Tim Winter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226658216
- eISBN:
- 9780226658490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226658490.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
The chapter presents a biography of the Silk Road concept. Starting with the discoveries made in Central Asia in the late nineteenth century, it traces the development of the Silk Road idea through ...
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The chapter presents a biography of the Silk Road concept. Starting with the discoveries made in Central Asia in the late nineteenth century, it traces the development of the Silk Road idea through the twentieth century in relation to the politics of nation building, empires, international conflicts, and shifting East West relations. The Silk Road is thus presented as an emergent geocultural imaginary, one that has been imbued with particular values and ideals in different parts of the world. This biographical approach offers a more critical reading of what is at stake in the “revival” of the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century.Less
The chapter presents a biography of the Silk Road concept. Starting with the discoveries made in Central Asia in the late nineteenth century, it traces the development of the Silk Road idea through the twentieth century in relation to the politics of nation building, empires, international conflicts, and shifting East West relations. The Silk Road is thus presented as an emergent geocultural imaginary, one that has been imbued with particular values and ideals in different parts of the world. This biographical approach offers a more critical reading of what is at stake in the “revival” of the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century.
Tim Winter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226658216
- eISBN:
- 9780226658490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226658490.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Belt and Road has emerged as one of the most significant geo-strategic initiatives of the 21st century. The opening chapter introduces its various elements and how the consequences of BRI are being ...
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Belt and Road has emerged as one of the most significant geo-strategic initiatives of the 21st century. The opening chapter introduces its various elements and how the consequences of BRI are being interpreted across multiple sectors. The analytical framework of heritage diplomacy is introduced for examining the appropriation of the Silk Roads as a regional history for trade and diplomatic purposes.Less
Belt and Road has emerged as one of the most significant geo-strategic initiatives of the 21st century. The opening chapter introduces its various elements and how the consequences of BRI are being interpreted across multiple sectors. The analytical framework of heritage diplomacy is introduced for examining the appropriation of the Silk Roads as a regional history for trade and diplomatic purposes.
Tim Winter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226658216
- eISBN:
- 9780226658490
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226658490.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Here the analysis steps back to consider how a renewed interest in the Silk Roads raises important questions about world history and the identities of nations and cities. It is argued that Belt and ...
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Here the analysis steps back to consider how a renewed interest in the Silk Roads raises important questions about world history and the identities of nations and cities. It is argued that Belt and Road represents an elastic and expansive international political economy that shines a light on previously ignored histories. Recent research on Central Asia and the Indian Ocean reveals the importance of these regions to our understanding of world history. Potential exists for new stories to be told through academia, museums, and historical sites, and through the media. The chapter also reflects on how forms of scholarly knowledge that feed into public discourses on Silk Road history are being rearranged and reassembled in an era of Belt and Road.Less
Here the analysis steps back to consider how a renewed interest in the Silk Roads raises important questions about world history and the identities of nations and cities. It is argued that Belt and Road represents an elastic and expansive international political economy that shines a light on previously ignored histories. Recent research on Central Asia and the Indian Ocean reveals the importance of these regions to our understanding of world history. Potential exists for new stories to be told through academia, museums, and historical sites, and through the media. The chapter also reflects on how forms of scholarly knowledge that feed into public discourses on Silk Road history are being rearranged and reassembled in an era of Belt and Road.
Jianjun Mei
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780197263037
- eISBN:
- 9780191734007
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197263037.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This lecture discusses some preliminary observations on the early cultural relationship between China and Central Asia in the light of the most recent archaeological discoveries from Northwest China. ...
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This lecture discusses some preliminary observations on the early cultural relationship between China and Central Asia in the light of the most recent archaeological discoveries from Northwest China. It considers three main issues: the role of outside influences in the beginnings and early development of bronze metallurgy in China, the shift to the ‘Steppe Road’, and the two-way traffic of cultural influence along the prehistoric ‘Silk Road’. The lecture also tries to show that early cultural interaction between China and Central Asia was the crucial drive for the growth of civilisations in both regions.Less
This lecture discusses some preliminary observations on the early cultural relationship between China and Central Asia in the light of the most recent archaeological discoveries from Northwest China. It considers three main issues: the role of outside influences in the beginnings and early development of bronze metallurgy in China, the shift to the ‘Steppe Road’, and the two-way traffic of cultural influence along the prehistoric ‘Silk Road’. The lecture also tries to show that early cultural interaction between China and Central Asia was the crucial drive for the growth of civilisations in both regions.
