Mark D. Regnerus
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- May 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195320947
- eISBN:
- 9780199785452
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320947.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
This chapter evaluates alternate expressions of sexual activity, such as pornography and oral and anal sex. It explores in some detail the preference for replacing vaginal sexual intercourse with ...
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This chapter evaluates alternate expressions of sexual activity, such as pornography and oral and anal sex. It explores in some detail the preference for replacing vaginal sexual intercourse with forms of sexual expression less threatening to future prospects for material success. It concludes that there is evidence of an emerging middle-class sexual morality among some American teenagers.Less
This chapter evaluates alternate expressions of sexual activity, such as pornography and oral and anal sex. It explores in some detail the preference for replacing vaginal sexual intercourse with forms of sexual expression less threatening to future prospects for material success. It concludes that there is evidence of an emerging middle-class sexual morality among some American teenagers.
Richard Swinburne
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199212460
- eISBN:
- 9780191707193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199212460.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
Humans are subject to four kinds of moral obligation: necessary obligations, obligations necessary unless God dispenses us from them, obligations imposed by God on all humans, and obligations imposed ...
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Humans are subject to four kinds of moral obligation: necessary obligations, obligations necessary unless God dispenses us from them, obligations imposed by God on all humans, and obligations imposed by God on some humans. God's reasons for imposing an obligation may be either to coordinate the performance of our obligations, or to get us to engage in acts which otherwise would be only supererogatory in order to make us naturally very good people. This chapter examines some of the currently controversial claims of traditional Christian morality (about sexual matters, abortion, and the ordination of women) and some claims controversial in the past (about usury and slavery). It argues that in general, they are either necessary truths or such as God had some reason to make obligatory (at least for past generations). Hence, it is plausible to suppose that in general these traditional claims are revealed truths.Less
Humans are subject to four kinds of moral obligation: necessary obligations, obligations necessary unless God dispenses us from them, obligations imposed by God on all humans, and obligations imposed by God on some humans. God's reasons for imposing an obligation may be either to coordinate the performance of our obligations, or to get us to engage in acts which otherwise would be only supererogatory in order to make us naturally very good people. This chapter examines some of the currently controversial claims of traditional Christian morality (about sexual matters, abortion, and the ordination of women) and some claims controversial in the past (about usury and slavery). It argues that in general, they are either necessary truths or such as God had some reason to make obligatory (at least for past generations). Hence, it is plausible to suppose that in general these traditional claims are revealed truths.
Yvonne C. Zimmerman
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199942190
- eISBN:
- 9780199980765
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199942190.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Focusing on the public face of the federal government's anti–human trafficking project during the presidential administration of George W. Bush, this book explores how the religious values of ...
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Focusing on the public face of the federal government's anti–human trafficking project during the presidential administration of George W. Bush, this book explores how the religious values of Protestant Christianity regarding sexual morality and gender propriety intersected with and shaped the United States' federal initiative to eliminate human trafficking. From perceptions of what human trafficking essentially is, to the understanding of the moral harm human trafficking causes, to a normative conception of what freedom from trafficking substantively entails, the way human trafficking has been understood and addressed is shaped by and reflects the religious heritage and moral imagination of American Protestantism. Contending that conceptions of freedom that reflect and enact such a religiously and culturally particular moral imagination of freedom are not universally applicable in a religiously, culturally, and politically plural world, the book aims to create theoretical space and moral necessity for considering ways of thinking about and organizing freedom from trafficking that are not rooted in the moral sensibilities and forms of social relation that characterize American Protestant Christianity.Less
Focusing on the public face of the federal government's anti–human trafficking project during the presidential administration of George W. Bush, this book explores how the religious values of Protestant Christianity regarding sexual morality and gender propriety intersected with and shaped the United States' federal initiative to eliminate human trafficking. From perceptions of what human trafficking essentially is, to the understanding of the moral harm human trafficking causes, to a normative conception of what freedom from trafficking substantively entails, the way human trafficking has been understood and addressed is shaped by and reflects the religious heritage and moral imagination of American Protestantism. Contending that conceptions of freedom that reflect and enact such a religiously and culturally particular moral imagination of freedom are not universally applicable in a religiously, culturally, and politically plural world, the book aims to create theoretical space and moral necessity for considering ways of thinking about and organizing freedom from trafficking that are not rooted in the moral sensibilities and forms of social relation that characterize American Protestant Christianity.
