Sarah Kay
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198151920
- eISBN:
- 9780191672903
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198151920.001.0001
- Subject:
- Literature, Early and Medieval Literature, European Literature
This is a major reassessment of the relation between the medieval French chansons de geste and the romance genre. Critics have traditionally seen romance as a superior development of the chanson de ...
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This is a major reassessment of the relation between the medieval French chansons de geste and the romance genre. Critics have traditionally seen romance as a superior development of the chanson de geste. The chansons de geste are seen as ‘formulaic’, composed from a public fund of pre-existant and primarily oral narratives and motifs; romance on the other hand, is seen as a more sophisticated product of a newly ‘literary’ story-telling, in line with the more complex social and political conditions of the time. The author rejects this ‘developmental’ model of literary history and, through detailed readings of large numbers of texts – from the well-known Renaut de Montauban or Raoul de Cambrai to the unjustly neglected Doon de la Roche or Orson de Beauvais – reveals the simultaneity of the chansons de geste and romance in medieval culture. Drawing tellingly on recent literary and feminist theory, the author argues that the chanson de geste and romance are engaged in a productive and telling dialogue; moreover, each genre illuminates the ‘political unconscious’ of the other: those political conflicts and contradictions that the text attempts to evade and disguise. In particular, the author contends that romance brings with it new forms of sexism and patriarchy – forms much closer to those of the present – and that these need to be read against the politics of sexual difference inscribed in chansons de geste.Less
This is a major reassessment of the relation between the medieval French chansons de geste and the romance genre. Critics have traditionally seen romance as a superior development of the chanson de geste. The chansons de geste are seen as ‘formulaic’, composed from a public fund of pre-existant and primarily oral narratives and motifs; romance on the other hand, is seen as a more sophisticated product of a newly ‘literary’ story-telling, in line with the more complex social and political conditions of the time. The author rejects this ‘developmental’ model of literary history and, through detailed readings of large numbers of texts – from the well-known Renaut de Montauban or Raoul de Cambrai to the unjustly neglected Doon de la Roche or Orson de Beauvais – reveals the simultaneity of the chansons de geste and romance in medieval culture. Drawing tellingly on recent literary and feminist theory, the author argues that the chanson de geste and romance are engaged in a productive and telling dialogue; moreover, each genre illuminates the ‘political unconscious’ of the other: those political conflicts and contradictions that the text attempts to evade and disguise. In particular, the author contends that romance brings with it new forms of sexism and patriarchy – forms much closer to those of the present – and that these need to be read against the politics of sexual difference inscribed in chansons de geste.
Sarah Azaransky
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- September 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199744817
- eISBN:
- 9780199897308
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199744817.001.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Pauli Murray (1910–85) was a poet, lawyer, activist, and priest, as well as a significant figure in the civil rights and women's movements. Throughout her careers and activism, Murray espoused faith ...
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Pauli Murray (1910–85) was a poet, lawyer, activist, and priest, as well as a significant figure in the civil rights and women's movements. Throughout her careers and activism, Murray espoused faith in an American democracy that is partially present and yet to come. In the 1940s Murray was in the vanguard of black activists to use nonviolent direct action. A decade before the Montgomery bus boycott, Murray organized sit-ins of segregated restaurants in Washington D.C. and was arrested for sitting in the front section of a bus in Virginia. Murray pioneered the category Jane Crow to describe discrimination she experienced as a result of racism and sexism. She used Jane Crow in the 1960s to expand equal protection provisions for African American women. A co-founder of the National Organization of Women, Murray insisted on the interrelation of all human rights. Her professional and personal relationships included major figures in the ongoing struggle for civil rights for all Americans, including Thurgood Marshall and Eleanor Roosevelt. In seminary in the 1970s, Murray developed a black feminist critique of emerging black male and white feminist theologies. After becoming the first African American woman Episcopal priest in 1977, Murray emphasized the particularity of African American women's experiences, while proclaiming a universal message of salvation. This book examines Murray's substantial body of published writings as well personal letters, journals, and unpublished manuscripts. The book traces the development of Murray's thought over fifty years, ranging from her theologically rich democratic criticism of the 1930s to her democratically inflected sermons of the 1980s.Less
Pauli Murray (1910–85) was a poet, lawyer, activist, and priest, as well as a significant figure in the civil rights and women's movements. Throughout her careers and activism, Murray espoused faith in an American democracy that is partially present and yet to come. In the 1940s Murray was in the vanguard of black activists to use nonviolent direct action. A decade before the Montgomery bus boycott, Murray organized sit-ins of segregated restaurants in Washington D.C. and was arrested for sitting in the front section of a bus in Virginia. Murray pioneered the category Jane Crow to describe discrimination she experienced as a result of racism and sexism. She used Jane Crow in the 1960s to expand equal protection provisions for African American women. A co-founder of the National Organization of Women, Murray insisted on the interrelation of all human rights. Her professional and personal relationships included major figures in the ongoing struggle for civil rights for all Americans, including Thurgood Marshall and Eleanor Roosevelt. In seminary in the 1970s, Murray developed a black feminist critique of emerging black male and white feminist theologies. After becoming the first African American woman Episcopal priest in 1977, Murray emphasized the particularity of African American women's experiences, while proclaiming a universal message of salvation. This book examines Murray's substantial body of published writings as well personal letters, journals, and unpublished manuscripts. The book traces the development of Murray's thought over fifty years, ranging from her theologically rich democratic criticism of the 1930s to her democratically inflected sermons of the 1980s.