David F. Graf
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- December 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780198790662
- eISBN:
- 9780191833175
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0015
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, European History: BCE to 500CE
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the archaeological and written evidence for the so-called Silk Roads and the development of trade along them between the second century BC and the ...
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This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the archaeological and written evidence for the so-called Silk Roads and the development of trade along them between the second century BC and the end of the Han dynasty in the early second century AD. The Silk Road trade at the Chinese end originated epiphenomenally on the practice of state tribute and diplomatic embassies, as tribute in kind and diplomatic gifts were resold by their enterprising recipients. As trade developed along the routes westwards and gained its own momentum, its value was harnessed by the state in the form of heavy customs dues. Rather than a coordinated route utilized by merchants travelling the length of the terrain between China and Rome, the picture emerging is that of segmented trade involving various merchants.Less
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the archaeological and written evidence for the so-called Silk Roads and the development of trade along them between the second century BC and the end of the Han dynasty in the early second century AD. The Silk Road trade at the Chinese end originated epiphenomenally on the practice of state tribute and diplomatic embassies, as tribute in kind and diplomatic gifts were resold by their enterprising recipients. As trade developed along the routes westwards and gained its own momentum, its value was harnessed by the state in the form of heavy customs dues. Rather than a coordinated route utilized by merchants travelling the length of the terrain between China and Rome, the picture emerging is that of segmented trade involving various merchants.
William Honeychurch
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824839789
- eISBN:
- 9780824869526
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824839789.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
Nomadic peoples of the Inner Asian steppe have long been credited with playing a role in facilitating exchange along the famous Silk Roads reaching across Eurasia. However, since the historical ...
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Nomadic peoples of the Inner Asian steppe have long been credited with playing a role in facilitating exchange along the famous Silk Roads reaching across Eurasia. However, since the historical record of the Silk Roads was written almost exclusively within sedentary, urban societies, the organizational role of nomadic groups and polities is often obscure. This is particularly true during the earliest period of Silk Road exchange contemporary with the Han Dynasty of China and the Xiongnu state of Mongolia. In this chapter, I explore historical and archaeological evidence for Xiongnu state interaction with Central Asia and with China and critique the long standing assumption that eastern steppe nomads were peripheral to or predatory upon exchange between East and West. I suggest that nascent Silk Road activities may have been a critical part of the political economy of the Xiongnu state and examine the possibility of nomads as early architects of Eurasian trade.Less
Nomadic peoples of the Inner Asian steppe have long been credited with playing a role in facilitating exchange along the famous Silk Roads reaching across Eurasia. However, since the historical record of the Silk Roads was written almost exclusively within sedentary, urban societies, the organizational role of nomadic groups and polities is often obscure. This is particularly true during the earliest period of Silk Road exchange contemporary with the Han Dynasty of China and the Xiongnu state of Mongolia. In this chapter, I explore historical and archaeological evidence for Xiongnu state interaction with Central Asia and with China and critique the long standing assumption that eastern steppe nomads were peripheral to or predatory upon exchange between East and West. I suggest that nascent Silk Road activities may have been a critical part of the political economy of the Xiongnu state and examine the possibility of nomads as early architects of Eurasian trade.
Tim Winter
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780226658216
- eISBN:
- 9780226658490
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226658490.001.0001
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
China’s Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect continents and integrate Eurasia via a multitude of collaborations spanning trade and infrastructure, culture and finance. Launched in 2013, it ...
