John G. Stackhouse
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195138078
- eISBN:
- 9780199834679
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195138074.003.0010
- Subject:
- Religion, Theology
Outlines a number of practical applications of the concern to be audience specific in one's apologetical conversation. The apologist ought to express both sympathy and modesty by listening to and ...
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Outlines a number of practical applications of the concern to be audience specific in one's apologetical conversation. The apologist ought to express both sympathy and modesty by listening to and understanding one's neighbor and only then offering the gospel as a gift, without demanding a particular response. The apologist also ought to treat the subject matter with the seriousness appropriate to it as well as undertake the difficult work of teaching the subject matter rather than just preaching it. The apologist will utilize both a minimalist approach (focusing on the main issues rather than getting lost among secondary particulars) and the maximalist approach (offering all she can that will interest her audience). Other important principles discussed are clarifying the most important questions; focusing on Jesus; reading the Bible; praying without ceasing; remembering process as well as crisis; worshiping God; and, finally, trying the side door – as chapter eleven illustrates.Less
Outlines a number of practical applications of the concern to be audience specific in one's apologetical conversation. The apologist ought to express both sympathy and modesty by listening to and understanding one's neighbor and only then offering the gospel as a gift, without demanding a particular response. The apologist also ought to treat the subject matter with the seriousness appropriate to it as well as undertake the difficult work of teaching the subject matter rather than just preaching it. The apologist will utilize both a minimalist approach (focusing on the main issues rather than getting lost among secondary particulars) and the maximalist approach (offering all she can that will interest her audience). Other important principles discussed are clarifying the most important questions; focusing on Jesus; reading the Bible; praying without ceasing; remembering process as well as crisis; worshiping God; and, finally, trying the side door – as chapter eleven illustrates.
Patrick Hayes
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- September 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780199587957
- eISBN:
- 9780191723292
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199587957.003.0007
- Subject:
- Literature, World Literature, 20th-century and Contemporary Literature
What, if anything, guarantees that literature is serious? How, for instance, can we be sure that the representation of the erotic in a work of literature offers us more than the kinds of ...
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What, if anything, guarantees that literature is serious? How, for instance, can we be sure that the representation of the erotic in a work of literature offers us more than the kinds of objectification that characterize pornography? Or that the representation of politics offers us more than a work of propaganda? This chapter argues that in his portrait of the artist Coetzee refuses to accept any account of literary seriousness grounded in notions of aesthetic distance, privileged relation to the truth, or access to higher values, and that his interest lies instead in portraying the literary as an equivocal and even marginal kind of discourse that emerges only in an unsettling way from a deeply compromised position of weakness. It shows that Coetzee's thinking on this subject is informed by a profound exploration of Dostoevsky's late fiction—in particular The Devils and The Brothers Karamazov.Less
What, if anything, guarantees that literature is serious? How, for instance, can we be sure that the representation of the erotic in a work of literature offers us more than the kinds of objectification that characterize pornography? Or that the representation of politics offers us more than a work of propaganda? This chapter argues that in his portrait of the artist Coetzee refuses to accept any account of literary seriousness grounded in notions of aesthetic distance, privileged relation to the truth, or access to higher values, and that his interest lies instead in portraying the literary as an equivocal and even marginal kind of discourse that emerges only in an unsettling way from a deeply compromised position of weakness. It shows that Coetzee's thinking on this subject is informed by a profound exploration of Dostoevsky's late fiction—in particular The Devils and The Brothers Karamazov.
Christopher Ricks
- Published in print:
- 1984
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198128298
- eISBN:
- 9780191671654
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198128298.003.0006
- Subject:
- Literature, 19th-century Literature and Romanticism, Poetry
This chapter discusses the poetry's sensuousness and seriousness. ‘The Genius of Poetry’ must work out its own salvation in a man: it cannot be matured by law and precept, but by sensation and ...