José Medina
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199929023
- eISBN:
- 9780199301522
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199929023.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Feminist Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This book explores the epistemic side of oppression, focusing on racial and sexual oppression and their interconnections. It elucidates how social insensitivities and imposed silences prevent members ...
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This book explores the epistemic side of oppression, focusing on racial and sexual oppression and their interconnections. It elucidates how social insensitivities and imposed silences prevent members of different groups from interacting epistemically in fruitful ways—from listening to each other, learning from each other, and mutually enriching each other’s perspectives. Medina’s epistemology of resistance offers a contextualist theory of our complicity with epistemic injustices and a social connection model of shared responsibility for improving epistemic conditions of participation in social practices. Through the articulation of a new interactionism and polyphonic contextualism, the book develops a sustained argument about the role of the imagination in mediating social perceptions and interactions. It concludes that only through the cultivation of practices of resistance can we develop a social imagination that can help us become sensitive to the suffering of excluded and stigmatized subjects. Drawing on Feminist Standpoint Theory and Critical Race Theory, this book makes contributions to social epistemology and to recent discussions of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice, epistemic responsibility, counter-performativity, and solidarity in the fight against racism and sexism.Less
This book explores the epistemic side of oppression, focusing on racial and sexual oppression and their interconnections. It elucidates how social insensitivities and imposed silences prevent members of different groups from interacting epistemically in fruitful ways—from listening to each other, learning from each other, and mutually enriching each other’s perspectives. Medina’s epistemology of resistance offers a contextualist theory of our complicity with epistemic injustices and a social connection model of shared responsibility for improving epistemic conditions of participation in social practices. Through the articulation of a new interactionism and polyphonic contextualism, the book develops a sustained argument about the role of the imagination in mediating social perceptions and interactions. It concludes that only through the cultivation of practices of resistance can we develop a social imagination that can help us become sensitive to the suffering of excluded and stigmatized subjects. Drawing on Feminist Standpoint Theory and Critical Race Theory, this book makes contributions to social epistemology and to recent discussions of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice, epistemic responsibility, counter-performativity, and solidarity in the fight against racism and sexism.
Cheshire Calhoun
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199257669
- eISBN:
- 9780191598906
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199257663.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, Political Theory
The positive arguments for same‐sex marriage are discussed. The first argument links marriage rights to a normative ideal of long‐term, monogamous, sexually faithful intimacy, and defends marriage ...
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The positive arguments for same‐sex marriage are discussed. The first argument links marriage rights to a normative ideal of long‐term, monogamous, sexually faithful intimacy, and defends marriage rights based on the value of that ideal. The second argument presses the connection between homophobia and sexism, stressing the way that securing same‐sex marriage rights might reduce sexism. The third argument links the denial of marriage rights to the cultural construction of gay men and lesbians as outsiders to the family, who are for that reason defective citizens. In pursuing this third line of argument, the US House and Senate arguments supporting the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) of 1996 are addressed.Less
The positive arguments for same‐sex marriage are discussed. The first argument links marriage rights to a normative ideal of long‐term, monogamous, sexually faithful intimacy, and defends marriage rights based on the value of that ideal. The second argument presses the connection between homophobia and sexism, stressing the way that securing same‐sex marriage rights might reduce sexism. The third argument links the denial of marriage rights to the cultural construction of gay men and lesbians as outsiders to the family, who are for that reason defective citizens. In pursuing this third line of argument, the US House and Senate arguments supporting the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) of 1996 are addressed.
Shauna Pomerantz and Rebecca Raby
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520284142
- eISBN:
- 9780520959798
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520284142.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Gender Studies
Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that ...