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China’s Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect continents and integrate Eurasia via a multitude of collaborations spanning trade and infrastructure, culture and finance. Launched in 2013, it incorporates more than sixty countries and two-thirds of the world’s population. But what does it mean to revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century? Built around the concept of heritage diplomacy, Geocultural Power explores this question, arguing that through the Silk Roads China is reviving a theater of geopolitics and great power accumulation, and the idea of a harmonious Asia that prospers from international trade and cross-cultural dialogue. Until now Belt and Road has been discussed as a geopolitical and geoeconomic project. This book introduces geocultural power to the analysis of international affairs. Through the Silk Roads of the twenty-first century China becomes the new author of Eurasian history, and the architect of the bridge between East and West. Belt and Road bundles geopolitical ambition and infrastructure with a carefully curated shared heritage to produce a grand narrative of transcontinental connectivity: past, present and future. Geocultural Power: China’s Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century makes a major contribution to our understanding of the uses of history and culture, and offers a unique reading of an initiative that will influence world affairs for years to come. It will be of interest to those working in world and regional history, international relations and diplomacy studies, heritage and museum studies, globalization, archaeology and Asian studies more broadly.Less
China’s Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect continents and integrate Eurasia via a multitude of collaborations spanning trade and infrastructure, culture and finance. Launched in 2013, it incorporates more than sixty countries and two-thirds of the world’s population. But what does it mean to revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century? Built around the concept of heritage diplomacy, Geocultural Power explores this question, arguing that through the Silk Roads China is reviving a theater of geopolitics and great power accumulation, and the idea of a harmonious Asia that prospers from international trade and cross-cultural dialogue. Until now Belt and Road has been discussed as a geopolitical and geoeconomic project. This book introduces geocultural power to the analysis of international affairs. Through the Silk Roads of the twenty-first century China becomes the new author of Eurasian history, and the architect of the bridge between East and West. Belt and Road bundles geopolitical ambition and infrastructure with a carefully curated shared heritage to produce a grand narrative of transcontinental connectivity: past, present and future. Geocultural Power: China’s Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century makes a major contribution to our understanding of the uses of history and culture, and offers a unique reading of an initiative that will influence world affairs for years to come. It will be of interest to those working in world and regional history, international relations and diplomacy studies, heritage and museum studies, globalization, archaeology and Asian studies more broadly.
Reinhard Strohm
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266564
- eISBN:
- 9780191889394
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266564.003.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The introduction first explains the relationship of the book to the discourse of the ‘Silk Road’, the western half of which is discussed here. It is differently related to Europe than the eastern ...
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The introduction first explains the relationship of the book to the discourse of the ‘Silk Road’, the western half of which is discussed here. It is differently related to Europe than the eastern one. The ‘music road’ metaphor emphasizes the historical and geographical flux of cultures across this region, justifying the keywords of diversity and yet, coherence in musical developments. The topics covered in the book are then gathered under three cultural paradigms: mobility, transmission in time, East–West imagination. The last-named is proposed as a more sensitive term for attitudes formerly subsumed under ‘orientalism’. An extended survey of the topic of all individual chapters reveals many different forms of transfers, connections, bridges and also disruptions in the musics of this special world region.Less
The introduction first explains the relationship of the book to the discourse of the ‘Silk Road’, the western half of which is discussed here. It is differently related to Europe than the eastern one. The ‘music road’ metaphor emphasizes the historical and geographical flux of cultures across this region, justifying the keywords of diversity and yet, coherence in musical developments. The topics covered in the book are then gathered under three cultural paradigms: mobility, transmission in time, East–West imagination. The last-named is proposed as a more sensitive term for attitudes formerly subsumed under ‘orientalism’. An extended survey of the topic of all individual chapters reveals many different forms of transfers, connections, bridges and also disruptions in the musics of this special world region.
Reinhard Strohm (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780197266564
- eISBN:
- 9780191889394
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197266564.001.0001
- Subject:
- Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music
The book, derived from the Balzan musicology project ‘Towards a global history of music’, describes cultural traditions and communication patterns of music, dance and theatre in the world region ...