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This chapter discusses the poetry's sensuousness and seriousness. ‘The Genius of Poetry’ must work out its own salvation in a man: it cannot be matured by law and precept, but by sensation and watchfulness in itself. The relation between sensuousness and seriousness is also a relation between sensation and watchfulness, and the watchfulness must not be a taskmaster's eye. John Keats' delight in others' delight is not something which is easily considered. The creativity of the imagination draws him to the word ‘conceive’, and the essentially humanizing power of language draws him to the word ‘volubility’, when he has a characteristic flight of imagination at once grand and modest. He has affirmed that he can conceive of a billiard ball as having a sense of delight from its own roundness, smoothness, and volubility and the rapidity of its motion.Less
This chapter discusses the poetry's sensuousness and seriousness. ‘The Genius of Poetry’ must work out its own salvation in a man: it cannot be matured by law and precept, but by sensation and watchfulness in itself. The relation between sensuousness and seriousness is also a relation between sensation and watchfulness, and the watchfulness must not be a taskmaster's eye. John Keats' delight in others' delight is not something which is easily considered. The creativity of the imagination draws him to the word ‘conceive’, and the essentially humanizing power of language draws him to the word ‘volubility’, when he has a characteristic flight of imagination at once grand and modest. He has affirmed that he can conceive of a billiard ball as having a sense of delight from its own roundness, smoothness, and volubility and the rapidity of its motion.
William Wootten
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789627947
- eISBN:
- 9781800851054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789627947.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is ...
More
This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is situated within a complex web of debts and implications. In the 1960s, the increased emphasis on one sort of seriousness, that of personal sincerity, became important at a time when seriousness as sanctioned by custom, tradition, social norm, oath and obligation became less binding. Marriage, for instance, may have been an exemplary form of an old seriousness, but it was being newly questioned in the lives of the poets. A. Alvarez defines seriousness as ‘the poet's ability and willingness to face the full range of his experience with his full intelligence; not to take the easy exits of either conventional response or choking incoherence’.Less
This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is situated within a complex web of debts and implications. In the 1960s, the increased emphasis on one sort of seriousness, that of personal sincerity, became important at a time when seriousness as sanctioned by custom, tradition, social norm, oath and obligation became less binding. Marriage, for instance, may have been an exemplary form of an old seriousness, but it was being newly questioned in the lives of the poets. A. Alvarez defines seriousness as ‘the poet's ability and willingness to face the full range of his experience with his full intelligence; not to take the easy exits of either conventional response or choking incoherence’.
George Molnar
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780199204175
- eISBN:
- 9780191695537
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199204175.003.0012
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
This chapter examines the major objections encountered in developing the theory of powers. One argument is that ontological seriousness about irreducible powers empties the world of something that it ...
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This chapter examines the major objections encountered in developing the theory of powers. One argument is that ontological seriousness about irreducible powers empties the world of something that it contains; another is that it imports into the world something that does not exist. The chapter discusses vicious regress in relation to space occupancy, conditionals, and lack of qualities. It evaluates dispositionalism and states that the ‘always-packing’ argument is ineffective. It also examines the position of Hume's distinctness where only contingent connections exist between distinct objects, properties, and relations in a world.Less
This chapter examines the major objections encountered in developing the theory of powers. One argument is that ontological seriousness about irreducible powers empties the world of something that it contains; another is that it imports into the world something that does not exist. The chapter discusses vicious regress in relation to space occupancy, conditionals, and lack of qualities. It evaluates dispositionalism and states that the ‘always-packing’ argument is ineffective. It also examines the position of Hume's distinctness where only contingent connections exist between distinct objects, properties, and relations in a world.
Nina H. B. Jørgensen
- Published in print:
- 2000
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198298618
- eISBN:
- 9780191685491
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198298618.003.0010
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law
This chapter describes several factors relevant to the analysis of seriousness with regard to international crimes. It also describes attempts to distinguish between the categories of international ...