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Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that girls now play on an equal playing field so have nothing to complain about. But contrary to the widespread belief that girls have surpassed the need for support because they are ‘doing well’ in school, smart girls struggle in ways that have been made invisible. Why do some girls choose to dumb down? How do smart girls handle being labeled ‘nerd’ or ‘loner? How do they deal with stress, including the ‘Supergirl’ drive for perfection? How are race and class part of smart girls’ negotiations of academic success? And how do smart girls engage with the sexism that is still present in schools, in spite of messages to the contrary? Set against the powerful backdrops of post-feminism and neo-liberalism where girls are told they now ‘have it all’, Smart Girls sheds light on girls’ varied everyday experiences, strategic negotiations of traditional gender norms, and the savoring of success – all while keeping their eyes on an A+ and a bright future.Less
Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that girls now play on an equal playing field so have nothing to complain about. But contrary to the widespread belief that girls have surpassed the need for support because they are ‘doing well’ in school, smart girls struggle in ways that have been made invisible. Why do some girls choose to dumb down? How do smart girls handle being labeled ‘nerd’ or ‘loner? How do they deal with stress, including the ‘Supergirl’ drive for perfection? How are race and class part of smart girls’ negotiations of academic success? And how do smart girls engage with the sexism that is still present in schools, in spite of messages to the contrary? Set against the powerful backdrops of post-feminism and neo-liberalism where girls are told they now ‘have it all’, Smart Girls sheds light on girls’ varied everyday experiences, strategic negotiations of traditional gender norms, and the savoring of success – all while keeping their eyes on an A+ and a bright future.
Deborah Beth Creamer
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195369151
- eISBN:
- 9780199871193
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195369151.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology, Religion and Society
This chapter adds complexity to descriptions of disability by introducing distinctions between “impairment,” “disability,” and “handicap.” It also describes the diversity of experiences located ...
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This chapter adds complexity to descriptions of disability by introducing distinctions between “impairment,” “disability,” and “handicap.” It also describes the diversity of experiences located within the category “disabled” and observes the ways in which other identity characteristics intersect with disability, as in the case of sexism. A brief overview of disability activism and the academic discipline of disability studies is included. Particular attention is given to description of three models of disability: the medical or functional-limitation model, where attention is focused around what one can or cannot physically or functionally do; the social or minority group model, in which shared experiences of discrimination and oppression are emphasized; and the limits model, which encourages engagement in critical reflection on embodied experience, and offers a way to think about the limits of each person and situation and of what such limits may enable or make difficult.Less
This chapter adds complexity to descriptions of disability by introducing distinctions between “impairment,” “disability,” and “handicap.” It also describes the diversity of experiences located within the category “disabled” and observes the ways in which other identity characteristics intersect with disability, as in the case of sexism. A brief overview of disability activism and the academic discipline of disability studies is included. Particular attention is given to description of three models of disability: the medical or functional-limitation model, where attention is focused around what one can or cannot physically or functionally do; the social or minority group model, in which shared experiences of discrimination and oppression are emphasized; and the limits model, which encourages engagement in critical reflection on embodied experience, and offers a way to think about the limits of each person and situation and of what such limits may enable or make difficult.
James Charlton
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520207950
- eISBN:
- 9780520925441
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520207950.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Medical Anthropology
This book is a ringing indictment of disability oppression, which, it states, is rooted in degradation, dependency, and powerlessness and is experienced in some form by five hundred million persons ...
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This book is a ringing indictment of disability oppression, which, it states, is rooted in degradation, dependency, and powerlessness and is experienced in some form by five hundred million persons throughout the world who have physical, sensory, cognitive, or developmental disabilities. This book provides a theoretical overview of disability oppression that shows its similarities to, and differences from, racism, sexism, and colonialism. The book's analysis is illuminated by interviews conducted over a ten-year period with disability rights activists throughout the Third World, Europe, and the United States. The book finds an antidote for dependency and powerlessness in the resistance to disability oppression that is emerging worldwide. The interviews contain stories of self-reliance and empowerment evoking the new consciousness of disability rights activists. As a latecomer among the world's liberation movements, the disability rights movement will gain visibility and momentum from the elucidation of its history and its political philosophy of self-determination, which is captured in the title of the book. The book expresses the conviction of people with disabilities that they know what is best for them.Less
This book is a ringing indictment of disability oppression, which, it states, is rooted in degradation, dependency, and powerlessness and is experienced in some form by five hundred million persons throughout the world who have physical, sensory, cognitive, or developmental disabilities. This book provides a theoretical overview of disability oppression that shows its similarities to, and differences from, racism, sexism, and colonialism. The book's analysis is illuminated by interviews conducted over a ten-year period with disability rights activists throughout the Third World, Europe, and the United States. The book finds an antidote for dependency and powerlessness in the resistance to disability oppression that is emerging worldwide. The interviews contain stories of self-reliance and empowerment evoking the new consciousness of disability rights activists. As a latecomer among the world's liberation movements, the disability rights movement will gain visibility and momentum from the elucidation of its history and its political philosophy of self-determination, which is captured in the title of the book. The book expresses the conviction of people with disabilities that they know what is best for them.
