Monique Deveaux
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289790
- eISBN:
- 9780191711022
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289790.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This book explores the challenges that culturally plural liberal states face when they hold competing political commitments to cultural rights and sexual equality, and advances an argument for ...
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This book explores the challenges that culturally plural liberal states face when they hold competing political commitments to cultural rights and sexual equality, and advances an argument for resolving such dilemmas through democratic dialogue and negotiation. Exploring recent examples of gendered cultural conflicts in South Africa, Canada, and Britain, this study shows that there is an urgent need for workable strategies to mediate the antagonisms between the cultural practices and arrangements of certain ethno-cultural and religious groups, and the norms and constitutional rights endorsed by liberal states. Yet such strategies will be successful only insofar as they can resolve conflicts without either reinforcing women’s subordination within cultural communities or unjustly dismissing calls for cultural recognition and forms of self-governance. To this end, the book develops an approach to mediating cultural tensions that takes seriously the demands for justice by cultural and religious minorities in liberal democratic states. Grounded in an argument for democratic legitimacy, this approach invokes norms of political inclusion and democratic dialogue, and highlights negotiation and compromise as the best vehicles for arriving at resolutions to conflicts of cultural value. However, the book also reconceives the basis of democratic legitimacy so as to include not merely formal expressions of political consent, but also a range of informal democratic activities that occur in the private and social spheres, from acts of cultural reinvention and subversion to outright expressions of dissent and cultural refusal.Less
This book explores the challenges that culturally plural liberal states face when they hold competing political commitments to cultural rights and sexual equality, and advances an argument for resolving such dilemmas through democratic dialogue and negotiation. Exploring recent examples of gendered cultural conflicts in South Africa, Canada, and Britain, this study shows that there is an urgent need for workable strategies to mediate the antagonisms between the cultural practices and arrangements of certain ethno-cultural and religious groups, and the norms and constitutional rights endorsed by liberal states. Yet such strategies will be successful only insofar as they can resolve conflicts without either reinforcing women’s subordination within cultural communities or unjustly dismissing calls for cultural recognition and forms of self-governance. To this end, the book develops an approach to mediating cultural tensions that takes seriously the demands for justice by cultural and religious minorities in liberal democratic states. Grounded in an argument for democratic legitimacy, this approach invokes norms of political inclusion and democratic dialogue, and highlights negotiation and compromise as the best vehicles for arriving at resolutions to conflicts of cultural value. However, the book also reconceives the basis of democratic legitimacy so as to include not merely formal expressions of political consent, but also a range of informal democratic activities that occur in the private and social spheres, from acts of cultural reinvention and subversion to outright expressions of dissent and cultural refusal.
Monique Deveaux
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289790
- eISBN:
- 9780191711022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289790.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
Nowhere are the difficulties of protecting both the right to enjoy one’s culture and the right to sexual equality protections better illuminated than in the case of post-Apartheid South Africa. This ...
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Nowhere are the difficulties of protecting both the right to enjoy one’s culture and the right to sexual equality protections better illuminated than in the case of post-Apartheid South Africa. This chapter discusses efforts to reconcile constitutional recognition of African customary law (and to a lesser extent Muslim personal law) with formal protections for women’s sexual equality. It also presents the debate and consultations over the reform of African customary marriage (in the late 1990s in South Africa) as a good example of open-ended democratic deliberation grounded in principles of democratic legitimacy and political inclusion. It is this kind of model of deliberation that offers up the best solution to conflicts of culture, including those over gender roles, in socially plural, liberal constitutional democracies.Less
Nowhere are the difficulties of protecting both the right to enjoy one’s culture and the right to sexual equality protections better illuminated than in the case of post-Apartheid South Africa. This chapter discusses efforts to reconcile constitutional recognition of African customary law (and to a lesser extent Muslim personal law) with formal protections for women’s sexual equality. It also presents the debate and consultations over the reform of African customary marriage (in the late 1990s in South Africa) as a good example of open-ended democratic deliberation grounded in principles of democratic legitimacy and political inclusion. It is this kind of model of deliberation that offers up the best solution to conflicts of culture, including those over gender roles, in socially plural, liberal constitutional democracies.
Monique Deveaux
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289790
- eISBN:
- 9780191711022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289790.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
How have liberal political theorists grappled with liberal democratic states’ sometimes competing commitments to sexual equality and accommodation of minority cultural groups? This chapter begins by ...