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This chapter describes several factors relevant to the analysis of seriousness with regard to international crimes. It also describes attempts to distinguish between the categories of international crimes on the basis of seriousness. The difficulty of laying down a strict seriousness test is readily apparent and it is important to recognize that even though a wrongful act may fall within the broad category as identified in the International Law Commission's description of international crimes, this is no guarantee that it comes within the concept of state criminality.Less
This chapter describes several factors relevant to the analysis of seriousness with regard to international crimes. It also describes attempts to distinguish between the categories of international crimes on the basis of seriousness. The difficulty of laying down a strict seriousness test is readily apparent and it is important to recognize that even though a wrongful act may fall within the broad category as identified in the International Law Commission's description of international crimes, this is no guarantee that it comes within the concept of state criminality.
John Heil
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780199259748
- eISBN:
- 9780191597657
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199259747.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Metaphysics/Epistemology
Ontology is inescapable: even anti‐realists must be realists about something (minds, language, theories). Contemporary ontology has suffered from allegiance to an implicit Picture Theory of language ...
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Ontology is inescapable: even anti‐realists must be realists about something (minds, language, theories). Contemporary ontology has suffered from allegiance to an implicit Picture Theory of language according to which we can ‘read off’ features of the world from our ways of talking about it. One result is the widespread popularity of ‘levels’ of reality.Less
Ontology is inescapable: even anti‐realists must be realists about something (minds, language, theories). Contemporary ontology has suffered from allegiance to an implicit Picture Theory of language according to which we can ‘read off’ features of the world from our ways of talking about it. One result is the widespread popularity of ‘levels’ of reality.
William Wootten
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381632
- eISBN:
- 9781781384893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381632.003.0005
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is ...
More
This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is situated within a complex web of debts and implications. In the 1960s, the increased emphasis on one sort of seriousness, that of personal sincerity, became important at a time when seriousness as sanctioned by custom, tradition, social norm, oath and obligation became less binding. Marriage, for instance, may have been an exemplary form of an old seriousness, but it was being newly questioned in the lives of the poets. A. Alvarez defines seriousness as ‘the poet's ability and willingness to face the full range of his experience with his full intelligence; not to take the easy exits of either conventional response or choking incoherence’.Less
This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is situated within a complex web of debts and implications. In the 1960s, the increased emphasis on one sort of seriousness, that of personal sincerity, became important at a time when seriousness as sanctioned by custom, tradition, social norm, oath and obligation became less binding. Marriage, for instance, may have been an exemplary form of an old seriousness, but it was being newly questioned in the lives of the poets. A. Alvarez defines seriousness as ‘the poet's ability and willingness to face the full range of his experience with his full intelligence; not to take the easy exits of either conventional response or choking incoherence’.
William Wootten
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781781381632
- eISBN:
- 9781781384893
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/liverpool/9781781381632.003.0012
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach ...
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This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach in the Australia of his childhood, includes the thought of how sometimes they were ‘like a suicide wreathed in fine /Sea ivy and bleached sea roses /One stiff but apologetic in its trance’. The poem ‘Seaside Resort’, from 1972's Preaching to the Converted, half mourns the passing of the Victorian age and the age of seriousness that succeeded an age of faith while Porter's collection The Cost of Seriousness brings questions of seriousness and its cost to a head.Less
This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach in the Australia of his childhood, includes the thought of how sometimes they were ‘like a suicide wreathed in fine /Sea ivy and bleached sea roses /One stiff but apologetic in its trance’. The poem ‘Seaside Resort’, from 1972's Preaching to the Converted, half mourns the passing of the Victorian age and the age of seriousness that succeeded an age of faith while Porter's collection The Cost of Seriousness brings questions of seriousness and its cost to a head.
Paul du Gay and Signe Vikkelsø
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- December 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780198705123
- eISBN:
- 9780191774225
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198705123.001.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Organization Studies, Knowledge Management
This book focuses on the state of organization theory, its purpose, object, and practical relevance. In recent years, disquiet has mounted within the field of organizational analysis, broadly ...
