately but without mathematics, using a simple geometric operation: drawing the reflection of a line. This approach is accessible to readers ...
More
These chapters explain Einstein's theory of relativity accurately but without mathematics, using a simple geometric operation: drawing the reflection of a line. This approach is accessible to readers with no prior background, and illuminates the conceptual foundations well. Chapter 14 first shows how Einstein used the extraordinary physical fact that light has the same speed relative to any standard of rest, to conclude that whether two things happen simultaneously is relative: there is no answer to the question whether they are separated in time or only space, they are just in ‘spacetime’. Relativity of simultaneity is represented geometrically, and it is simply shown that moving objects shrink and moving clocks slow down. Chapter 15 addresses the twins ‘paradox’, and the implications of relativity for time, especially whether it abolishes the ‘present’; Gödel's spacetime, in which there are paths leading back in time is explained.Less
These chapters explain Einstein's theory of relativity accurately but without mathematics, using a simple geometric operation: drawing the reflection of a line. This approach is accessible to readers with no prior background, and illuminates the conceptual foundations well. Chapter 14 first shows how Einstein used the extraordinary physical fact that light has the same speed relative to any standard of rest, to conclude that whether two things happen simultaneously is relative: there is no answer to the question whether they are separated in time or only space, they are just in ‘spacetime’. Relativity of simultaneity is represented geometrically, and it is simply shown that moving objects shrink and moving clocks slow down. Chapter 15 addresses the twins ‘paradox’, and the implications of relativity for time, especially whether it abolishes the ‘present’; Gödel's spacetime, in which there are paths leading back in time is explained.
David F. Hendry
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198293545
- eISBN:
- 9780191596391
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198293542.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Econometrics
Empirical modelling is analysed and illustrated for a small system of aggregate demand relationships in the UK, using estimators specifically developed to tackle the problems of autocorrelation and ...
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Empirical modelling is analysed and illustrated for a small system of aggregate demand relationships in the UK, using estimators specifically developed to tackle the problems of autocorrelation and simultaneity. The tests discriminate between cases where (vector) residual autocorrelation arose from autoregressive errors, or from mis‐specification of the dynamics of the observed data series. Tests also check if the dynamics of the pre‐specified model were adequate, but these should not be used constructively: that a null hypothesis is false does not imply that the postulated alternative must be true. Thus, generalizing initial simple models after test rejections does not provide a valid modelling strategy, partly because a later rejection invalidates all earlier inferences, and to correctly interpret any of the empirical evidence, one must account for all results. The final estimates seek to do that for a range of earlier specifications.Less
Empirical modelling is analysed and illustrated for a small system of aggregate demand relationships in the UK, using estimators specifically developed to tackle the problems of autocorrelation and simultaneity. The tests discriminate between cases where (vector) residual autocorrelation arose from autoregressive errors, or from mis‐specification of the dynamics of the observed data series. Tests also check if the dynamics of the pre‐specified model were adequate, but these should not be used constructively: that a null hypothesis is false does not imply that the postulated alternative must be true. Thus, generalizing initial simple models after test rejections does not provide a valid modelling strategy, partly because a later rejection invalidates all earlier inferences, and to correctly interpret any of the empirical evidence, one must account for all results. The final estimates seek to do that for a range of earlier specifications.
Paul Helm
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199590391
- eISBN:
- 9780191595516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590391.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The coherence of the idea of divine timeless eternity is discussed. God may understand temporal indexicals without himself being in time. It is a mistake to think that God's timelessly eternal ...