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The book, derived from the Balzan musicology project ‘Towards a global history of music’, describes cultural traditions and communication patterns of music, dance and theatre in the world region between India and the Mediterranean in the last 2000 years. The new metaphor of the ‘Music Road’—the western half of the ‘Silk Road’—refers to the travels of musical songs, instruments and ideas across both space and time. The book has an introduction and 16 chapters, each by a different author. Highlighted are the following cultural traditions: ancient Gandhāra (first centuries ce); traditions of the Alexander legend; the musical philosophy and practice of Muslim societies; colonial India and the West; Greek music and nationalism (19th–20th centuries); travelling music-theatre companies in the Eastern Mediterranean; the ‘Gypsy rhapsody’ in European art music. The keynote chapter by Martin Stokes reviews the work of Villoteau and Lachmann, advocating a fusion of historical thought and ethnomusicology. The book offers case studies not only on music per se, but also on fine art, dance, musical theatre, on the theology, philosophy, historiography and literature of music, and on East–West relations in the musical practice of colonial and modern times. It is argued in the introduction and implied elsewhere that the musical culture of this world region, and its interactions with the West, have always been on the move, that its diversities and disruptions are counterbalanced by numerous internal and external linkages, and that the reifying term of ‘orientalism’ might be replaced by ‘the East–West imagination’.Less
The book, derived from the Balzan musicology project ‘Towards a global history of music’, describes cultural traditions and communication patterns of music, dance and theatre in the world region between India and the Mediterranean in the last 2000 years. The new metaphor of the ‘Music Road’—the western half of the ‘Silk Road’—refers to the travels of musical songs, instruments and ideas across both space and time. The book has an introduction and 16 chapters, each by a different author. Highlighted are the following cultural traditions: ancient Gandhāra (first centuries ce); traditions of the Alexander legend; the musical philosophy and practice of Muslim societies; colonial India and the West; Greek music and nationalism (19th–20th centuries); travelling music-theatre companies in the Eastern Mediterranean; the ‘Gypsy rhapsody’ in European art music. The keynote chapter by Martin Stokes reviews the work of Villoteau and Lachmann, advocating a fusion of historical thought and ethnomusicology. The book offers case studies not only on music per se, but also on fine art, dance, musical theatre, on the theology, philosophy, historiography and literature of music, and on East–West relations in the musical practice of colonial and modern times. It is argued in the introduction and implied elsewhere that the musical culture of this world region, and its interactions with the West, have always been on the move, that its diversities and disruptions are counterbalanced by numerous internal and external linkages, and that the reifying term of ‘orientalism’ might be replaced by ‘the East–West imagination’.
Jonathan Karam Skaff
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199734139
- eISBN:
- 9780199950195
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199734139.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, World History: BCE to 500CE, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
This book challenges readers to reconsider China’s relations with the rest of Eurasia. Investigating interstate competition and cooperation between the successive Sui and Tang dynasties and Turkic ...
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This book challenges readers to reconsider China’s relations with the rest of Eurasia. Investigating interstate competition and cooperation between the successive Sui and Tang dynasties and Turkic states of Mongolia from 580 to 800, this book upends the notion that inhabitants of China and Mongolia were irreconcilably different and hostile to each other. Rulers on both sides deployed strikingly similar diplomacy, warfare, ideologies of rulership, and patrimonial political networking to seek hegemony over each other and the peoples living in the pastoral borderlands between them. The book particularly disputes the supposed uniqueness of imperial China’s tributary diplomacy by demonstrating that similar customary norms of interstate relations existed in a wide sphere in Eurasia as far west as Byzantium, India, and Iran. These previously unrecognized cultural connections, therefore, were arguably as much the work of Turko-Mongol pastoral nomads traversing the Eurasian steppe as the more commonly recognized Silk Road monks and merchants.Less
This book challenges readers to reconsider China’s relations with the rest of Eurasia. Investigating interstate competition and cooperation between the successive Sui and Tang dynasties and Turkic states of Mongolia from 580 to 800, this book upends the notion that inhabitants of China and Mongolia were irreconcilably different and hostile to each other. Rulers on both sides deployed strikingly similar diplomacy, warfare, ideologies of rulership, and patrimonial political networking to seek hegemony over each other and the peoples living in the pastoral borderlands between them. The book particularly disputes the supposed uniqueness of imperial China’s tributary diplomacy by demonstrating that similar customary norms of interstate relations existed in a wide sphere in Eurasia as far west as Byzantium, India, and Iran. These previously unrecognized cultural connections, therefore, were arguably as much the work of Turko-Mongol pastoral nomads traversing the Eurasian steppe as the more commonly recognized Silk Road monks and merchants.
Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780748696925
- eISBN:
- 9781474408608
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696925.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Literature
This Chapter discusses the impact of Sa’di’s travels in shaping his cosmopolitan and inclusive perspective. It moves on the significance of Persian poetry as line of cultural communication among the ...
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This Chapter discusses the impact of Sa’di’s travels in shaping his cosmopolitan and inclusive perspective. It moves on the significance of Persian poetry as line of cultural communication among the Persian speakers across the globe. Persian poets and travel, as well as Sa’di’s own travel are among the other topics in the chapter.Less
This Chapter discusses the impact of Sa’di’s travels in shaping his cosmopolitan and inclusive perspective. It moves on the significance of Persian poetry as line of cultural communication among the Persian speakers across the globe. Persian poets and travel, as well as Sa’di’s own travel are among the other topics in the chapter.
Marijk van der Wende, William C. Kirby, Nian Cai Liu, and Simon Marginson (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198853022
- eISBN:
- 9780191887420
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198853022.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management, Political Economy
This book presents the outcomes of the research project on “The New Silk Road: Implications for higher education and research cooperation between China and Europe.” It addresses questions regarding ...
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This book presents the outcomes of the research project on “The New Silk Road: Implications for higher education and research cooperation between China and Europe.” It addresses questions regarding how academic mobility and cooperation is taking shape along the New Silk Road and what difference it will make in the global higher education landscape. It presents a rich collection of contributions by scholars from Europe, China, the USA, Russia, and Australia, combining perspectives from anthropology, computer sciences, economics, education, history, law, political science, philosophy, science and technology studies, sinology, and sociology. Introductory chapters present the global context for the NSR, the development of Chinese universities along international models, and the history and outcomes of EU–China cooperation. The flows and patterns in academic cooperation along the New Silk Road as they shape and have been shaped by China’s universities are explored in more detail in the following chapters. The conditions for Sino-foreign cooperation are discussed next, with an analysis of regulatory frameworks for cooperation, recognition, data, and privacy. Comparative work follows on the cultural traditions and academic values, similarities and differences between Sinic and Anglo-American political and educational cultures, and their implications for the governance and mission of higher education, the role of critical scholarship, and the state and standing of the humanities in China. The book concludes with contributions focusing on the “Idea of a University”; the values underpinning its mission, shape, and purpose, reflecting on the implications of China’s rapid higher education development for the geo-politics of higher education itself.Less
This book presents the outcomes of the research project on “The New Silk Road: Implications for higher education and research cooperation between China and Europe.” It addresses questions regarding how academic mobility and cooperation is taking shape along the New Silk Road and what difference it will make in the global higher education landscape. It presents a rich collection of contributions by scholars from Europe, China, the USA, Russia, and Australia, combining perspectives from anthropology, computer sciences, economics, education, history, law, political science, philosophy, science and technology studies, sinology, and sociology. Introductory chapters present the global context for the NSR, the development of Chinese universities along international models, and the history and outcomes of EU–China cooperation. The flows and patterns in academic cooperation along the New Silk Road as they shape and have been shaped by China’s universities are explored in more detail in the following chapters. The conditions for Sino-foreign cooperation are discussed next, with an analysis of regulatory frameworks for cooperation, recognition, data, and privacy. Comparative work follows on the cultural traditions and academic values, similarities and differences between Sinic and Anglo-American political and educational cultures, and their implications for the governance and mission of higher education, the role of critical scholarship, and the state and standing of the humanities in China. The book concludes with contributions focusing on the “Idea of a University”; the values underpinning its mission, shape, and purpose, reflecting on the implications of China’s rapid higher education development for the geo-politics of higher education itself.
Gunnel Cederlöf
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780198090571
- eISBN:
- 9780199082797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198090571.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter researches the commercial routes in the South-West Silk Road between Bengal and Yunnan via Burma, as these were explored by the officers in the Survey of India in the 1830s. It also ...