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This book focuses on the state of organization theory, its purpose, object, and practical relevance. In recent years, disquiet has mounted within the field of organizational analysis, broadly defined, about the overly theoretical and a- or anti-organizational state of organization theory and its consequent lack of practical purchase, not least in the light of pressing economic, social, and political concerns that are often profoundly organizational in nature. The book argues that predominant contemporary modes of theorizing within the field, and in particular the stance associated with them, have had the effect of occluding and dissolving organization theory’s core object—formal organization—and, as a consequence, dissipating its practical focus and reach. The book seeks to contribute to the goal of reviving organization theory as a practical science of organizing and rehabilitating its core object—formal organization—through a re-examination and re-assessment of the outlook, comportment, and attitude—stance—animating its classical antecedents. This ambition is double-edged. For not only does it seek to revive organization theory through reconnecting it with the practical orientation framing classical organizational analysis, it also seeks to indicate how the historic products of that orientation or stance still have considerable traction for analysing and intervening in contemporary matters of organizational concern. Not least, this ‘classical organizational stance’ provides those who adopt it with a method with which to orient themselves both in formal organizational thought and in formal organizational life. It furnishes them with an ethos combining both practical rationality and ethical seriousness.Less
This book focuses on the state of organization theory, its purpose, object, and practical relevance. In recent years, disquiet has mounted within the field of organizational analysis, broadly defined, about the overly theoretical and a- or anti-organizational state of organization theory and its consequent lack of practical purchase, not least in the light of pressing economic, social, and political concerns that are often profoundly organizational in nature. The book argues that predominant contemporary modes of theorizing within the field, and in particular the stance associated with them, have had the effect of occluding and dissolving organization theory’s core object—formal organization—and, as a consequence, dissipating its practical focus and reach. The book seeks to contribute to the goal of reviving organization theory as a practical science of organizing and rehabilitating its core object—formal organization—through a re-examination and re-assessment of the outlook, comportment, and attitude—stance—animating its classical antecedents. This ambition is double-edged. For not only does it seek to revive organization theory through reconnecting it with the practical orientation framing classical organizational analysis, it also seeks to indicate how the historic products of that orientation or stance still have considerable traction for analysing and intervening in contemporary matters of organizational concern. Not least, this ‘classical organizational stance’ provides those who adopt it with a method with which to orient themselves both in formal organizational thought and in formal organizational life. It furnishes them with an ethos combining both practical rationality and ethical seriousness.
William Wootten
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781789627947
- eISBN:
- 9781800851054
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781789627947.003.0012
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach ...
More
This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach in the Australia of his childhood, includes the thought of how sometimes they were ‘like a suicide wreathed in fine /Sea ivy and bleached sea roses /One stiff but apologetic in its trance’. The poem ‘Seaside Resort’, from 1972's Preaching to the Converted, half mourns the passing of the Victorian age and the age of seriousness that succeeded an age of faith while Porter's collection The Cost of Seriousness brings questions of seriousness and its cost to a head.Less
This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach in the Australia of his childhood, includes the thought of how sometimes they were ‘like a suicide wreathed in fine /Sea ivy and bleached sea roses /One stiff but apologetic in its trance’. The poem ‘Seaside Resort’, from 1972's Preaching to the Converted, half mourns the passing of the Victorian age and the age of seriousness that succeeded an age of faith while Porter's collection The Cost of Seriousness brings questions of seriousness and its cost to a head.
Margaret M. deGuzman
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2020
- ISBN:
- 9780198786153
- eISBN:
- 9780191827853
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780198786153.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Public International Law, Philosophy of Law
The most commonly cited justification for international criminal law is that it addresses crimes of such gravity that they “shock the conscience of humanity.” From decisions about how to define ...