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The coherence of the idea of divine timeless eternity is discussed. God may understand temporal indexicals without himself being in time. It is a mistake to think that God's timelessly eternal knowledge that A is later than B means that, because A and B are both timelessly known by God, then A is in fact simultaneous with B. Stump and Kretzmann's proposal regarding their idea of ET-simultaneity is rejected as being entirely ad hoc and without any independent merit. The use of expressions such as ‘foreknowledge’ as applied to God are inevitable given the soeaker's position in time. God has relations with his creatures, but he does not have temporal relations.Less
The coherence of the idea of divine timeless eternity is discussed. God may understand temporal indexicals without himself being in time. It is a mistake to think that God's timelessly eternal knowledge that A is later than B means that, because A and B are both timelessly known by God, then A is in fact simultaneous with B. Stump and Kretzmann's proposal regarding their idea of ET-simultaneity is rejected as being entirely ad hoc and without any independent merit. The use of expressions such as ‘foreknowledge’ as applied to God are inevitable given the soeaker's position in time. God has relations with his creatures, but he does not have temporal relations.
Roberto Torretti
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263464
- eISBN:
- 9780191734748
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263464.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, General
This chapter devotes equal attention to special relativity and general relativity. It first describes the history of the analysis of distant simultaneity, up to and including Einstein's procedure in ...
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This chapter devotes equal attention to special relativity and general relativity. It first describes the history of the analysis of distant simultaneity, up to and including Einstein's procedure in his revolutionary 1905 paper which introduced special relativity. In particular, the discussion relates Einstein's procedure to the ensuing philosophical debate about whether distant simultaneity is a matter of convention. As to general relativity, the discussion gives a brief sketch of Einstein's path towards his discovery of general relativity. Thereafter, it focuses on the topological structure of time or, more precisely, of timelike lines (worldlines) in spacetime. It discusses the closed timelike lines first found in an exact solution of general relativity by Godel; and the open timelike geodesics that get arbitrarily close to the initial singularity (Big Bang) in a Friedmann solution.Less
This chapter devotes equal attention to special relativity and general relativity. It first describes the history of the analysis of distant simultaneity, up to and including Einstein's procedure in his revolutionary 1905 paper which introduced special relativity. In particular, the discussion relates Einstein's procedure to the ensuing philosophical debate about whether distant simultaneity is a matter of convention. As to general relativity, the discussion gives a brief sketch of Einstein's path towards his discovery of general relativity. Thereafter, it focuses on the topological structure of time or, more precisely, of timelike lines (worldlines) in spacetime. It discusses the closed timelike lines first found in an exact solution of general relativity by Godel; and the open timelike geodesics that get arbitrarily close to the initial singularity (Big Bang) in a Friedmann solution.
Bede Rundle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199575114
- eISBN:
- 9780191722349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575114.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter expounds and clarifies the absolute and relational theories of time and space, and indicates the difficulties which each has to face. A further division, also to prove important, is that ...
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This chapter expounds and clarifies the absolute and relational theories of time and space, and indicates the difficulties which each has to face. A further division, also to prove important, is that between concepts whose use presumes the existence of a time-keeper, and those which do not. It is shown that questions concerning simultaneity and temporal ordering may take on a different character depending on which concepts are involved, and it is argued that the non-metrical concepts are the more fundamental.Less
This chapter expounds and clarifies the absolute and relational theories of time and space, and indicates the difficulties which each has to face. A further division, also to prove important, is that between concepts whose use presumes the existence of a time-keeper, and those which do not. It is shown that questions concerning simultaneity and temporal ordering may take on a different character depending on which concepts are involved, and it is argued that the non-metrical concepts are the more fundamental.
Bede Rundle
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199575114
- eISBN:
- 9780191722349
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199575114.003.0008
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
The absolutist claims that our preparedness to speak of one clock as a more accurate time-keeper than another commits us to the ideal of an absolute time against which our clocks are to be judged. ...