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This chapter researches the commercial routes in the South-West Silk Road between Bengal and Yunnan via Burma, as these were explored by the officers in the Survey of India in the 1830s. It also studies the conflicts deriving from the East India Company’s (EIC) attempts at establishing roads across Khasi hills and Cachar. The control of these roads was important as they contributed both towards the EIC expanding its web of trade and facilitated the movement of troops. Even more crucial for the EIC – the expansion across land towards China took place at the time when they lost their monopolies in trade as the Charter Acts were revised by the British Crown and Parliament.Less
This chapter researches the commercial routes in the South-West Silk Road between Bengal and Yunnan via Burma, as these were explored by the officers in the Survey of India in the 1830s. It also studies the conflicts deriving from the East India Company’s (EIC) attempts at establishing roads across Khasi hills and Cachar. The control of these roads was important as they contributed both towards the EIC expanding its web of trade and facilitated the movement of troops. Even more crucial for the EIC – the expansion across land towards China took place at the time when they lost their monopolies in trade as the Charter Acts were revised by the British Crown and Parliament.
Robert N. Wiedenmann and J. Ray Fisher
- Published in print:
- 2021
- Published Online:
- September 2021
- ISBN:
- 9780197555583
- eISBN:
- 9780197555613
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780197555583.003.0002
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Biology
This chapter shows how in early antiquity the universal appeal of silk spread across Eurasia through a trade network known as the Silk Roads. Silk inspired the economic exchange of trading goods, ...
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This chapter shows how in early antiquity the universal appeal of silk spread across Eurasia through a trade network known as the Silk Roads. Silk inspired the economic exchange of trading goods, which produced a network of trade centers and cities. The value of silk was so great that traders endured harsh conditions as they passed through the great mountain ranges of the Tien Shan, Karakorams, and Hindu Kush and skirted inhospitable deserts, such as the Taklamakan and Gobi. Caravanserais, rest stops along the Silk Roads, allowed travelers to exchange ideas and innovations and created awareness of different cultures and religions. The product of the domestic silkworm figured prominently in the development of dominant Central and Western Asian empires and Chinese dynasties and produced significant historical figures, such as Timur and Mongol leader, Genghis Khan. As this chapter shows, that rich, arcane history developed because of the domestic silkworm.Less
This chapter shows how in early antiquity the universal appeal of silk spread across Eurasia through a trade network known as the Silk Roads. Silk inspired the economic exchange of trading goods, which produced a network of trade centers and cities. The value of silk was so great that traders endured harsh conditions as they passed through the great mountain ranges of the Tien Shan, Karakorams, and Hindu Kush and skirted inhospitable deserts, such as the Taklamakan and Gobi. Caravanserais, rest stops along the Silk Roads, allowed travelers to exchange ideas and innovations and created awareness of different cultures and religions. The product of the domestic silkworm figured prominently in the development of dominant Central and Western Asian empires and Chinese dynasties and produced significant historical figures, such as Timur and Mongol leader, Genghis Khan. As this chapter shows, that rich, arcane history developed because of the domestic silkworm.
Richard Kennedy
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9781496805980
- eISBN:
- 9781496806024
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Mississippi
- DOI:
- 10.14325/mississippi/9781496805980.003.0007
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
The author describes the curator’s role in developing and navigating relationships and representation with nation/state partners in the context of serious political differences and violent histories ...
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The author describes the curator’s role in developing and navigating relationships and representation with nation/state partners in the context of serious political differences and violent histories which include the legacy of U.S. engagements with Asian countries. Ranging across the experience of collaborative research and curation of ten international programs at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival—chiefly involving Asian countries, including the Silk Road Festival and the Mekong River Festival Program, over a twenty year period (1988 – 2008)—the chapter chronicles the changing attitudes of both organizers and audiences and traces changing attitudes to ideas about the nature of “tradition” over these decades.Less
The author describes the curator’s role in developing and navigating relationships and representation with nation/state partners in the context of serious political differences and violent histories which include the legacy of U.S. engagements with Asian countries. Ranging across the experience of collaborative research and curation of ten international programs at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival—chiefly involving Asian countries, including the Silk Road Festival and the Mekong River Festival Program, over a twenty year period (1988 – 2008)—the chapter chronicles the changing attitudes of both organizers and audiences and traces changing attitudes to ideas about the nature of “tradition” over these decades.