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How have liberal political theorists grappled with liberal democratic states’ sometimes competing commitments to sexual equality and accommodation of minority cultural groups? This chapter begins by offering a critique of the paradigm of toleration as a vehicle for reflecting on the accommodation of cultural minorities. It also engages liberal multiculturalism — work by Will Kymlicka, Brian Barry, and Susan Moller Okin — as well as more laissez-faire approaches to cultural accommodation, such as those of Chandran Kukathas, Jeff Spinner-Halev, and Jorge Valadez, critically evaluating their responses to the challenges presented when cultural arrangements (particularly of non-liberal cultural and religious minorities) conflict with sexual equality.Less
How have liberal political theorists grappled with liberal democratic states’ sometimes competing commitments to sexual equality and accommodation of minority cultural groups? This chapter begins by offering a critique of the paradigm of toleration as a vehicle for reflecting on the accommodation of cultural minorities. It also engages liberal multiculturalism — work by Will Kymlicka, Brian Barry, and Susan Moller Okin — as well as more laissez-faire approaches to cultural accommodation, such as those of Chandran Kukathas, Jeff Spinner-Halev, and Jorge Valadez, critically evaluating their responses to the challenges presented when cultural arrangements (particularly of non-liberal cultural and religious minorities) conflict with sexual equality.
Monique Deveaux
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199289790
- eISBN:
- 9780191711022
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289790.003.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Democratization
This chapter introduces the main problem of the book: the tensions that exist between cultural rights, and accommodation and formal protection for sexual equality in liberal constitutional ...
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This chapter introduces the main problem of the book: the tensions that exist between cultural rights, and accommodation and formal protection for sexual equality in liberal constitutional democracies. It also discusses the unsatisfactory treatment of this problem within much recent mainstream political philosophy, especially liberal theories of multiculturalism and deliberative democracy theory.Less
This chapter introduces the main problem of the book: the tensions that exist between cultural rights, and accommodation and formal protection for sexual equality in liberal constitutional democracies. It also discusses the unsatisfactory treatment of this problem within much recent mainstream political philosophy, especially liberal theories of multiculturalism and deliberative democracy theory.
Avigail Eisenberg
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199291304
- eISBN:
- 9780191710704
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199291304.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Theory
This chapter examines the first sceptical reservation to the public assessment of identity claims, namely that identity claims are incommensurable. The problem of incommensurability rests on the idea ...
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This chapter examines the first sceptical reservation to the public assessment of identity claims, namely that identity claims are incommensurable. The problem of incommensurability rests on the idea that no coherent basis exists upon which to evaluate conflicting views about how identity matters and how it is to be weighed against other putatively fundamental considerations at play in any given conflict. This challenge is explored in relation to conflicts that arise between claims to sexual equality and minority claims to cultural accommodation or autonomy. Two approaches, one of which is rights‐based and the other which focuses on resolving conflicts through democratic processes, often lead to inadequate resolutions. The identity approach is shown to provide a more helpful approach that does not founder on the problem of incommensurability. The chapter compares the three approaches in relation to conflicts about sexist membership rules in Indigenous communities, and in relation to polygamy.Less
This chapter examines the first sceptical reservation to the public assessment of identity claims, namely that identity claims are incommensurable. The problem of incommensurability rests on the idea that no coherent basis exists upon which to evaluate conflicting views about how identity matters and how it is to be weighed against other putatively fundamental considerations at play in any given conflict. This challenge is explored in relation to conflicts that arise between claims to sexual equality and minority claims to cultural accommodation or autonomy. Two approaches, one of which is rights‐based and the other which focuses on resolving conflicts through democratic processes, often lead to inadequate resolutions. The identity approach is shown to provide a more helpful approach that does not founder on the problem of incommensurability. The chapter compares the three approaches in relation to conflicts about sexist membership rules in Indigenous communities, and in relation to polygamy.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270188
- eISBN:
- 9780191600425
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270186.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Challenges two common modern positions on past treatments of women within the Christian tradition, that sexual equality is already present in the New Testament and that attitudes in the later Church, ...