Elizabeth Brake
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199774142
- eISBN:
- 9780199933228
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199774142.003.0004
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
This chapter examines three of the most influential defenses of marriage; each holds that marriage is the sole permissible context for sex and the unique context for achieving certain goods. Kant ...
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This chapter examines three of the most influential defenses of marriage; each holds that marriage is the sole permissible context for sex and the unique context for achieving certain goods. Kant held that marriage morally transforms sexual objectification, thereby making procreation morally possible. Natural law accounts argue that basic human goods of procreation and marital friendship can only be attained through marriage. Roger Scruton argues that marriage enables virtuous erotic love, which is an essential contributor to human flourishing;. These three accounts, which attribute to marriage a unique transformative role, share a failing: entry into a legal institution does not effect, nor is it required for, the psychological transformation which virtues require. Basic goods and virtues can exist outside marriage, as in unmarried relationships. Furthermore, unqualified attributions of value to marriage fail to recognize the variability of real marriages and ignore their vices.Less
This chapter examines three of the most influential defenses of marriage; each holds that marriage is the sole permissible context for sex and the unique context for achieving certain goods. Kant held that marriage morally transforms sexual objectification, thereby making procreation morally possible. Natural law accounts argue that basic human goods of procreation and marital friendship can only be attained through marriage. Roger Scruton argues that marriage enables virtuous erotic love, which is an essential contributor to human flourishing;. These three accounts, which attribute to marriage a unique transformative role, share a failing: entry into a legal institution does not effect, nor is it required for, the psychological transformation which virtues require. Basic goods and virtues can exist outside marriage, as in unmarried relationships. Furthermore, unqualified attributions of value to marriage fail to recognize the variability of real marriages and ignore their vices.
Amanda H. Littauer
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781469623788
- eISBN:
- 9781469625195
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469623788.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
This book looks at mid-century American sex and culture. It traces the origins of the “sexual revolution” of the 1960s. The book argues that sexual liberation was much more than a reaction to 1950s ...
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This book looks at mid-century American sex and culture. It traces the origins of the “sexual revolution” of the 1960s. The book argues that sexual liberation was much more than a reaction to 1950s repression because it largely involved the mainstreaming of a counterculture already on the rise among girls and young women decades earlier. From World War II-era “victory girls” to teen lesbians in the 1940s and 1950s, these nonconforming women and girls navigated and resisted intense social and interpersonal pressures to fit existing mores, using the upheavals of the era to pursue new sexual freedoms. Building on a new generation of research on postwar society, the text tells the history of diverse young women who stood at the center of major cultural change and helped transform a society bound by conservative sexual morality into one more open to individualism, plurality, and pleasure in modern sexual life.Less
This book looks at mid-century American sex and culture. It traces the origins of the “sexual revolution” of the 1960s. The book argues that sexual liberation was much more than a reaction to 1950s repression because it largely involved the mainstreaming of a counterculture already on the rise among girls and young women decades earlier. From World War II-era “victory girls” to teen lesbians in the 1940s and 1950s, these nonconforming women and girls navigated and resisted intense social and interpersonal pressures to fit existing mores, using the upheavals of the era to pursue new sexual freedoms. Building on a new generation of research on postwar society, the text tells the history of diverse young women who stood at the center of major cultural change and helped transform a society bound by conservative sexual morality into one more open to individualism, plurality, and pleasure in modern sexual life.
Kathy L. Gaca
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235991
- eISBN:
- 9780520929463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235991.003.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This book aims to resolve an important philosophical and historical problem about the making of sexual morality in Western culture. There are three main reasons why many scholars emphasize apparent ...