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The most commonly cited justification for international criminal law is that it addresses crimes of such gravity that they “shock the conscience of humanity.” From decisions about how to define crimes and when to exercise jurisdiction, to limitations on defenses and sentencing determinations, gravity rhetoric permeates the discourse of international criminal law. Yet the concept of gravity remains highly undertheorized. This book uncovers the consequences for the regime’s legitimacy of its heavy reliance on this poorly understood idea. It argues that gravity’s ambiguity may at times enable a thin consensus to emerge around decisions, such as the creation of an institution or the definition of a crime, but that, increasingly, it undermines efforts to build a strong and resilient global justice community. The book suggests ways to reconceptualize gravity in line with global values and goals to better support the long-term legitimacy of international criminal law.Less
The most commonly cited justification for international criminal law is that it addresses crimes of such gravity that they “shock the conscience of humanity.” From decisions about how to define crimes and when to exercise jurisdiction, to limitations on defenses and sentencing determinations, gravity rhetoric permeates the discourse of international criminal law. Yet the concept of gravity remains highly undertheorized. This book uncovers the consequences for the regime’s legitimacy of its heavy reliance on this poorly understood idea. It argues that gravity’s ambiguity may at times enable a thin consensus to emerge around decisions, such as the creation of an institution or the definition of a crime, but that, increasingly, it undermines efforts to build a strong and resilient global justice community. The book suggests ways to reconceptualize gravity in line with global values and goals to better support the long-term legitimacy of international criminal law.
Jonathan Burnside
- Published in print:
- 2020
- Published Online:
- May 2021
- ISBN:
- 9781529207392
- eISBN:
- 9781529207408
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781529207392.003.0003
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
This chapter explores how public theology challenges criminal justice orthodoxies by asking, provocatively, whether Christianity has been hijacked by imprisonment. The question is systematically ...
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This chapter explores how public theology challenges criminal justice orthodoxies by asking, provocatively, whether Christianity has been hijacked by imprisonment. The question is systematically explored with reference to three, interrelated, strands: (1) the moral question of ‘seriousness of offence’ which undergirds the sanction of imprisonment; (2) the development of ‘Relational Justice’ as a reform dynamic for criminal justice and prison reform; and (3) the role of faith-based units in prisons. These three strands show the different ways in which juxtaposing prisons and public theology challenges criminal justice orthodoxies; critiques retributive punishment and provides the hope of restoration. They also provide worked examples of the methodologies that are required to successfully link up law with applied social sciences and theology.Less
This chapter explores how public theology challenges criminal justice orthodoxies by asking, provocatively, whether Christianity has been hijacked by imprisonment. The question is systematically explored with reference to three, interrelated, strands: (1) the moral question of ‘seriousness of offence’ which undergirds the sanction of imprisonment; (2) the development of ‘Relational Justice’ as a reform dynamic for criminal justice and prison reform; and (3) the role of faith-based units in prisons. These three strands show the different ways in which juxtaposing prisons and public theology challenges criminal justice orthodoxies; critiques retributive punishment and provides the hope of restoration. They also provide worked examples of the methodologies that are required to successfully link up law with applied social sciences and theology.
Michael Tonry (ed.)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- October 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780190070595
- eISBN:
- 9780190070625
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/oso/9780190070595.001.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Philosophy of Law
Interest in retributive theory, and emphasis on proportionality between crime and punishment as a requirement of justice, revived in English-speaking countries in the 1970s. After less than a half ...
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Interest in retributive theory, and emphasis on proportionality between crime and punishment as a requirement of justice, revived in English-speaking countries in the 1970s. After less than a half century, however, retributivism’s influence is waning. It is beset by challenges. Some, such as difficulties in scaling crime seriousness and punishment severity, and linking them, are primarily analytical and of interest mostly to theorists. Others, such as trade-offs between proportionality and crime prevention, relate to real-world applications. Both sets of challenges can be explored in their own terms, and solutions can be sought. The bigger question, though, is whether the challenges are epiphenomenal and portend displacement of retribution as the most intellectually influential normative frame of reference for thinking about punishment. Only time will tell whether retributivism is in terminal decline. Most likely, the difficulties contemporary philosophers face are as much a reflection of a change in the zeitgeist, in prevailing sensibilities, in mentalités as of sudden realization that retributive ideas offer less guidance for thinking about punishment than was widely understood.Less
Interest in retributive theory, and emphasis on proportionality between crime and punishment as a requirement of justice, revived in English-speaking countries in the 1970s. After less than a half century, however, retributivism’s influence is waning. It is beset by challenges. Some, such as difficulties in scaling crime seriousness and punishment severity, and linking them, are primarily analytical and of interest mostly to theorists. Others, such as trade-offs between proportionality and crime prevention, relate to real-world applications. Both sets of challenges can be explored in their own terms, and solutions can be sought. The bigger question, though, is whether the challenges are epiphenomenal and portend displacement of retribution as the most intellectually influential normative frame of reference for thinking about punishment. Only time will tell whether retributivism is in terminal decline. Most likely, the difficulties contemporary philosophers face are as much a reflection of a change in the zeitgeist, in prevailing sensibilities, in mentalités as of sudden realization that retributive ideas offer less guidance for thinking about punishment than was widely understood.