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Challenges two common modern positions on past treatments of women within the Christian tradition, that sexual equality is already present in the New Testament and that attitudes in the later Church, typified by Mary Magdalene as the representative sinner, represented a decline. In place of the former an alternative approach to the justification of sexual equality is canvassed, while many positive features in the western composite figure of Mary Magdalene are noted.Less
Challenges two common modern positions on past treatments of women within the Christian tradition, that sexual equality is already present in the New Testament and that attitudes in the later Church, typified by Mary Magdalene as the representative sinner, represented a decline. In place of the former an alternative approach to the justification of sexual equality is canvassed, while many positive features in the western composite figure of Mary Magdalene are noted.
Claire Gorrara
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199246090
- eISBN:
- 9780191697555
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246090.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature
This book offers an introduction to the post-war French roman noir from a cultural studies perspective. A populist and widely disseminated genre, the French roman noir has suffered from a reputation ...
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This book offers an introduction to the post-war French roman noir from a cultural studies perspective. A populist and widely disseminated genre, the French roman noir has suffered from a reputation as a minor genre with its roots in American popular culture. The book challenges such preconceptions and examines how selected writers have appropriated the roman noir as a critical response to formative concerns and debates in post-war French society. Starting with the first truly French roman noir, Léo Malet's 120 rue de la gare (1943) and concluding with Maud Tabachnik's feminist thriller Un été pourri (1994), this book analyses both texts and film in relation to their specific historical and cultural context. From the heritage of the Second World War and France's wars of decolonisation to the rise of consumer culture and questions of gender and sexual equality, the roman noir operates in dialogue with its times, mediating social change and transformation with stories of crime, transgression, and marginality. All the novelists studied were published initially in popular collections, such as the Série noire, but they have been chosen for the innovation of their work and the exciting ways in which they resist tired conventions and offer new ways of representing social reality.Less
This book offers an introduction to the post-war French roman noir from a cultural studies perspective. A populist and widely disseminated genre, the French roman noir has suffered from a reputation as a minor genre with its roots in American popular culture. The book challenges such preconceptions and examines how selected writers have appropriated the roman noir as a critical response to formative concerns and debates in post-war French society. Starting with the first truly French roman noir, Léo Malet's 120 rue de la gare (1943) and concluding with Maud Tabachnik's feminist thriller Un été pourri (1994), this book analyses both texts and film in relation to their specific historical and cultural context. From the heritage of the Second World War and France's wars of decolonisation to the rise of consumer culture and questions of gender and sexual equality, the roman noir operates in dialogue with its times, mediating social change and transformation with stories of crime, transgression, and marginality. All the novelists studied were published initially in popular collections, such as the Série noire, but they have been chosen for the innovation of their work and the exciting ways in which they resist tired conventions and offer new ways of representing social reality.
Nancy Woloch
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691002590
- eISBN:
- 9781400866366
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691002590.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter assesses Muller v. Oregon (1908), its significance, and the law it upheld: Oregon's ten-hour law of 1903. Convicted of violating Oregon's law of 1903 that barred the employment of women ...
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This chapter assesses Muller v. Oregon (1908), its significance, and the law it upheld: Oregon's ten-hour law of 1903. Convicted of violating Oregon's law of 1903 that barred the employment of women in factories and laundries for more than ten hours a day, Curt Muller—the owner of a Portland laundry—challenged the constitutionality of the law, which he claimed violated his right of freedom to contract under the due process of the Fourteenth Amendment. On February 24, 1908, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the Oregon law. This decision marked a momentous triumph for progressive reformers and a turning point in the movement for protective laws. At the same time, by declaring woman “in a class by herself,” the Supreme Court embedded in constitutional law an axiom of female difference. The Muller decision thus pushed public policy forward toward modern labor standards and simultaneously distanced it from sexual equality.Less
This chapter assesses Muller v. Oregon (1908), its significance, and the law it upheld: Oregon's ten-hour law of 1903. Convicted of violating Oregon's law of 1903 that barred the employment of women in factories and laundries for more than ten hours a day, Curt Muller—the owner of a Portland laundry—challenged the constitutionality of the law, which he claimed violated his right of freedom to contract under the due process of the Fourteenth Amendment. On February 24, 1908, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld the Oregon law. This decision marked a momentous triumph for progressive reformers and a turning point in the movement for protective laws. At the same time, by declaring woman “in a class by herself,” the Supreme Court embedded in constitutional law an axiom of female difference. The Muller decision thus pushed public policy forward toward modern labor standards and simultaneously distanced it from sexual equality.