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This book aims to resolve an important philosophical and historical problem about the making of sexual morality in Western culture. There are three main reasons why many scholars emphasize apparent connections between Greek moral philosophy and Christian sexual morality at the expense of the disparities. The work directly complements the social history of early Christian sexual asceticism and related didactic ideology. It examines the arguments that Plato, the Stoics, and the Pythagoreans offer to support their respective conceptions of justifiable and unjustifiable sexual conduct. The book also focuses on the Septuagint's sexual laws and on the normative sexual poetics of the Pentateuch and Prophets. It then demonstrates how the Greek philosophical and biblical sexual principles are reworked in three very different sectors of patristic Christian thought: the sexually encratite, the proto-orthodox, and the more libertine positions. The problems with fornication are described.Less
This book aims to resolve an important philosophical and historical problem about the making of sexual morality in Western culture. There are three main reasons why many scholars emphasize apparent connections between Greek moral philosophy and Christian sexual morality at the expense of the disparities. The work directly complements the social history of early Christian sexual asceticism and related didactic ideology. It examines the arguments that Plato, the Stoics, and the Pythagoreans offer to support their respective conceptions of justifiable and unjustifiable sexual conduct. The book also focuses on the Septuagint's sexual laws and on the normative sexual poetics of the Pentateuch and Prophets. It then demonstrates how the Greek philosophical and biblical sexual principles are reworked in three very different sectors of patristic Christian thought: the sexually encratite, the proto-orthodox, and the more libertine positions. The problems with fornication are described.
Kathy Gaca
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235991
- eISBN:
- 9780520929463
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235991.001.0001
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This work provides a reassessment of the emergence and nature of Christian sexual morality, the dominant moral paradigm in Western society since late antiquity. While many scholars, including Michel ...
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This work provides a reassessment of the emergence and nature of Christian sexual morality, the dominant moral paradigm in Western society since late antiquity. While many scholars, including Michel Foucault, have found the basis of early Christian sexual restrictions in Greek ethics and political philosophy, the author of this book demonstrates that it is misguided to regard Greek ethics and political theory—with their proposed reforms of eroticism, the family, and civic order—as the foundation of Christian sexual austerity. Rather, she shows that early Christian goals to eradicate fornication were derived from the sexual rules and poetic norms of the Septuagint, or Greek Bible, and that early Christian writers adapted these rules and norms in ways which reveal insights into the distinctive and largely non-philosophical character of Christian sexual morality. Writing with a command of both Greek philosophy and early Christian writings, the author investigates Plato, the Stoics, the Pythagoreans, Philo of Alexandria, the apostle Paul, and the patristic Christians Clement of Alexandria, Tatian, and Epiphanes, elucidating their ideas on sexual reform. Early Christian writers, she demonstrates, transformed all that they borrowed from Greek ethics and political philosophy to launch innovative programs against fornication that were inimical to Greek cultural mores, popular and philosophical alike. The Septuagint's mandate to worship the Lord alone among all gods led to a Christian program to revolutionize Gentile sexual practices.Less
This work provides a reassessment of the emergence and nature of Christian sexual morality, the dominant moral paradigm in Western society since late antiquity. While many scholars, including Michel Foucault, have found the basis of early Christian sexual restrictions in Greek ethics and political philosophy, the author of this book demonstrates that it is misguided to regard Greek ethics and political theory—with their proposed reforms of eroticism, the family, and civic order—as the foundation of Christian sexual austerity. Rather, she shows that early Christian goals to eradicate fornication were derived from the sexual rules and poetic norms of the Septuagint, or Greek Bible, and that early Christian writers adapted these rules and norms in ways which reveal insights into the distinctive and largely non-philosophical character of Christian sexual morality. Writing with a command of both Greek philosophy and early Christian writings, the author investigates Plato, the Stoics, the Pythagoreans, Philo of Alexandria, the apostle Paul, and the patristic Christians Clement of Alexandria, Tatian, and Epiphanes, elucidating their ideas on sexual reform. Early Christian writers, she demonstrates, transformed all that they borrowed from Greek ethics and political philosophy to launch innovative programs against fornication that were inimical to Greek cultural mores, popular and philosophical alike. The Septuagint's mandate to worship the Lord alone among all gods led to a Christian program to revolutionize Gentile sexual practices.
ALAN BRUDNER
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199225798
- eISBN:
- 9780191706516
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199225798.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law
This chapter discusses how a constitution ordered to public reason understood as dialogic community would resolve the tension between the individual's right of self-authorship, on the one hand, and ...