Jennifer Pierce
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520201071
- eISBN:
- 9780520916401
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520201071.001.0001
- Subject:
- Anthropology, American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology
This ethnography examines the gendered nature of today's large corporate law firms. Although increasing numbers of women have become lawyers in the past decade, this book discovers that the double ...
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This ethnography examines the gendered nature of today's large corporate law firms. Although increasing numbers of women have become lawyers in the past decade, this book discovers that the double standards and sexist attitudes of legal bureaucracies are a continuing problem for women lawyers and paralegals. Working as a paralegal, ethnographic research was carried out in two law offices, its depiction of the legal world is quite unlike the glamorized version seen on television. The book portrays the dilemma that female attorneys face: A woman using tough, aggressive tactics—the ideal combative litigator—is often regarded as brash or even obnoxious by her male colleagues, yet any lack of toughness would mark her as ineffective. Women paralegals also face a double bind in corporate law firms. While lawyers depend on paralegals for important work, they also expect these women—for most paralegals are women—to nurture them and affirm their superior status in the office hierarchy. Paralegals who mother their bosses experience increasing personal exploitation, while those who do not face criticism and professional sanction. Male paralegals, the book finds, do not encounter the same difficulties that female paralegals do. The book argues that this gendered division of labor benefits men politically, economically, and personally. However, it finds that women lawyers and paralegals develop creative strategies for resisting and disrupting the male-dominated status quo.Less
This ethnography examines the gendered nature of today's large corporate law firms. Although increasing numbers of women have become lawyers in the past decade, this book discovers that the double standards and sexist attitudes of legal bureaucracies are a continuing problem for women lawyers and paralegals. Working as a paralegal, ethnographic research was carried out in two law offices, its depiction of the legal world is quite unlike the glamorized version seen on television. The book portrays the dilemma that female attorneys face: A woman using tough, aggressive tactics—the ideal combative litigator—is often regarded as brash or even obnoxious by her male colleagues, yet any lack of toughness would mark her as ineffective. Women paralegals also face a double bind in corporate law firms. While lawyers depend on paralegals for important work, they also expect these women—for most paralegals are women—to nurture them and affirm their superior status in the office hierarchy. Paralegals who mother their bosses experience increasing personal exploitation, while those who do not face criticism and professional sanction. Male paralegals, the book finds, do not encounter the same difficulties that female paralegals do. The book argues that this gendered division of labor benefits men politically, economically, and personally. However, it finds that women lawyers and paralegals develop creative strategies for resisting and disrupting the male-dominated status quo.
Susan Wolf
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780198289647
- eISBN:
- 9780191596698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198289642.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Development, Growth, and Environmental
Wolf endorses Martha Nussbaum's stance and offers constructive criticism of some of its ambiguities and complications. Wolf's caveats point out that (1) Nussbaum's discussion of ‘human beings’ (as ...
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Wolf endorses Martha Nussbaum's stance and offers constructive criticism of some of its ambiguities and complications. Wolf's caveats point out that (1) Nussbaum's discussion of ‘human beings’ (as opposed to ‘persons’) unnecessarily risks biology‐linked issues of speciesism and sexism; (2) Nussbaum's list of essential human capabilities needs clarification in its application to avoid misdirected objections; (3) Nussbaum's development ethic require further elaboration to meet questions of how to set priorities and make trade‐offs among people or goods; and (4) Nussbaum's one‐humanity‐fits‐all claim does not capture the historical and cultural contingency and inevitability of gender differentiation.Less
Wolf endorses Martha Nussbaum's stance and offers constructive criticism of some of its ambiguities and complications. Wolf's caveats point out that (1) Nussbaum's discussion of ‘human beings’ (as opposed to ‘persons’) unnecessarily risks biology‐linked issues of speciesism and sexism; (2) Nussbaum's list of essential human capabilities needs clarification in its application to avoid misdirected objections; (3) Nussbaum's development ethic require further elaboration to meet questions of how to set priorities and make trade‐offs among people or goods; and (4) Nussbaum's one‐humanity‐fits‐all claim does not capture the historical and cultural contingency and inevitability of gender differentiation.
Arnfríður Guðmundsdóttir
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195397963
- eISBN:
- 9780199827206
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195397963.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society, Philosophy of Religion
This chapter explores the three major issues of feminist theology: the role of women’s experience, the patriarchal bias of the Christian tradition, and sexism in our God-language. Given the feminist ...