John Leonard
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199666553
- eISBN:
- 9780191748967
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199666553.003.0010
- Subject:
- Literature, 17th-century and Restoration Literature
Milton has been both deplored as a misogynist and acclaimed as the pre-eminent poet of companionate marriage. This chapter traces the emergence and development of both of these views, as well as ...
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Milton has been both deplored as a misogynist and acclaimed as the pre-eminent poet of companionate marriage. This chapter traces the emergence and development of both of these views, as well as critical responses to prelapsarian lovemaking. Many critics have discussed Milton’s eroticism separately from his sexual politics, but it is a curious fact that the poem’s most bitter or offensive passages are juxtaposed with its most tender professions of love. This chapter asks why this should be so, and argues that critics on both sides of the ‘misogyny’ question have obscured the real issue by either emphasizing or denying Milton’s supposed ‘grudge’ against women. Mary Wollstonecraft offered a more searching criticism when she argued that it is Milton’s love, not hatred, that poses the real threat. The chapter also asks what Milton meant by ‘cheerful conversation’ (in Paradise and the divorce pamphlets), and examines the history of critical responses to angelic lovemaking.Less
Milton has been both deplored as a misogynist and acclaimed as the pre-eminent poet of companionate marriage. This chapter traces the emergence and development of both of these views, as well as critical responses to prelapsarian lovemaking. Many critics have discussed Milton’s eroticism separately from his sexual politics, but it is a curious fact that the poem’s most bitter or offensive passages are juxtaposed with its most tender professions of love. This chapter asks why this should be so, and argues that critics on both sides of the ‘misogyny’ question have obscured the real issue by either emphasizing or denying Milton’s supposed ‘grudge’ against women. Mary Wollstonecraft offered a more searching criticism when she argued that it is Milton’s love, not hatred, that poses the real threat. The chapter also asks what Milton meant by ‘cheerful conversation’ (in Paradise and the divorce pamphlets), and examines the history of critical responses to angelic lovemaking.
Ralph M. Leck
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252040009
- eISBN:
- 9780252098185
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252040009.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Gender and Sexuality
This chapter continues the narrative focus on the Ulrichs–Kertbeny comradeship. Ulrichs' and Kertbeny's campaign for homosexual rights is interpreted as a cultural battle over the civic meaning of ...
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This chapter continues the narrative focus on the Ulrichs–Kertbeny comradeship. Ulrichs' and Kertbeny's campaign for homosexual rights is interpreted as a cultural battle over the civic meaning of truth-claims about nature. Ulrichs based his demand for homosexual rights on the moral authority of nature. In contrast to Victorian amatory codes deriding homosexuality, Ulrichs insisted that there is no such thing as an unnatural love. Kertbeny savaged this logic claiming that references to nature had no place in the political fight for sexual equality. He eventually broke his ties with Ulrichs due to their insoluble disagreement about the strategic function of natural discourses in a post-Prussian politics. Despite their falling out, Ulrichs and Kertbeny both believed that the purpose of sexual science was to inform citizens of the existence of sexual variance.Less
This chapter continues the narrative focus on the Ulrichs–Kertbeny comradeship. Ulrichs' and Kertbeny's campaign for homosexual rights is interpreted as a cultural battle over the civic meaning of truth-claims about nature. Ulrichs based his demand for homosexual rights on the moral authority of nature. In contrast to Victorian amatory codes deriding homosexuality, Ulrichs insisted that there is no such thing as an unnatural love. Kertbeny savaged this logic claiming that references to nature had no place in the political fight for sexual equality. He eventually broke his ties with Ulrichs due to their insoluble disagreement about the strategic function of natural discourses in a post-Prussian politics. Despite their falling out, Ulrichs and Kertbeny both believed that the purpose of sexual science was to inform citizens of the existence of sexual variance.
Bobbi S Low
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- January 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199586073
- eISBN:
- 9780191731358
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Developmental Psychology
As men’s and women’s work and social roles have converged in modern times, questions of gender equity arise: Are women promoted as promptly as comparable men? Paid as well? Here I examine men’s and ...