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This chapter discusses how a constitution ordered to public reason understood as dialogic community would resolve the tension between the individual's right of self-authorship, on the one hand, and moral norms governing sex and the family, on the other. It contrasts the medieval teleological framework for regulating sexual and familial relationships with Kant's deontological reinterpretation of sexual morality. It discusses Hegel's revision of the medieval teleology of sex so as to accommodate the right of self-authorship. The chapter argues that the new constitutional paradigm can justify to liberals the regulation of pornography, prostitution, and abortion. It proposes a teleological understanding of sexual morality that can approve of same-sex marriage, while disapproving of polygamy and incest even when these relations are consensual and harmless.Less
This chapter discusses how a constitution ordered to public reason understood as dialogic community would resolve the tension between the individual's right of self-authorship, on the one hand, and moral norms governing sex and the family, on the other. It contrasts the medieval teleological framework for regulating sexual and familial relationships with Kant's deontological reinterpretation of sexual morality. It discusses Hegel's revision of the medieval teleology of sex so as to accommodate the right of self-authorship. The chapter argues that the new constitutional paradigm can justify to liberals the regulation of pornography, prostitution, and abortion. It proposes a teleological understanding of sexual morality that can approve of same-sex marriage, while disapproving of polygamy and incest even when these relations are consensual and harmless.
Stephen Macedo
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199243006
- eISBN:
- 9780191697203
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199243006.003.0002
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter discusses the argument that although one should reject the sexual teachings of the new natural law, he/she should also have something to learn from it. The discussion presented in this ...
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This chapter discusses the argument that although one should reject the sexual teachings of the new natural law, he/she should also have something to learn from it. The discussion presented in this chapter also includes a section where a larger point is made about liberalism.Less
This chapter discusses the argument that although one should reject the sexual teachings of the new natural law, he/she should also have something to learn from it. The discussion presented in this chapter also includes a section where a larger point is made about liberalism.
John McManners
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270041
- eISBN:
- 9780191600692
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270046.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The second volume of this study of the relations between the Catholic Church and society in eighteenth‐century France covers the topics of popular religion; the clergy and morals; the Jansenist ...
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The second volume of this study of the relations between the Catholic Church and society in eighteenth‐century France covers the topics of popular religion; the clergy and morals; the Jansenist controversy in its religious and political aspects; the expulsion of the Jesuits; the religious minorities and the issue of toleration; and the crisis of the ancien régime in its politico‐religious dimension. The section on the ‘religion of the people’ considers, in particular, the distinctions between the intentions of the clergy in imposing their version of Christianity on the people and how these were popularly interpreted and incorporated into the social order. The statistical evidence concerning religious practice and conviction is critically assessed. The meanings and importance of processions, pilgrimages, superstitions, hermits, confraternities, and literacy and Bible reading are discussed along with the world of magic and sorcery. The efficacy of confession and writings on morality is considered with reference to sexual mores, business practice, and the theatre. The role of religious issues in political affairs is discussed in detail, linking the Jansenist quarrel and the role of the Jesuits to the developing struggle between the crown and the parlement of Paris, giving due consideration to the role of ideas and how ecclesiastical affairs impinged upon the sovereign courts. An extended evocation of the life of the Protestant and Jewish communities introduces the debate on toleration and how it further embroiled the Gallican Church in political controversies. The final section describes the role of churchmen, from bishops to the disaffected lower clergy, in the coming of the Revolution. As in the first volume, the influence of Enlightenment thought is examined in all sections in relation to the rising force of anti‐clericalism and to tensions within the ecclesiastical establishment.Less
The second volume of this study of the relations between the Catholic Church and society in eighteenth‐century France covers the topics of popular religion; the clergy and morals; the Jansenist controversy in its religious and political aspects; the expulsion of the Jesuits; the religious minorities and the issue of toleration; and the crisis of the ancien régime in its politico‐religious dimension. The section on the ‘religion of the people’ considers, in particular, the distinctions between the intentions of the clergy in imposing their version of Christianity on the people and how these were popularly interpreted and incorporated into the social order. The statistical evidence concerning religious practice and conviction is critically assessed. The meanings and importance of processions, pilgrimages, superstitions, hermits, confraternities, and literacy and Bible reading are discussed along with the world of magic and sorcery. The efficacy of confession and writings on morality is considered with reference to sexual mores, business practice, and the theatre. The role of religious issues in political affairs is discussed in detail, linking the Jansenist quarrel and the role of the Jesuits to the developing struggle between the crown and the parlement of Paris, giving due consideration to the role of ideas and how ecclesiastical affairs impinged upon the sovereign courts. An extended evocation of the life of the Protestant and Jewish communities introduces the debate on toleration and how it further embroiled the Gallican Church in political controversies. The final section describes the role of churchmen, from bishops to the disaffected lower clergy, in the coming of the Revolution. As in the first volume, the influence of Enlightenment thought is examined in all sections in relation to the rising force of anti‐clericalism and to tensions within the ecclesiastical establishment.