Gavin Dingwall and Tim Hillier
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- September 2015
- ISBN:
- 9781447305002
- eISBN:
- 9781447311614
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447305002.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Law, Crime and Deviance
Chapter Five conceptualises blame amplification. It starts with a detailed review of offence-severity and how this can be quantified objectively. What is central to this chapter is the relevance of ...
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Chapter Five conceptualises blame amplification. It starts with a detailed review of offence-severity and how this can be quantified objectively. What is central to this chapter is the relevance of particular factors present in a given case which may make it more serious than usual. These aggravating factors are seen to amplify the offender’s blame. We consider the factors that the public identified when determining the seriousness of sexual offences and how these correspond to the factors sentencers should consider when passing sentence. All of this pre-supposes rational decision-making on the part of the offender. Social science research suggests, though, that this distorts the process which calls into question whether issues of aggravation and mitigation can be calibrated with any accuracy. The chapter ends by considering ‘extraordinary crime’ (that is, genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity). Research suggests that few would resist participating in such events for a variety of reasons. Given this insight, how does blame assist us in finding an appropriate response to extraordinary crime?Less
Chapter Five conceptualises blame amplification. It starts with a detailed review of offence-severity and how this can be quantified objectively. What is central to this chapter is the relevance of particular factors present in a given case which may make it more serious than usual. These aggravating factors are seen to amplify the offender’s blame. We consider the factors that the public identified when determining the seriousness of sexual offences and how these correspond to the factors sentencers should consider when passing sentence. All of this pre-supposes rational decision-making on the part of the offender. Social science research suggests, though, that this distorts the process which calls into question whether issues of aggravation and mitigation can be calibrated with any accuracy. The chapter ends by considering ‘extraordinary crime’ (that is, genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity). Research suggests that few would resist participating in such events for a variety of reasons. Given this insight, how does blame assist us in finding an appropriate response to extraordinary crime?
Andrew von Hirsch
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780198262411
- eISBN:
- 9780191682339
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198262411.003.0013
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The principle of proportionality requires the severity of penalties to be determined by reference to the seriousness of crimes. In order to apply the principle, we need to be able to gauge how ...
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The principle of proportionality requires the severity of penalties to be determined by reference to the seriousness of crimes. In order to apply the principle, we need to be able to gauge how serious various crimes are, and how severe are various sanctions. The neglect is not surprising, perhaps, because attention was focused so much on the use and limits of imprisonment, and that sanction's onerousness appears measurable in large part by its duration. Now, however, there is increasing interest in non-custodial penalties, and these are more heterogeneous in character. Ordinary people, various opinion surveys have suggested, seem capable of reaching a degree of agreement on the comparative seriousness of crimes. The gravity of a crime depends upon the degree of harmfulness of the conduct, and the extent of the actor's culpability. Culpability can be gauged with the aid of clues from the substantive criminal law.Less
The principle of proportionality requires the severity of penalties to be determined by reference to the seriousness of crimes. In order to apply the principle, we need to be able to gauge how serious various crimes are, and how severe are various sanctions. The neglect is not surprising, perhaps, because attention was focused so much on the use and limits of imprisonment, and that sanction's onerousness appears measurable in large part by its duration. Now, however, there is increasing interest in non-custodial penalties, and these are more heterogeneous in character. Ordinary people, various opinion surveys have suggested, seem capable of reaching a degree of agreement on the comparative seriousness of crimes. The gravity of a crime depends upon the degree of harmfulness of the conduct, and the extent of the actor's culpability. Culpability can be gauged with the aid of clues from the substantive criminal law.