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As men’s and women’s work and social roles have converged in modern times, questions of gender equity arise: Are women promoted as promptly as comparable men? Paid as well? Here I examine men’s and women’s roles, and the sexual division of labour, first across traditional societies, where divisions of labour are common often do not “favour” either sex. In sexual matters, however, men tend to control and dominate women in traditional societies. In modern nation-states, men’s and women’s opportunities range from essentially indistinguishable (several Scandinavian countries) to favouring men strongly. The level of Human Development Index, calculated by the UNDP, allows calculation of relative equality, both in general social issues, and in political and economic realms; it is strongly correlated with gender equity. In addition, when a major religion exists (i.e., when more than 55% of people are regarded as being of one religions persuasion), large differences can arise.Less
As men’s and women’s work and social roles have converged in modern times, questions of gender equity arise: Are women promoted as promptly as comparable men? Paid as well? Here I examine men’s and women’s roles, and the sexual division of labour, first across traditional societies, where divisions of labour are common often do not “favour” either sex. In sexual matters, however, men tend to control and dominate women in traditional societies. In modern nation-states, men’s and women’s opportunities range from essentially indistinguishable (several Scandinavian countries) to favouring men strongly. The level of Human Development Index, calculated by the UNDP, allows calculation of relative equality, both in general social issues, and in political and economic realms; it is strongly correlated with gender equity. In addition, when a major religion exists (i.e., when more than 55% of people are regarded as being of one religions persuasion), large differences can arise.
David Brown
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198270188
- eISBN:
- 9780191600425
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198270186.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
In this sequel to Tradition and Imagination, Brown continues to argue for an understanding of revelation that takes post‐biblical developments seriously. In the first three ...
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In this sequel to Tradition and Imagination, Brown continues to argue for an understanding of revelation that takes post‐biblical developments seriously. In the first three chapters, changing attitudes in Christian discipleship are explored by taking successively the issue of the equality of the sexes, imitation of the saints and eschatology. It is argued that any assertion of total equality between the sexes cannot be justified on the basis of Scripture alone, and so the move of the medieval Church towards a cult of saints and a heavenly realization of eschatology cannot be condemned simply because the focus is different from Scripture. The middle two chapters then look in detail at two examples of the impact changing experience has had on the formulation of Christian doctrine. This is explored first with respect to attitudes to suffering as these have been mediated across the centuries through interpretations of the Book of Job. Then the treatment of the Virgin Mary is examined, and in particular, the way in which defective christologies have lead to compensating emphases in understandings of Mary's role. Finally, the last two chapters investigate questions of authority and truth. The positive value of conflict in securing recognition of truth is offered as one way of reading Christian history, while great insistence is also placed on the capacity of imaginative, fictive writing to convey truths no less significant than what is offered by more narrowly factual or historical writing.Less
In this sequel to Tradition and Imagination, Brown continues to argue for an understanding of revelation that takes post‐biblical developments seriously. In the first three chapters, changing attitudes in Christian discipleship are explored by taking successively the issue of the equality of the sexes, imitation of the saints and eschatology. It is argued that any assertion of total equality between the sexes cannot be justified on the basis of Scripture alone, and so the move of the medieval Church towards a cult of saints and a heavenly realization of eschatology cannot be condemned simply because the focus is different from Scripture. The middle two chapters then look in detail at two examples of the impact changing experience has had on the formulation of Christian doctrine. This is explored first with respect to attitudes to suffering as these have been mediated across the centuries through interpretations of the Book of Job. Then the treatment of the Virgin Mary is examined, and in particular, the way in which defective christologies have lead to compensating emphases in understandings of Mary's role. Finally, the last two chapters investigate questions of authority and truth. The positive value of conflict in securing recognition of truth is offered as one way of reading Christian history, while great insistence is also placed on the capacity of imaginative, fictive writing to convey truths no less significant than what is offered by more narrowly factual or historical writing.
Julia C. Bullock
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780824866693
- eISBN:
- 9780824876937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824866693.003.0006
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
Although postwar conservatives argued that coeducation was “forced” on Japanese people as part of Occupation-era reforms, in fact a number of progressive Japanese educators began advocating for ...