Ulinka Rublack
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198208860
- eISBN:
- 9780191678165
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198208860.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, European Early Modern History
The chapter discusses in some detail the changes in legislation and legal practice in regard to fornication and premarital sex. It looks at the economic and social situation of those women who were ...
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The chapter discusses in some detail the changes in legislation and legal practice in regard to fornication and premarital sex. It looks at the economic and social situation of those women who were most likely to be punished for fornication, and examines how women defended ‘sexual honour’ or appropriated the image of the ‘desirous female’ to challenge male authority. In the early modern period, the fantasy of the desirous woman constituted a threat for two reasons. She challenged an order founded on parentally approved marriages of social equals ready to form their own households. She also tempted men into sin, which questioned their self-control and thus the legitimacy of male dominance over women. This, of course, was intolerable, and thus one function of the law was to exclude those women from society who took up the role of the desirous female.Less
The chapter discusses in some detail the changes in legislation and legal practice in regard to fornication and premarital sex. It looks at the economic and social situation of those women who were most likely to be punished for fornication, and examines how women defended ‘sexual honour’ or appropriated the image of the ‘desirous female’ to challenge male authority. In the early modern period, the fantasy of the desirous woman constituted a threat for two reasons. She challenged an order founded on parentally approved marriages of social equals ready to form their own households. She also tempted men into sin, which questioned their self-control and thus the legitimacy of male dominance over women. This, of course, was intolerable, and thus one function of the law was to exclude those women from society who took up the role of the desirous female.
Kathy L. Gaca
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235991
- eISBN:
- 9780520929463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235991.003.0006
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter addresses the conversion of whore culture into the Lord's veiled bride. The metaphor of spiritual fornication informs what it means to identify women as “harlots” or “whores” in the ...
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This chapter addresses the conversion of whore culture into the Lord's veiled bride. The metaphor of spiritual fornication informs what it means to identify women as “harlots” or “whores” in the Septuagint. The biblical figure of the whore is an integral and potent feature of the Septuagint metaphor of spiritual fornication. Paul's use of the biblical harlot stereotype is discussed. The metaphor of spiritual adultery in the Prophets offers a more emotively forceful approach to inculcating the norm of biblical monotheism. The sexually possessive message of the Prophets' metaphor had a profound impact on Paul, who transformed the breadth and sexual specificity of the teaching in his development of Christian sexual morality. The Prophets shape Paul's view that God's people are a collective feminine entity whose greatest glory is to be joined in holy matrimony with God as supreme male deity.Less
This chapter addresses the conversion of whore culture into the Lord's veiled bride. The metaphor of spiritual fornication informs what it means to identify women as “harlots” or “whores” in the Septuagint. The biblical figure of the whore is an integral and potent feature of the Septuagint metaphor of spiritual fornication. Paul's use of the biblical harlot stereotype is discussed. The metaphor of spiritual adultery in the Prophets offers a more emotively forceful approach to inculcating the norm of biblical monotheism. The sexually possessive message of the Prophets' metaphor had a profound impact on Paul, who transformed the breadth and sexual specificity of the teaching in his development of Christian sexual morality. The Prophets shape Paul's view that God's people are a collective feminine entity whose greatest glory is to be joined in holy matrimony with God as supreme male deity.