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This chapter explores the three major issues of feminist theology: the role of women’s experience, the patriarchal bias of the Christian tradition, and sexism in our God-language. Given the feminist evaluation of the role and meaning of experience, as well as the patriarchal bias of the Christian tradition and God-language, feminist theologians have emphasized the need for a feminist reconstruction also of that part of the Christian tradition devoted to the person and work of Jesus Christ. Still others have deemed the Christological doctrines irretrievable because of their patriarchal bias.Less
This chapter explores the three major issues of feminist theology: the role of women’s experience, the patriarchal bias of the Christian tradition, and sexism in our God-language. Given the feminist evaluation of the role and meaning of experience, as well as the patriarchal bias of the Christian tradition and God-language, feminist theologians have emphasized the need for a feminist reconstruction also of that part of the Christian tradition devoted to the person and work of Jesus Christ. Still others have deemed the Christological doctrines irretrievable because of their patriarchal bias.
Samira Aghacy
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781474466752
- eISBN:
- 9781474491235
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474466752.001.0001
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
There are more than 15 million people over age 65 currently living in the Arab world, yet little attention has been paid to the cultural significance of growing old. The book recognizes the ...
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There are more than 15 million people over age 65 currently living in the Arab world, yet little attention has been paid to the cultural significance of growing old. The book recognizes the widespread silence by countering the critical corpus that reads the modern Arabic novel as a political discourse with an emphasis on youth achievement. By offering close readings of 16 fictional works from different parts of the Arab world such as novels by Alia Mamdouh, Sahar Khalifah, Iman Kachachi, Rashid al-Daif and Alaa al-Aswany, the study utilizes biological and cultural theories of ageing- particularly from the perspective of gender and feminism- that shed light on the representation of ageing in the Arabic novel. The study makes use of feminist theories of ageing and gerontology that focus on sexism and ageism, including works by Simone de Beauvoir and Margaret Marganroth Gullette to present aging as a relational formation between men and women, and their idiosyncratic experiences of the process of ageing, revealing that there is no prototype of oldness in the Arabic novel and that older men and women manifest a multiplicity of identities, concerns and experiences. The study challenges the ungendered image generally attributed to older persons and examines how they navigate old age and subvert it. As they grow older men and women manifest a multiplicity of identities, concerns, and experiences revealing that the ageing process is an ongoing inherently unstable project.Less
There are more than 15 million people over age 65 currently living in the Arab world, yet little attention has been paid to the cultural significance of growing old. The book recognizes the widespread silence by countering the critical corpus that reads the modern Arabic novel as a political discourse with an emphasis on youth achievement. By offering close readings of 16 fictional works from different parts of the Arab world such as novels by Alia Mamdouh, Sahar Khalifah, Iman Kachachi, Rashid al-Daif and Alaa al-Aswany, the study utilizes biological and cultural theories of ageing- particularly from the perspective of gender and feminism- that shed light on the representation of ageing in the Arabic novel. The study makes use of feminist theories of ageing and gerontology that focus on sexism and ageism, including works by Simone de Beauvoir and Margaret Marganroth Gullette to present aging as a relational formation between men and women, and their idiosyncratic experiences of the process of ageing, revealing that there is no prototype of oldness in the Arabic novel and that older men and women manifest a multiplicity of identities, concerns and experiences. The study challenges the ungendered image generally attributed to older persons and examines how they navigate old age and subvert it. As they grow older men and women manifest a multiplicity of identities, concerns, and experiences revealing that the ageing process is an ongoing inherently unstable project.
Paul Waldau
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195145717
- eISBN:
- 9780199834792
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195145712.003.0004
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
Criticisms of “speciesism” by various philosophers are engaged to provide a test for assessing limitations of the notion generally. Analogies of speciesism to racism and sexism are evaluated. The ...
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Criticisms of “speciesism” by various philosophers are engaged to provide a test for assessing limitations of the notion generally. Analogies of speciesism to racism and sexism are evaluated. The notion of “persons” is discussed in terms of Immanuel Kant's division of persons and things. Duty of inquiry as an obligation of ethics, and the notion of “species loyalty” or “species bond” is analyzed as a cultural artifact or conventionalism.Less
Criticisms of “speciesism” by various philosophers are engaged to provide a test for assessing limitations of the notion generally. Analogies of speciesism to racism and sexism are evaluated. The notion of “persons” is discussed in terms of Immanuel Kant's division of persons and things. Duty of inquiry as an obligation of ethics, and the notion of “species loyalty” or “species bond” is analyzed as a cultural artifact or conventionalism.
Angela Frattarola
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780813056074
- eISBN:
- 9780813053868
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University Press of Florida
- DOI:
- 10.5744/florida/9780813056074.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 20th-century Literature and Modernism
Modernist Soundscapes encourages the reader to become receptive to the arousal of the inner ear that the modernist novel so often elicits. The novels discussed are aligned with the modernist ...