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Although postwar conservatives argued that coeducation was “forced” on Japanese people as part of Occupation-era reforms, in fact a number of progressive Japanese educators began advocating for coeducation in the early twentieth century. This chapter analyzes the work of one such prominent educator, Koizumi Ikuko (1892–1964), whose seminal book Danjo kyōgakuron (On coeducation, 1931) forwarded a compelling argument for coeducation at a time when the Japanese government sought to reinforce gender differences through sex-segregated education. Koizumi’s advocacy of coeducation was underwritten by a presumption of equality between the sexes that was radical for its time, and remarkable for its anticipation of Occupation-era debates on gender and education that transformed the postwar discursive landscape. Understanding Koizumi’s theories about sexual equality thus helps us to re-think histories of Japanese women during the 1930s that characterize them as compliant with the contemporary “good wife and wise mother” ideology of women’s roles.Less
Although postwar conservatives argued that coeducation was “forced” on Japanese people as part of Occupation-era reforms, in fact a number of progressive Japanese educators began advocating for coeducation in the early twentieth century. This chapter analyzes the work of one such prominent educator, Koizumi Ikuko (1892–1964), whose seminal book Danjo kyōgakuron (On coeducation, 1931) forwarded a compelling argument for coeducation at a time when the Japanese government sought to reinforce gender differences through sex-segregated education. Koizumi’s advocacy of coeducation was underwritten by a presumption of equality between the sexes that was radical for its time, and remarkable for its anticipation of Occupation-era debates on gender and education that transformed the postwar discursive landscape. Understanding Koizumi’s theories about sexual equality thus helps us to re-think histories of Japanese women during the 1930s that characterize them as compliant with the contemporary “good wife and wise mother” ideology of women’s roles.
David O. Brink
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199672141
- eISBN:
- 9780191751257
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672141.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Political Philosophy
In Mill’s Progressive Principles David Brink provides a systematic reconstruction and assessment of John Stuart Mill’s contributions to the utilitarian and liberal traditions by interpreting his ...
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In Mill’s Progressive Principles David Brink provides a systematic reconstruction and assessment of John Stuart Mill’s contributions to the utilitarian and liberal traditions by interpreting his first principles and their application to issues of representative democracy and sexual equality. Brink defends novel interpretations of key elements in Mill’s moral and political philosophy, including his concepts of motivation, happiness, duty, proof, harm and the harm principle, freedom of expression, anti-paternalism, representative democracy and weighted voting, and sexual equality. However, the most distinctive aspect of this account of Mill’s commitments is the case it makes for a perfectionist reading of his conception of happiness and the significance this has for other aspects of his moral and political philosophy. On this perfectionist conception, the chief ingredients of happiness involve the exercise of a person’s capacities for practical deliberation and decision that mark us as progressive beings. Once this perfectionist theme is made explicit, it can be shown to be central to Mill’s views about utilitarianism, liberalism, rights, democratic government, and sexual equality.Less
In Mill’s Progressive Principles David Brink provides a systematic reconstruction and assessment of John Stuart Mill’s contributions to the utilitarian and liberal traditions by interpreting his first principles and their application to issues of representative democracy and sexual equality. Brink defends novel interpretations of key elements in Mill’s moral and political philosophy, including his concepts of motivation, happiness, duty, proof, harm and the harm principle, freedom of expression, anti-paternalism, representative democracy and weighted voting, and sexual equality. However, the most distinctive aspect of this account of Mill’s commitments is the case it makes for a perfectionist reading of his conception of happiness and the significance this has for other aspects of his moral and political philosophy. On this perfectionist conception, the chief ingredients of happiness involve the exercise of a person’s capacities for practical deliberation and decision that mark us as progressive beings. Once this perfectionist theme is made explicit, it can be shown to be central to Mill’s views about utilitarianism, liberalism, rights, democratic government, and sexual equality.
Simone de Beauvoir
Margaret A. Simons and Marybeth Timmermann (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- April 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780252039003
- eISBN:
- 9780252097171
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of Illinois Press
- DOI:
- 10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy
By turns surprising and revelatory, this sixth volume in the Beauvoir series presents newly discovered writings and lectures while providing new translations and contexts for the author's more ...