Laura Heins
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252037740
- eISBN:
- 9780252095023
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252037740.003.0003
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
This chapter explores how Third Reich romance melodramas attempted to form spectator desires to the benefit of Nazi imperialist aims. Nazi romance films positioned Third Reich culture as a liberation ...
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This chapter explores how Third Reich romance melodramas attempted to form spectator desires to the benefit of Nazi imperialist aims. Nazi romance films positioned Third Reich culture as a liberation from nineteenth-century sexual morality while encouraging female participation in the public sphere in preparation for a war economy. The sexual content of Nazi films was furthermore calculated to exceed that of Hollywood in an attempt to make Nazi rule appear more attractive to German, occupied, and neutral audiences. And contrary to the assumptions that the Nazis attempted to desexualize the cinema, historical evidence shows that the erotic attractions of female performers were explicitly used in order to suppress political critique. Yet the “woman question” continually threatened to interfere with the propaganda minister's instrumentalization of the female body, and Nazi cinema's deployment of the erotic sometimes backfired.Less
This chapter explores how Third Reich romance melodramas attempted to form spectator desires to the benefit of Nazi imperialist aims. Nazi romance films positioned Third Reich culture as a liberation from nineteenth-century sexual morality while encouraging female participation in the public sphere in preparation for a war economy. The sexual content of Nazi films was furthermore calculated to exceed that of Hollywood in an attempt to make Nazi rule appear more attractive to German, occupied, and neutral audiences. And contrary to the assumptions that the Nazis attempted to desexualize the cinema, historical evidence shows that the erotic attractions of female performers were explicitly used in order to suppress political critique. Yet the “woman question” continually threatened to interfere with the propaganda minister's instrumentalization of the female body, and Nazi cinema's deployment of the erotic sometimes backfired.
Laura Schwartz
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780719085826
- eISBN:
- 9781781704936
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719085826.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter discusses the influence of Freethought in the development of first-wave feminism, focusing on debates over marriage, birth control and sexual morality. It examines the tensions between ...
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This chapter discusses the influence of Freethought in the development of first-wave feminism, focusing on debates over marriage, birth control and sexual morality. It examines the tensions between feminism, Free Love and Freethought while showing that, despite these tensions, Freethought provided an intellectual framework in which it was possible to envisage a more radical transformation of heterosexual relations than the rest of the women's movement was willing to imagine. The Freethought renunciation of Christianity necessarily entailed a rejection of the moral authority of the Church, particularly its role in legitimising sexual relations. Secularists were therefore required to find a new basis for morality.Less
This chapter discusses the influence of Freethought in the development of first-wave feminism, focusing on debates over marriage, birth control and sexual morality. It examines the tensions between feminism, Free Love and Freethought while showing that, despite these tensions, Freethought provided an intellectual framework in which it was possible to envisage a more radical transformation of heterosexual relations than the rest of the women's movement was willing to imagine. The Freethought renunciation of Christianity necessarily entailed a rejection of the moral authority of the Church, particularly its role in legitimising sexual relations. Secularists were therefore required to find a new basis for morality.
Kathy L. Gaca
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520235991
- eISBN:
- 9780520929463
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520235991.003.0010
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
Epiphanes and Clement think their respective views of sexual morality and social order reflect the true spirit of Christianity. In this chapter, the historical significance of the disputation for ...
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Epiphanes and Clement think their respective views of sexual morality and social order reflect the true spirit of Christianity. In this chapter, the historical significance of the disputation for shaping ecclesiastical sexual principles is first introduced. Epiphanes and Clement, despite their differences in sexual morality, concur on some religious and social norms that inform their disputation. However, in spite of their shared assumptions about God, his creation, and his plan for human beings, they differ markedly in the sexual norms that they each think are divinely mandated. Epiphanes's and Clement's dispute about the worth of innate sexual desire illustrates the divergent influence that Plato had on patristic interpretations of Greek biblical sexual norms. Epiphanes's paradigm failed and came to be grossly misrepresented as sheer lechery by Clement. Epiphanes challenged biblical sexual norms directly.Less
Epiphanes and Clement think their respective views of sexual morality and social order reflect the true spirit of Christianity. In this chapter, the historical significance of the disputation for shaping ecclesiastical sexual principles is first introduced. Epiphanes and Clement, despite their differences in sexual morality, concur on some religious and social norms that inform their disputation. However, in spite of their shared assumptions about God, his creation, and his plan for human beings, they differ markedly in the sexual norms that they each think are divinely mandated. Epiphanes's and Clement's dispute about the worth of innate sexual desire illustrates the divergent influence that Plato had on patristic interpretations of Greek biblical sexual norms. Epiphanes's paradigm failed and came to be grossly misrepresented as sheer lechery by Clement. Epiphanes challenged biblical sexual norms directly.