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Modernist Soundscapes encourages the reader to become receptive to the arousal of the inner ear that the modernist novel so often elicits. The novels discussed are aligned with the modernist movement, where there is a sincere drive to record the seemingly insignificant details of life, the psychological oscillations of the mind, and heightened moments—epiphanies—in the ordinary. Modernist Soundscapes shows how these gradual and small changes in auditory perception may have prompted modernist writers to take up the challenge of making their narratives auditory. Celebrating the breaking of literary conventions, as well as of the dominant ideologies of patriotism, sexism, and classism, modernists made music from the noises crashing around them.Less
Modernist Soundscapes encourages the reader to become receptive to the arousal of the inner ear that the modernist novel so often elicits. The novels discussed are aligned with the modernist movement, where there is a sincere drive to record the seemingly insignificant details of life, the psychological oscillations of the mind, and heightened moments—epiphanies—in the ordinary. Modernist Soundscapes shows how these gradual and small changes in auditory perception may have prompted modernist writers to take up the challenge of making their narratives auditory. Celebrating the breaking of literary conventions, as well as of the dominant ideologies of patriotism, sexism, and classism, modernists made music from the noises crashing around them.
Mina Cikara, Tiane L. Lee, Susan T. Fiske, and Peter Glick
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780195320916
- eISBN:
- 9780199869541
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.003.018
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
According to ambivalent sexism theory, sexism combines complementary gender ideologies, held by both men and women worldwide, which serve to justify social hierarchy. This chapter reviews how ...
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According to ambivalent sexism theory, sexism combines complementary gender ideologies, held by both men and women worldwide, which serve to justify social hierarchy. This chapter reviews how benevolent and hostile attitudes toward women operate in concert to ultimately maintain gender inequity. Research specifically targets the relationship between sexism and system justification as endorsed and enacted by men and women. Hostile and benevolent beliefs map onto widely held prescriptions and proscriptions for men and women; these beliefs shape men’s and women’s interactions in the private sphere (i.e., the home, close relationships). Finally, these system justifying beliefs extend to the workplace and impede women from progressing in the public sphere.Less
According to ambivalent sexism theory, sexism combines complementary gender ideologies, held by both men and women worldwide, which serve to justify social hierarchy. This chapter reviews how benevolent and hostile attitudes toward women operate in concert to ultimately maintain gender inequity. Research specifically targets the relationship between sexism and system justification as endorsed and enacted by men and women. Hostile and benevolent beliefs map onto widely held prescriptions and proscriptions for men and women; these beliefs shape men’s and women’s interactions in the private sphere (i.e., the home, close relationships). Finally, these system justifying beliefs extend to the workplace and impede women from progressing in the public sphere.
Winifred Breines
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195179040
- eISBN:
- 9780199788583
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179040.003.0002
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
The Student Non-Violent Coordingating Committee (SNCC) began as a southern, primarily black, nonviolent, integrationist organization devoted to racial justice and equality. After four years of ...
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The Student Non-Violent Coordingating Committee (SNCC) began as a southern, primarily black, nonviolent, integrationist organization devoted to racial justice and equality. After four years of organizing amidst violent racism, in the summer of 1964, called Freedom Summer, they accepted 800 volunteers, most of them white and from the north, to help in Mississippi. But in the midst of this interracial experiment, gender tensions arose in the SNCC, primarily because of the women's different class and race backgrounds. Young white and young black women's expectations and perceptions were often different. By the end of the summer, blacks were moving away from whites toward Black Power and toward a black SNCC. Nevertheless, women had often worked well together in adversity and unfamiliarity; they had connected across race, but they simultaneously recognized, sometimes bitterly, that differences separated them.Less
The Student Non-Violent Coordingating Committee (SNCC) began as a southern, primarily black, nonviolent, integrationist organization devoted to racial justice and equality. After four years of organizing amidst violent racism, in the summer of 1964, called Freedom Summer, they accepted 800 volunteers, most of them white and from the north, to help in Mississippi. But in the midst of this interracial experiment, gender tensions arose in the SNCC, primarily because of the women's different class and race backgrounds. Young white and young black women's expectations and perceptions were often different. By the end of the summer, blacks were moving away from whites toward Black Power and toward a black SNCC. Nevertheless, women had often worked well together in adversity and unfamiliarity; they had connected across race, but they simultaneously recognized, sometimes bitterly, that differences separated them.
Winifred Breines
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195179040
- eISBN:
- 9780199788583
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179040.003.0004
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
Rejecting male sexism in the primarily youthful white antiwar and new left movements, radical white women left to build their own autonomous movement, feminism. Socialist feminists, like Bread and ...