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By turns surprising and revelatory, this sixth volume in the Beauvoir series presents newly discovered writings and lectures while providing new translations and contexts for the author's more familiar writings. Spanning the author's career from the 1940s through 1986, the pieces explain the paradoxes in her political and feminist stances, including the famous 1972 announcement of a “conversion to feminism” after decades of activism on behalf of women. The book documents and contextualizes the author's thinking, writing, public statements, and activities in the services of causes like French divorce law reform and the rights of women in the Iranian Revolution. In addition, the book provides new insights into the author's complex thinking and illuminates her historic role in linking the movements for sexual freedom, sexual equality, homosexual rights, and women's rights in France.Less
By turns surprising and revelatory, this sixth volume in the Beauvoir series presents newly discovered writings and lectures while providing new translations and contexts for the author's more familiar writings. Spanning the author's career from the 1940s through 1986, the pieces explain the paradoxes in her political and feminist stances, including the famous 1972 announcement of a “conversion to feminism” after decades of activism on behalf of women. The book documents and contextualizes the author's thinking, writing, public statements, and activities in the services of causes like French divorce law reform and the rights of women in the Iranian Revolution. In addition, the book provides new insights into the author's complex thinking and illuminates her historic role in linking the movements for sexual freedom, sexual equality, homosexual rights, and women's rights in France.
Rebecca Clifford, Robert Gildea, and Anette Warring
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- September 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199587513
- eISBN:
- 9780191747557
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587513.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, European Modern History
‘Gender and Sexuality’ (Chapter 9) investigates the tensions between the desire to change the world and the desire to change oneself, or what has been called the politicization of the personal. It ...
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‘Gender and Sexuality’ (Chapter 9) investigates the tensions between the desire to change the world and the desire to change oneself, or what has been called the politicization of the personal. It analyses the tension in the accounts of activists between the desire for sexual liberation and the persistence of sexual inequality. It explores the utopia of political and personal liberation and whether activists thought it possible to campaign for both at the same time. It asks whether men and women could work together towards greater sexual equality, for example in communes, or whether this had to be done separately, through feminist movements and men's groups. Lastly it considers under what circumstances female separatism implied lesbianism and sexual liberation involved gay liberation.Less
‘Gender and Sexuality’ (Chapter 9) investigates the tensions between the desire to change the world and the desire to change oneself, or what has been called the politicization of the personal. It analyses the tension in the accounts of activists between the desire for sexual liberation and the persistence of sexual inequality. It explores the utopia of political and personal liberation and whether activists thought it possible to campaign for both at the same time. It asks whether men and women could work together towards greater sexual equality, for example in communes, or whether this had to be done separately, through feminist movements and men's groups. Lastly it considers under what circumstances female separatism implied lesbianism and sexual liberation involved gay liberation.
Yuji Iwasawa
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198259121
- eISBN:
- 9780191681905
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198259121.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Human Rights and Immigration
The impact international law has had on Japanese law has been substantial, especially in the field of human rights. The author of this volume, one of Japan's leading international lawyers, examines ...
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The impact international law has had on Japanese law has been substantial, especially in the field of human rights. The author of this volume, one of Japan's leading international lawyers, examines extensively the relationship between his country's domestic rules and regulations, and the numerous international treaties and conventions which it has ratified in recent years. Some changes were made to domestic laws in an attempt to make them conform with these international instruments, but individuals went to the courts to try to obtain further necessary modification. Such direct invocations of international law have met with little success, but the laws concerned are often amended at a later date, due to political pressure. The changes in domestic law that such amendments have wrought have improved the human rights situation in Japan, and have led to a growing interest in international law within that country. The author pays particular attention to the laws governing sexual equality, the legal status of aliens, and the treatment of mental health patients, amongst others. The book details the changes that international law has brought in these areas, despite the skepticism of the Japanese courts regarding the validity of international human rights law as a source of law.Less
The impact international law has had on Japanese law has been substantial, especially in the field of human rights. The author of this volume, one of Japan's leading international lawyers, examines extensively the relationship between his country's domestic rules and regulations, and the numerous international treaties and conventions which it has ratified in recent years. Some changes were made to domestic laws in an attempt to make them conform with these international instruments, but individuals went to the courts to try to obtain further necessary modification. Such direct invocations of international law have met with little success, but the laws concerned are often amended at a later date, due to political pressure. The changes in domestic law that such amendments have wrought have improved the human rights situation in Japan, and have led to a growing interest in international law within that country. The author pays particular attention to the laws governing sexual equality, the legal status of aliens, and the treatment of mental health patients, amongst others. The book details the changes that international law has brought in these areas, despite the skepticism of the Japanese courts regarding the validity of international human rights law as a source of law.
Corinne T. Field
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781469618142
- eISBN:
- 9781469618166
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618142.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter examines how female intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic began to fight for a woman's right to govern herself. With the American and French Revolutions as background, it discusses ...