Wenqing Kang
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9789622099807
- eISBN:
- 9789882207233
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789622099807.003.0004
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
Literary works of both major and minor writers such as Yu Dafu, Ye Dingluo, Guo Moruo, Huang Shenzhi, and Ye Lingfend represent intimate relations between men during the 1920s and the 1930s. ...
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Literary works of both major and minor writers such as Yu Dafu, Ye Dingluo, Guo Moruo, Huang Shenzhi, and Ye Lingfend represent intimate relations between men during the 1920s and the 1930s. Historians and literary critics from China and the United States have largely ignored writings on male same-sex relations. It is, however, important that these writings be restored since these account for a period in modern Chinese history in which male same-sex love encouraged different social ideas and enabled the development of different meanings of homosexuality. Along with the protest against arranged marriage, male same-sex love challenged sexual and social morality constraints. These concepts were either viewed as a foundation for a utopian vision, or as an evil practice. Literary writers were also able to express their sadness towards the Chinese empire's decline through male same-sex love's ephemeral quality.Less
Literary works of both major and minor writers such as Yu Dafu, Ye Dingluo, Guo Moruo, Huang Shenzhi, and Ye Lingfend represent intimate relations between men during the 1920s and the 1930s. Historians and literary critics from China and the United States have largely ignored writings on male same-sex relations. It is, however, important that these writings be restored since these account for a period in modern Chinese history in which male same-sex love encouraged different social ideas and enabled the development of different meanings of homosexuality. Along with the protest against arranged marriage, male same-sex love challenged sexual and social morality constraints. These concepts were either viewed as a foundation for a utopian vision, or as an evil practice. Literary writers were also able to express their sadness towards the Chinese empire's decline through male same-sex love's ephemeral quality.
Hans Tao-ming Huang
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9789888083077
- eISBN:
- 9789882209817
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Hong Kong University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5790/hongkong/9789888083077.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This chapter accounts for the scientific construction of male homosexuality from the 1950s through the 1970s in Taiwan. In delineating a normative culture of sex established by the nascent ‘psy’ ...
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This chapter accounts for the scientific construction of male homosexuality from the 1950s through the 1970s in Taiwan. In delineating a normative culture of sex established by the nascent ‘psy’ industry, it demonstrates how The Man Who Escapes Marriage (1976), Taiwan's first ‘homosexual’ popular novel, emerged as a product of the mental hygiene movement. Enabled by the American Psychiatric Association's 1973 decision to depathologise homosexuality as mental illness, The Man represents, this chapter argues, a limiting case whereby the legitimation of homosexual desire is made through the author's appeal to the virtue of moral rectitude.Less
This chapter accounts for the scientific construction of male homosexuality from the 1950s through the 1970s in Taiwan. In delineating a normative culture of sex established by the nascent ‘psy’ industry, it demonstrates how The Man Who Escapes Marriage (1976), Taiwan's first ‘homosexual’ popular novel, emerged as a product of the mental hygiene movement. Enabled by the American Psychiatric Association's 1973 decision to depathologise homosexuality as mental illness, The Man represents, this chapter argues, a limiting case whereby the legitimation of homosexual desire is made through the author's appeal to the virtue of moral rectitude.
Robert P. George
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780197265642
- eISBN:
- 9780191760389
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- British Academy
- DOI:
- 10.5871/bacad/9780197265642.003.0029
- Subject:
- Law, Human Rights and Immigration
This chapter responds to the chapters by Christopher Tollefsen and Edwin Cameron. Although both authors argue from an understanding of human dignity in which the obligation to respect dignity is an ...