Pradumna B. Rana and Wai-Mun Chia
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- June 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780199479283
- eISBN:
- 9780199091010
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780199479283.003.0006
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, South and East Asia
This chapter focuses on infrastructure connectivity issues that are required for providing efficient service links between production blocs. It argues that after enjoying a rich history of about ...
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This chapter focuses on infrastructure connectivity issues that are required for providing efficient service links between production blocs. It argues that after enjoying a rich history of about 1,600 years, the Silk Roads (land connectivity) went into disrepair. Now, for various reasons, land connectivity is once again making a comeback in Asia. First, is the growing importance of supply chain trade or parts and component trade which require efficient service links. The second is the ‘Go West’ policy and the ‘One Belt, One Road’ policy in China. The third is the opening of Myanmar, the node between SA and EA. This chapter also reviews bilateral, regional, and Asia-wide efforts to revive land connectivity including the ASEAN–India Connectivity projects and the recently initiated Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor. The chapter then proposes several new Trans-Himalayan Economic Corridors for seamless Pan-Asian connectivity between South Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia.Less
This chapter focuses on infrastructure connectivity issues that are required for providing efficient service links between production blocs. It argues that after enjoying a rich history of about 1,600 years, the Silk Roads (land connectivity) went into disrepair. Now, for various reasons, land connectivity is once again making a comeback in Asia. First, is the growing importance of supply chain trade or parts and component trade which require efficient service links. The second is the ‘Go West’ policy and the ‘One Belt, One Road’ policy in China. The third is the opening of Myanmar, the node between SA and EA. This chapter also reviews bilateral, regional, and Asia-wide efforts to revive land connectivity including the ASEAN–India Connectivity projects and the recently initiated Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor. The chapter then proposes several new Trans-Himalayan Economic Corridors for seamless Pan-Asian connectivity between South Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia.
Barbara Sporn and Marijk van der Wende
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- November 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198853022
- eISBN:
- 9780191887420
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198853022.003.0018
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Knowledge Management, Political Economy
This chapter analyzes the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as the Chinese government’s strategy on the “idea of the university” in China, with special attention to governance, ...
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This chapter analyzes the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as the Chinese government’s strategy on the “idea of the university” in China, with special attention to governance, mission, and role in society, as well as the values underpinning the model of the university. Results from this work imply that Chinese universities have not been changing dramatically through the BRI strategy as such. They have rather been on a pathway of transformation to which the BRI is adding opportunities, the extent to which seems to be mostly bound to disciplinary fields. STEM has already been a prominent global player for a while. Business schools that have been internationalizing for many years are now taking further entrepreneurial steps, and also specific areas in the humanities are exploring new international initiatives. While those trends show striking similarities regarding internationalization strategies in the West, some notable differences relate to China’s particular approach.Less
This chapter analyzes the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as the Chinese government’s strategy on the “idea of the university” in China, with special attention to governance, mission, and role in society, as well as the values underpinning the model of the university. Results from this work imply that Chinese universities have not been changing dramatically through the BRI strategy as such. They have rather been on a pathway of transformation to which the BRI is adding opportunities, the extent to which seems to be mostly bound to disciplinary fields. STEM has already been a prominent global player for a while. Business schools that have been internationalizing for many years are now taking further entrepreneurial steps, and also specific areas in the humanities are exploring new international initiatives. While those trends show striking similarities regarding internationalization strategies in the West, some notable differences relate to China’s particular approach.
Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780226540887
- eISBN:
- 9780226553405
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
- DOI:
- 10.7208/chicago/9780226553405.003.0008
- Subject:
- Earth Sciences and Geography, Cartography
The maps of the Book of Curiosities demonstrate the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean, and of the tenth-century Ismaʿili emirates in Sind, to the global ambitions of the Fatimid empire. The ...