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This chapter examines how female intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic began to fight for a woman's right to govern herself. With the American and French Revolutions as background, it discusses the argument that women could also become adult citizens by analyzing the writings of Abigail Adams, Phillis Wheatley, and Mary Wollstonecraft. More specifically, it assesses the claim by these three women that the lack of any clear transition between dependent girlhood and independent womanhood served as a fundamental barrier to sexual equality. It also considers their emphasis on the maturation of women, including African Americans. The chapter concludes by reflecting on women's rights in comparison with the “rights of babies,” or the argument that women are not capable of making a transition to adulthood on the same terms as men.Less
This chapter examines how female intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic began to fight for a woman's right to govern herself. With the American and French Revolutions as background, it discusses the argument that women could also become adult citizens by analyzing the writings of Abigail Adams, Phillis Wheatley, and Mary Wollstonecraft. More specifically, it assesses the claim by these three women that the lack of any clear transition between dependent girlhood and independent womanhood served as a fundamental barrier to sexual equality. It also considers their emphasis on the maturation of women, including African Americans. The chapter concludes by reflecting on women's rights in comparison with the “rights of babies,” or the argument that women are not capable of making a transition to adulthood on the same terms as men.
Blake Leyerle
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520215580
- eISBN:
- 9780520921634
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520215580.003.0005
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Spiritual marriage was a situation made for comedy. John Chrysostom is vividly aware of the multiple ways in which society mirrors the world of the stage. The joke of spiritual marriage and the way ...
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Spiritual marriage was a situation made for comedy. John Chrysostom is vividly aware of the multiple ways in which society mirrors the world of the stage. The joke of spiritual marriage and the way humor is embedded in social context are discussed. Chrysostom's appropriation of comic technique is obvious in the beginning of his treatise to the men living in spiritual marriage. He begins with the intriguing supposition that the pleasure found in spiritual marriage may actually be greater than that found in conventional marriage. He also exploits the narrow gap between moral exhortation and comedy. The central portion of Chrysostom's pamphlet proceeds through a series of uncoverings proper to comedy as a genre of revelation.Less
Spiritual marriage was a situation made for comedy. John Chrysostom is vividly aware of the multiple ways in which society mirrors the world of the stage. The joke of spiritual marriage and the way humor is embedded in social context are discussed. Chrysostom's appropriation of comic technique is obvious in the beginning of his treatise to the men living in spiritual marriage. He begins with the intriguing supposition that the pleasure found in spiritual marriage may actually be greater than that found in conventional marriage. He also exploits the narrow gap between moral exhortation and comedy. The central portion of Chrysostom's pamphlet proceeds through a series of uncoverings proper to comedy as a genre of revelation.
Timothy B. Weston
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520237674
- eISBN:
- 9780520929906
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520237674.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This chapter argues that Beijing University was characterized by an uneasy, halting embrace of “the new,” and uncertainty as to what, exactly, the consequences were for intellectuals who claimed to ...
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This chapter argues that Beijing University was characterized by an uneasy, halting embrace of “the new,” and uncertainty as to what, exactly, the consequences were for intellectuals who claimed to be committed to New Culture values. It investigates the debates over the proper mission for Beida and how the institution itself should be run; the process by which the university was opened to female students; and the way its intellectuals viewed themselves in relation both to society and to popular cultural tastes. The chapter also shows post-May Fourth Beida's rootedness in the past, and mentions the extent to which the May Fourth Movement did in fact forever change the institution. It then addresses the dialectical relationship between the old culture and the new. The New Culture commitment to sexual equality had not significantly loosened the tenacious hold of traditional mores pertaining to relations between the sexes.Less
This chapter argues that Beijing University was characterized by an uneasy, halting embrace of “the new,” and uncertainty as to what, exactly, the consequences were for intellectuals who claimed to be committed to New Culture values. It investigates the debates over the proper mission for Beida and how the institution itself should be run; the process by which the university was opened to female students; and the way its intellectuals viewed themselves in relation both to society and to popular cultural tastes. The chapter also shows post-May Fourth Beida's rootedness in the past, and mentions the extent to which the May Fourth Movement did in fact forever change the institution. It then addresses the dialectical relationship between the old culture and the new. The New Culture commitment to sexual equality had not significantly loosened the tenacious hold of traditional mores pertaining to relations between the sexes.