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This chapter responds to the chapters by Christopher Tollefsen and Edwin Cameron. Although both authors argue from an understanding of human dignity in which the obligation to respect dignity is an obligation to favour the integral flourishing of the human person, the chapters are seen as offering deeply opposed and irreconcilable positions on central issues pertaining to sexual morality and marriage. The authors differ so fundamentally precisely because they have such profound differences about what constitutes and promotes the flourishing of human persons when it comes to sexuality and the choices people face and make in which sexual desire and judgements about what is intrinsically good and bad and right and wrong crucially figure. These differences reflect competing conceptions of the nature of the human person—that being whose integral good should be respected and favoured in all of our choosing and acting if, as both Professor Tollefsen and Justice Cameron believe, we have an obligation to honour human dignity.Less
This chapter responds to the chapters by Christopher Tollefsen and Edwin Cameron. Although both authors argue from an understanding of human dignity in which the obligation to respect dignity is an obligation to favour the integral flourishing of the human person, the chapters are seen as offering deeply opposed and irreconcilable positions on central issues pertaining to sexual morality and marriage. The authors differ so fundamentally precisely because they have such profound differences about what constitutes and promotes the flourishing of human persons when it comes to sexuality and the choices people face and make in which sexual desire and judgements about what is intrinsically good and bad and right and wrong crucially figure. These differences reflect competing conceptions of the nature of the human person—that being whose integral good should be respected and favoured in all of our choosing and acting if, as both Professor Tollefsen and Justice Cameron believe, we have an obligation to honour human dignity.
J. R. LUCAS
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198235781
- eISBN:
- 9780191679117
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198235781.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
The concept of responsibility has less application to the intimate world of personal relationships, in which first-personal rather than omni-personal reasoning is paramount, but irresponsibility can ...
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The concept of responsibility has less application to the intimate world of personal relationships, in which first-personal rather than omni-personal reasoning is paramount, but irresponsibility can be deeply corrosive, particularly in matters of sexual morality and family obligation. This chapter discusses these together with issues of loyalty to the group, and reaches unfashionable conclusions, being much harder on permissiveness than advanced thinkers of the present age, and softer on homosexuality than would be approved by popular sentiment.Less
The concept of responsibility has less application to the intimate world of personal relationships, in which first-personal rather than omni-personal reasoning is paramount, but irresponsibility can be deeply corrosive, particularly in matters of sexual morality and family obligation. This chapter discusses these together with issues of loyalty to the group, and reaches unfashionable conclusions, being much harder on permissiveness than advanced thinkers of the present age, and softer on homosexuality than would be approved by popular sentiment.
ROBERT P. GEORGE
- Published in print:
- 1999
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198267713
- eISBN:
- 9780191683343
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267713.003.0016
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law
This chapter argues that Sullivan’s critique of natural law thinking about homosexuality and other questions of sexual morality ignores a distinction that is crucial to understanding this area, ...
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This chapter argues that Sullivan’s critique of natural law thinking about homosexuality and other questions of sexual morality ignores a distinction that is crucial to understanding this area, namely, the distinction between reasons for action and restraint, and desires, which may, rightly or wrongly, also motivate people. As in Sullivan’s essentially neo-Humean account of value, the basic goods of human nature which provide reasons for action should not be reduced, to desires, even of the deep and more or less stable sort which Sullivan describes as ‘yearnings’. The chapter aims to bring this distinction into focus which will prove that there is no inconsistency in the natural law position.Less
This chapter argues that Sullivan’s critique of natural law thinking about homosexuality and other questions of sexual morality ignores a distinction that is crucial to understanding this area, namely, the distinction between reasons for action and restraint, and desires, which may, rightly or wrongly, also motivate people. As in Sullivan’s essentially neo-Humean account of value, the basic goods of human nature which provide reasons for action should not be reduced, to desires, even of the deep and more or less stable sort which Sullivan describes as ‘yearnings’. The chapter aims to bring this distinction into focus which will prove that there is no inconsistency in the natural law position.