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The absolutist claims that our preparedness to speak of one clock as a more accurate time-keeper than another commits us to the ideal of an absolute time against which our clocks are to be judged. Similarly, it is held that rotation and expansion can be understood in terms of a relation to the fixed points of absolute space. A common opposing view would have it that these claims are to be rejected because of their unverifiability, but against this it may be held that motion in its various forms is simply not defined in the circumstances envisaged. Equality of time intervals may also be thought not to be empirically decidable, but to require the adoption of a convention. However, it is argued that such equality can be established empirically, and without having recourse to absolute time. Simultaneity and the rate at which time passes are also discussed.Less
The absolutist claims that our preparedness to speak of one clock as a more accurate time-keeper than another commits us to the ideal of an absolute time against which our clocks are to be judged. Similarly, it is held that rotation and expansion can be understood in terms of a relation to the fixed points of absolute space. A common opposing view would have it that these claims are to be rejected because of their unverifiability, but against this it may be held that motion in its various forms is simply not defined in the circumstances envisaged. Equality of time intervals may also be thought not to be empirically decidable, but to require the adoption of a convention. However, it is argued that such equality can be established empirically, and without having recourse to absolute time. Simultaneity and the rate at which time passes are also discussed.
Yuri Balashov
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199579921
- eISBN:
- 9780191722899
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579921.003.0003
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology, Philosophy of Science
A simplified overview of the geometrical structure of Newtonian, neo‐Newtonian (Galilean), and special relativistic (Minkowski) spacetime, intended for the non‐specialist. The notions of reference ...
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A simplified overview of the geometrical structure of Newtonian, neo‐Newtonian (Galilean), and special relativistic (Minkowski) spacetime, intended for the non‐specialist. The notions of reference frame, coordinate system and coordinate transformation are briefly introduced, followed by a more extended discussion of kinematic relativistic phenomena, such as relativity of simultaneity, length contraction and time dilation, which are important for the arguments of later chapters. The interplay of important ideas of invariance, perspectivalism and objectivity is of special note.Less
A simplified overview of the geometrical structure of Newtonian, neo‐Newtonian (Galilean), and special relativistic (Minkowski) spacetime, intended for the non‐specialist. The notions of reference frame, coordinate system and coordinate transformation are briefly introduced, followed by a more extended discussion of kinematic relativistic phenomena, such as relativity of simultaneity, length contraction and time dilation, which are important for the arguments of later chapters. The interplay of important ideas of invariance, perspectivalism and objectivity is of special note.
Peter Svedberg
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198292685
- eISBN:
- 9780191596957
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198292686.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Relationships similar to the ones contained in the model developed in Ch. 3 have been examined empirically in several previous studies. In this chapter, it is argued that causality has been ...
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Relationships similar to the ones contained in the model developed in Ch. 3 have been examined empirically in several previous studies. In this chapter, it is argued that causality has been misinterpreted in some of these earlier works. Moreover, some previous empirical results seem implausible in the light of the theory and model presented in Ch. 3. It is further argued that some of the studies suffer from omitted variable bias and that simultaneity has not been properly controlled. Suggestions for improvements in empirical testing are offered.Less
Relationships similar to the ones contained in the model developed in Ch. 3 have been examined empirically in several previous studies. In this chapter, it is argued that causality has been misinterpreted in some of these earlier works. Moreover, some previous empirical results seem implausible in the light of the theory and model presented in Ch. 3. It is further argued that some of the studies suffer from omitted variable bias and that simultaneity has not been properly controlled. Suggestions for improvements in empirical testing are offered.
Rebecca Sanchez
- Published in print:
- 1979
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781479828869
- eISBN:
- 9781479810628
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- NYU Press
- DOI:
- 10.18574/nyu/9781479828869.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter tackles the issue of modernist difficulty from the perspective of ASL linguistics and linguistic rights. Focusing on juxtaposition (as demonstrated in collage poetics) and simultaneity ...
