Jill Fields
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520223691
- eISBN:
- 9780520941137
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520223691.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter studies the Western cultural prohibition against women wearing divided garments or trousers. It shows that the association of men with trousers and women with dresses, as well as the ...
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This chapter studies the Western cultural prohibition against women wearing divided garments or trousers. It shows that the association of men with trousers and women with dresses, as well as the importance of separating men and women through a distinction in attire, helped extend the prohibition against trousers even to women's underwear. This is further illustrated in the introduction of women's underpants during the early nineteenth century. These underpants were distinguished from those of men's through the addition of an open crotch. It states that these underpants—or drawers, as they were called during the time—implied and permitted sexual access, which coexisted with the Victorian propriety and its ideology of masculine domination and feminine passionlessness. The chapter then looks at the shift in the meanings of the open crotch underpants that occurred in the 1930s, when women started asserting individual and group claims to sexual pleasure, political power, and economic independence. These underpants became associated with lasciviousness and immodesty.Less
This chapter studies the Western cultural prohibition against women wearing divided garments or trousers. It shows that the association of men with trousers and women with dresses, as well as the importance of separating men and women through a distinction in attire, helped extend the prohibition against trousers even to women's underwear. This is further illustrated in the introduction of women's underpants during the early nineteenth century. These underpants were distinguished from those of men's through the addition of an open crotch. It states that these underpants—or drawers, as they were called during the time—implied and permitted sexual access, which coexisted with the Victorian propriety and its ideology of masculine domination and feminine passionlessness. The chapter then looks at the shift in the meanings of the open crotch underpants that occurred in the 1930s, when women started asserting individual and group claims to sexual pleasure, political power, and economic independence. These underpants became associated with lasciviousness and immodesty.
John C. Avise
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231160605
- eISBN:
- 9780231531450
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231160605.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Evolutionary Biology / Genetics
This chapter examines the impact of alternative gestational modes (i.e. female/male pregnancy and internal/external brooding) on sexual selection and natural selection. In terms of sexual selection, ...
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This chapter examines the impact of alternative gestational modes (i.e. female/male pregnancy and internal/external brooding) on sexual selection and natural selection. In terms of sexual selection, pregnancy amplifies anisogamy as female fecundity in viviparous species is further truncated, thereby making females into even more valuable reproductive resources for which males often compete intensely for sexual access. This sexual asymmetry has various consequences for mating decisions and sexual selection on males versus females. According to molecular markers and genetic parentage analyses, numerous vertebrates and invertebrates that undergo internal female pregnancy or internal/external male pregnancy both reveal a generally low (and similar) number of successful mates per brood regardless of brood size. In terms of natural selection, an overarching theme is that all gestational modes entail moderate parental investment (PI) in offspring. For any species with PI, fitness trade-offs and antagonism between parents and their offspring are inevitable in the procreation process.Less
This chapter examines the impact of alternative gestational modes (i.e. female/male pregnancy and internal/external brooding) on sexual selection and natural selection. In terms of sexual selection, pregnancy amplifies anisogamy as female fecundity in viviparous species is further truncated, thereby making females into even more valuable reproductive resources for which males often compete intensely for sexual access. This sexual asymmetry has various consequences for mating decisions and sexual selection on males versus females. According to molecular markers and genetic parentage analyses, numerous vertebrates and invertebrates that undergo internal female pregnancy or internal/external male pregnancy both reveal a generally low (and similar) number of successful mates per brood regardless of brood size. In terms of natural selection, an overarching theme is that all gestational modes entail moderate parental investment (PI) in offspring. For any species with PI, fitness trade-offs and antagonism between parents and their offspring are inevitable in the procreation process.
Chuan-kang Shih
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- June 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780804761994
- eISBN:
- 9780804773447
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804761994.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Asian Cultural Anthropology
This ethnography details the traditional social and cultural conditions of the Moso, a matrilineal group living on the border of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in southwest China. Among the Moso, a ...
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This ethnography details the traditional social and cultural conditions of the Moso, a matrilineal group living on the border of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in southwest China. Among the Moso, a majority of the adult population practice a visiting system called tisese instead of marriage as the normal sexual and reproductive institution. Until recently, tisese was noncontractual, nonobligatory, and nonexclusive. Partners lived and worked in separate households. The only prerequisite for a tisese relationship was a mutual agreement between the man and the woman to allow sexual access to each other. In a comprehensive account, this book explores this unique practice specifically, and offers thorough documentation, fine-grained analysis, and an engaging discussion of the people, history, and structure of Moso society. This book draws on extensive fieldwork, conducted from 1987 to 2006.Less
This ethnography details the traditional social and cultural conditions of the Moso, a matrilineal group living on the border of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in southwest China. Among the Moso, a majority of the adult population practice a visiting system called tisese instead of marriage as the normal sexual and reproductive institution. Until recently, tisese was noncontractual, nonobligatory, and nonexclusive. Partners lived and worked in separate households. The only prerequisite for a tisese relationship was a mutual agreement between the man and the woman to allow sexual access to each other. In a comprehensive account, this book explores this unique practice specifically, and offers thorough documentation, fine-grained analysis, and an engaging discussion of the people, history, and structure of Moso society. This book draws on extensive fieldwork, conducted from 1987 to 2006.