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Rejecting male sexism in the primarily youthful white antiwar and new left movements, radical white women left to build their own autonomous movement, feminism. Socialist feminists, like Bread and Roses in Boston, were anticapitalist and antiracist, and hoped to build an interracial movement. They tried to organize working class and women of color but were not successful. Starting from a position of abstract anti-racism, white women learned, primarily from women of color, how race and class shaped gender. While they had originally believed that sisterhood is powerful and that gender is an overriding category, they learned that solidarity between women of different races and classes was not as simple as it appeared.Less
Rejecting male sexism in the primarily youthful white antiwar and new left movements, radical white women left to build their own autonomous movement, feminism. Socialist feminists, like Bread and Roses in Boston, were anticapitalist and antiracist, and hoped to build an interracial movement. They tried to organize working class and women of color but were not successful. Starting from a position of abstract anti-racism, white women learned, primarily from women of color, how race and class shaped gender. While they had originally believed that sisterhood is powerful and that gender is an overriding category, they learned that solidarity between women of different races and classes was not as simple as it appeared.
Michelle Madden Dempsey
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199562169
- eISBN:
- 9780191705298
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562169.003.0007
- Subject:
- Law, Philosophy of Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
This chapter offers an account of patriarchy, understood here as a wrongful structural inequality against which feminism is concerned to act. By providing an account of what being patriarchal means, ...
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This chapter offers an account of patriarchy, understood here as a wrongful structural inequality against which feminism is concerned to act. By providing an account of what being patriarchal means, it seeks to illuminate by contrast what it means to be feminist, and thus to clarify the book's overarching thesis that ceteris paribus domestic-violence prosecutors should be feminists. After setting its discussion within the context of intersectionality discourse, the chapter proceeds to unpack the wrongness of patriarchy in terms of its tendency to limit systematically women's access to options that are critical to the success of their lives. This tendency is elaborated by way of a tripartite analysis in which it is claimed that patriarchy may consist in sex discrimination (denying valuable options to women based on misconceptions), sexism (denying valuable options based on a failure to value women), and/or misogyny (malicious securing disvalue for women).Less
This chapter offers an account of patriarchy, understood here as a wrongful structural inequality against which feminism is concerned to act. By providing an account of what being patriarchal means, it seeks to illuminate by contrast what it means to be feminist, and thus to clarify the book's overarching thesis that ceteris paribus domestic-violence prosecutors should be feminists. After setting its discussion within the context of intersectionality discourse, the chapter proceeds to unpack the wrongness of patriarchy in terms of its tendency to limit systematically women's access to options that are critical to the success of their lives. This tendency is elaborated by way of a tripartite analysis in which it is claimed that patriarchy may consist in sex discrimination (denying valuable options to women based on misconceptions), sexism (denying valuable options based on a failure to value women), and/or misogyny (malicious securing disvalue for women).
Frank Noack
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780813167008
- eISBN:
- 9780813167794
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University Press of Kentucky
- DOI:
- 10.5810/kentucky/9780813167008.001.0001
- Subject:
- Film, Television and Radio, Film
Veit Harlan has often been called “the male Leni Riefenstahl,” but he poses a much bigger challenge for the biographer because he directed a frighteningly effective anti-Semitic hate picture, Jud ...
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Veit Harlan has often been called “the male Leni Riefenstahl,” but he poses a much bigger challenge for the biographer because he directed a frighteningly effective anti-Semitic hate picture, Jud Süss (1940), for which he had to defend himself in two trials. A detailed portrait of him raises the question whether it is permitted to appreciate the artistic talents of a man who actively supported the Nazi regime’s genocidal politics. There is no precedent for this challenge because none of the leading Nazi criminals produced enduring works of art, whereas Harlan did. Moral questions inevitably arise throughout the book, but another task is the portrait of a man whose function in Nazi Germany didn’t fit into the familiar villain/hero/victim scenario. Harlan was the product of Weimar Germany’s leftist youth movement and after 1933 managed to combine opportunism with a passionate individualism. The body of work he left is intriguing not despite but because of his moral flaws: his mysticism, sentimentality, and sexism as well as, above all, the perception of himself as a philosopher-artist. His preferred genre was melodrama, a canon that deserves to be expanded beyond the films of Douglas Sirk and Frank Borzage. As someone who chiefly addressed female audiences and who allowed his actress-wife Kristina Söderbaum to dominate his oeuvre with her child-bride persona, Harlan is of interest to women’s studies and, with its recurring transgender motives, gay studies as well. Many stimulating articles have been written about individual Harlan films, but so far no one has analyzed them in the context of his biography. The research for this book includes discussions with dozens of people who worked with Harlan or watched all his films, half of which have never been before been analyzed in any language.Less
Veit Harlan has often been called “the male Leni Riefenstahl,” but he poses a much bigger challenge for the biographer because he directed a frighteningly effective anti-Semitic hate picture, Jud Süss (1940), for which he had to defend himself in two trials. A detailed portrait of him raises the question whether it is permitted to appreciate the artistic talents of a man who actively supported the Nazi regime’s genocidal politics. There is no precedent for this challenge because none of the leading Nazi criminals produced enduring works of art, whereas Harlan did. Moral questions inevitably arise throughout the book, but another task is the portrait of a man whose function in Nazi Germany didn’t fit into the familiar villain/hero/victim scenario. Harlan was the product of Weimar Germany’s leftist youth movement and after 1933 managed to combine opportunism with a passionate individualism. The body of work he left is intriguing not despite but because of his moral flaws: his mysticism, sentimentality, and sexism as well as, above all, the perception of himself as a philosopher-artist. His preferred genre was melodrama, a canon that deserves to be expanded beyond the films of Douglas Sirk and Frank Borzage. As someone who chiefly addressed female audiences and who allowed his actress-wife Kristina Söderbaum to dominate his oeuvre with her child-bride persona, Harlan is of interest to women’s studies and, with its recurring transgender motives, gay studies as well. Many stimulating articles have been written about individual Harlan films, but so far no one has analyzed them in the context of his biography. The research for this book includes discussions with dozens of people who worked with Harlan or watched all his films, half of which have never been before been analyzed in any language.