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This chapter tackles the issue of modernist difficulty from the perspective of ASL linguistics and linguistic rights. Focusing on juxtaposition (as demonstrated in collage poetics) and simultaneity (as seen in literary cubism), two of the most prominent ways in which modernist difficulty has been explained, it demonstrates how these dynamics emerge from manual languages as a result of their inherently visual and physical nature. Building off of analysis of ASL, it demonstrates the insights that linguistics of manual languages bring to conversations about notoriously difficult work by Hart Crane, Gertrude Stein, William Carlos Williams, and the Precisionist painter Charles Demuth, specifically the discovery of the centrality of bodies in works in which they appear to be absent.Less
This chapter tackles the issue of modernist difficulty from the perspective of ASL linguistics and linguistic rights. Focusing on juxtaposition (as demonstrated in collage poetics) and simultaneity (as seen in literary cubism), two of the most prominent ways in which modernist difficulty has been explained, it demonstrates how these dynamics emerge from manual languages as a result of their inherently visual and physical nature. Building off of analysis of ASL, it demonstrates the insights that linguistics of manual languages bring to conversations about notoriously difficult work by Hart Crane, Gertrude Stein, William Carlos Williams, and the Precisionist painter Charles Demuth, specifically the discovery of the centrality of bodies in works in which they appear to be absent.
William Lane Craig
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195129656
- eISBN:
- 9780199849130
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195129656.003.0007
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Most physicists and philosophers of science would probably agree with Wolfgang Rindler that with the development of relativity theory Einstein took the step “that would completely destroy the ...
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Most physicists and philosophers of science would probably agree with Wolfgang Rindler that with the development of relativity theory Einstein took the step “that would completely destroy the classical concept of time.” Many would contend that along with a privileged universal time and absolute simultaneity, temporal becoming and an objective “now” must also go by the board. This chapter argues that such judgments are mistaken and are predicated upon a deficient understanding of the metaphysical, and particularly theistic, foundations of the classical concept of time, as well as upon a defective epistemological approach to these problems. In order to rediscover those foundations, we must recur to the fountainhead of the classical concept of time: Isaac Newton's great Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica.Less
Most physicists and philosophers of science would probably agree with Wolfgang Rindler that with the development of relativity theory Einstein took the step “that would completely destroy the classical concept of time.” Many would contend that along with a privileged universal time and absolute simultaneity, temporal becoming and an objective “now” must also go by the board. This chapter argues that such judgments are mistaken and are predicated upon a deficient understanding of the metaphysical, and particularly theistic, foundations of the classical concept of time, as well as upon a defective epistemological approach to these problems. In order to rediscover those foundations, we must recur to the fountainhead of the classical concept of time: Isaac Newton's great Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica.
Luke Gibbons
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780226236179
- eISBN:
- 9780226236209
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226236209.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
The importance of simultaneity in literary modernism is often taken to represent the triumph of space over time, but in the “Wandering Rocks” chapter of Ulysses, Joyce subjects synchronicity itself ...
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The importance of simultaneity in literary modernism is often taken to represent the triumph of space over time, but in the “Wandering Rocks” chapter of Ulysses, Joyce subjects synchronicity itself to raids from uneven temporalities. Standard Time was introduced to facilitate global communications, transport, and trade under modernity, but in colonial Ireland, Greenwich Mean Time was a contested zone. This lent itself to montage effects closer to the palimpsest than to the transverse time of the present. The past constantly intrudes on the present in a manner that makes it unclear whether these are flashbacks or spectral irruptions of the past into the present. Though the flashback is pre-eminently a modernist device, its introduction in cinema and fiction coincided with its emergence as a defining attribute of trauma and shell-shock in the aftermath of World War I. Space and time are themselves out of joint due to the violent upheavals of modernity in early-twentieth-century Ireland.Less
The importance of simultaneity in literary modernism is often taken to represent the triumph of space over time, but in the “Wandering Rocks” chapter of Ulysses, Joyce subjects synchronicity itself to raids from uneven temporalities. Standard Time was introduced to facilitate global communications, transport, and trade under modernity, but in colonial Ireland, Greenwich Mean Time was a contested zone. This lent itself to montage effects closer to the palimpsest than to the transverse time of the present. The past constantly intrudes on the present in a manner that makes it unclear whether these are flashbacks or spectral irruptions of the past into the present. Though the flashback is pre-eminently a modernist device, its introduction in cinema and fiction coincided with its emergence as a defining attribute of trauma and shell-shock in the aftermath of World War I. Space and time are themselves out of joint due to the violent upheavals of modernity in early-twentieth-century Ireland.