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The maps of the Book of Curiosities demonstrate the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean, and of the tenth-century Ismaʿili emirates in Sind, to the global ambitions of the Fatimid empire. The maps also contribute to the history of global communications at the turn of the previous millennium, as they highlight a route to China that passed through northern India and Tibet. This chapter examines three separate maps of East and Central Asia: a map of the Indian Ocean, a map of the River Oxus, and a map of the Indus, which also shows localities along the Ganges. This third map of the Indian river systems uniquely depicts an overland itinerary from Muslim Sind, then under Fatimid control, through northern India and then probably through Tibet, to China. Other routes, either the sea route to China through the Straits of Malacca, or the Central Asian Silk Road, are not depicted in such detail, suggesting that by the time the Book of Curiosities was composed the Tibetan route eclipsed its more famous alternatives.Less
The maps of the Book of Curiosities demonstrate the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean, and of the tenth-century Ismaʿili emirates in Sind, to the global ambitions of the Fatimid empire. The maps also contribute to the history of global communications at the turn of the previous millennium, as they highlight a route to China that passed through northern India and Tibet. This chapter examines three separate maps of East and Central Asia: a map of the Indian Ocean, a map of the River Oxus, and a map of the Indus, which also shows localities along the Ganges. This third map of the Indian river systems uniquely depicts an overland itinerary from Muslim Sind, then under Fatimid control, through northern India and then probably through Tibet, to China. Other routes, either the sea route to China through the Straits of Malacca, or the Central Asian Silk Road, are not depicted in such detail, suggesting that by the time the Book of Curiosities was composed the Tibetan route eclipsed its more famous alternatives.
Steven Sidebotham
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520244306
- eISBN:
- 9780520948389
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520244306.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE
The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire's heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the ...
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The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire's heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the Egyptian Red Sea across the Indian Ocean. The ancient city of Berenike, located approximately 500 miles south of today's Suez Canal, was a significant port among these conduits. This book, written by the archaeologist who excavated Berenike, uncovers the role the city played in the regional, local, and “global” economies during the eight centuries of its existence. The book analyzes many of the artifacts, botanical and faunal remains, and hundreds of the texts the author and his team found in excavations, providing a profoundly intimate glimpse of the people who lived, worked, and died in this emporium between the classical Mediterranean world and Asia.Less
The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire's heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the Egyptian Red Sea across the Indian Ocean. The ancient city of Berenike, located approximately 500 miles south of today's Suez Canal, was a significant port among these conduits. This book, written by the archaeologist who excavated Berenike, uncovers the role the city played in the regional, local, and “global” economies during the eight centuries of its existence. The book analyzes many of the artifacts, botanical and faunal remains, and hundreds of the texts the author and his team found in excavations, providing a profoundly intimate glimpse of the people who lived, worked, and died in this emporium between the classical Mediterranean world and Asia.
Peter Jackson
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780300125337
- eISBN:
- 9780300227284
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300125337.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter examines the conditions created by the Mongol conquests, summed up in the phrase Pax Mongolica, and the role of the Silk Roads in the transcontinental travel andcommunication to which ...
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This chapter examines the conditions created by the Mongol conquests, summed up in the phrase Pax Mongolica, and the role of the Silk Roads in the transcontinental travel andcommunication to which the Mongols had given impetus. It begins with a discussion of commodities traded in Mongol Asia, including spices, silks and other luxury textiles, pearls, precious stones, bullion and furs. It then considers the Mongols' diversion of trade routes within Western Asia and their role in the emergence of new termini, along with the steps taken by Mongol khans to foster trade. It also analyses the obstacles and risks involved in overland trade and travel in the era of the successor-states, the growth in the maritime trade of Asia during the Mongol epoch, and the limits of cultural diffusion brought by transcontinental trade across Mongol Asia.Less
This chapter examines the conditions created by the Mongol conquests, summed up in the phrase Pax Mongolica, and the role of the Silk Roads in the transcontinental travel andcommunication to which the Mongols had given impetus. It begins with a discussion of commodities traded in Mongol Asia, including spices, silks and other luxury textiles, pearls, precious stones, bullion and furs. It then considers the Mongols' diversion of trade routes within Western Asia and their role in the emergence of new termini, along with the steps taken by Mongol khans to foster trade. It also analyses the obstacles and risks involved in overland trade and travel in the era of the successor-states, the growth in the maritime trade of Asia during the Mongol epoch, and the limits of cultural diffusion brought by transcontinental trade across Mongol Asia.