Faye Mishna
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795406
- eISBN:
- 9780199949687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795406.003.0013
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
A review of underlying factors that are encompassed within the phenomenon of bullying are described in this chapter. Children and adolescents both engage in and are victimized through a number of ...
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A review of underlying factors that are encompassed within the phenomenon of bullying are described in this chapter. Children and adolescents both engage in and are victimized through a number of aggressive/violent and offensive behaviors and attitudes that are often encompassed within the term bullying. Bullying can be influenced by individual characteristics, social interactions, and cultural sanctions and conditions. Bias-based bullying results from and reinforces discrimination towards minorities and marginalized groups, based on certain characteristics, thereby threatening appreciation of diversity. Bias-based bullying includes sexual harassment, racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of prejudice, discrimination and aggression/violence towards groups and populations. The incidence of bias-based bullying is high and children and youth who belong to marginalized groups or minorities are generally vulnerable to being victimized by peers. This chapter underscores the necessity to understand and address these problems in working with children and youth who are bullied and who bully.Less
A review of underlying factors that are encompassed within the phenomenon of bullying are described in this chapter. Children and adolescents both engage in and are victimized through a number of aggressive/violent and offensive behaviors and attitudes that are often encompassed within the term bullying. Bullying can be influenced by individual characteristics, social interactions, and cultural sanctions and conditions. Bias-based bullying results from and reinforces discrimination towards minorities and marginalized groups, based on certain characteristics, thereby threatening appreciation of diversity. Bias-based bullying includes sexual harassment, racism, sexism, homophobia, and other forms of prejudice, discrimination and aggression/violence towards groups and populations. The incidence of bias-based bullying is high and children and youth who belong to marginalized groups or minorities are generally vulnerable to being victimized by peers. This chapter underscores the necessity to understand and address these problems in working with children and youth who are bullied and who bully.
Deborah Gray White (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- July 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780807832011
- eISBN:
- 9781469604763
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of North Carolina Press
- DOI:
- 10.5149/9780807889121_white
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
The field of black women's history gained recognition as a legitimate field of study only late in the twentieth century. Collecting stories that are both deeply personal and powerfully political, ...
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The field of black women's history gained recognition as a legitimate field of study only late in the twentieth century. Collecting stories that are both deeply personal and powerfully political, this book compiles seventeen personal narratives by leading black women historians at various stages in their careers. The authors of these narratives illuminate how—first as graduate students and then as professional historians—they entered and navigated the realm of higher education, a world concerned with and dominated by whites and men. In distinct voices and from different vantage points, the personal histories revealed here also tell the story of the struggle to establish a new scholarly field. Black women, alleged by affirmative-action supporters and opponents to be “twofers,” recount how they have confronted racism, sexism, and homophobia on college campuses. They explore how the personal and the political intersect in historical research and writing, and in the academy. By comparing the experiences of older and younger generations, the book makes visible the benefits and drawbacks of the institutionalization of African American and African American women's history.Less
The field of black women's history gained recognition as a legitimate field of study only late in the twentieth century. Collecting stories that are both deeply personal and powerfully political, this book compiles seventeen personal narratives by leading black women historians at various stages in their careers. The authors of these narratives illuminate how—first as graduate students and then as professional historians—they entered and navigated the realm of higher education, a world concerned with and dominated by whites and men. In distinct voices and from different vantage points, the personal histories revealed here also tell the story of the struggle to establish a new scholarly field. Black women, alleged by affirmative-action supporters and opponents to be “twofers,” recount how they have confronted racism, sexism, and homophobia on college campuses. They explore how the personal and the political intersect in historical research and writing, and in the academy. By comparing the experiences of older and younger generations, the book makes visible the benefits and drawbacks of the institutionalization of African American and African American women's history.