John F. Macleod, Peter G. Grove, and David P. Farrington
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2014
- ISBN:
- 9780199697243
- eISBN:
- 9780191781568
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697243.003.0004
- Subject:
- Law, Criminal Law and Criminology
The theory is applied to subsets of offenders based on the seriousness of their offending. Offenders with custody at their first conviction are found to be a random sample (4.5%) of all OI offenders, ...
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The theory is applied to subsets of offenders based on the seriousness of their offending. Offenders with custody at their first conviction are found to be a random sample (4.5%) of all OI offenders, and 11.5% of offenders with at least one custodial sentence (defined as serious offenders). The serious offenders are shown to fall into just two categories leading to a simplified gamma distribution based model which is shown to fit age/custody profiles up to the seventh incarceration. An analysis of offence type specialisation indicates that offenders tend be versatile rather than specialised and that the variety of offence types increases in proportion to the logarithm of the career offence count. Trivial offenders, those committing non-standard-list summary offences, are shown to comprise only one category. A simple model for the age conviction profile is derived and, the population size, recidivism and frequency parameter values for trivial offenders are estimated.Less
The theory is applied to subsets of offenders based on the seriousness of their offending. Offenders with custody at their first conviction are found to be a random sample (4.5%) of all OI offenders, and 11.5% of offenders with at least one custodial sentence (defined as serious offenders). The serious offenders are shown to fall into just two categories leading to a simplified gamma distribution based model which is shown to fit age/custody profiles up to the seventh incarceration. An analysis of offence type specialisation indicates that offenders tend be versatile rather than specialised and that the variety of offence types increases in proportion to the logarithm of the career offence count. Trivial offenders, those committing non-standard-list summary offences, are shown to comprise only one category. A simple model for the age conviction profile is derived and, the population size, recidivism and frequency parameter values for trivial offenders are estimated.
Joe Moshenska
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- September 2019
- ISBN:
- 9780804798501
- eISBN:
- 9781503608740
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Stanford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.11126/stanford/9780804798501.003.0008
- Subject:
- Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature
The conclusion returns to the larger narratives into which play has often been folded in order to reconsider them in relation to the complexities of iconoclastic child’s play. It suggests that neat ...
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The conclusion returns to the larger narratives into which play has often been folded in order to reconsider them in relation to the complexities of iconoclastic child’s play. It suggests that neat temporalities in which play and seriousness contrast and alternate with one another need to be replaced with trajectories that have room for sudden alteration and reversal. Drawing in part from the writings of Hans Blumenberg, Bruno Latour, Michel Serres, Siegfried Kracauer, and Igor Kopytoff, it suggests that we think of objects (including artworks) in terms of their “toy potential”--the perennial possibility that an object might both come to be, and cease to be, a plaything. The implications of this possibility are illustrated via a reading of an episode from Spenser’s Faerie Queene in which a malevolent allegorical dragon is startlingly transformed into a child’s plaything.Less
The conclusion returns to the larger narratives into which play has often been folded in order to reconsider them in relation to the complexities of iconoclastic child’s play. It suggests that neat temporalities in which play and seriousness contrast and alternate with one another need to be replaced with trajectories that have room for sudden alteration and reversal. Drawing in part from the writings of Hans Blumenberg, Bruno Latour, Michel Serres, Siegfried Kracauer, and Igor Kopytoff, it suggests that we think of objects (including artworks) in terms of their “toy potential”--the perennial possibility that an object might both come to be, and cease to be, a plaything. The implications of this possibility are illustrated via a reading of an episode from Spenser’s Faerie Queene in which a malevolent allegorical dragon is startlingly transformed into a child’s plaything.
Jeffrey B. Ferguson
- Published in print:
- 2005
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300109016
- eISBN:
- 9780300133462
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300109016.003.0008
- Subject:
- History, African-American History
This chapter examines different aspects of the satire “Black No More” by George Schuyler, who challenged racial perspectives in his own time and also struck hard at many perennial themes of American ...
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This chapter examines different aspects of the satire “Black No More” by George Schuyler, who challenged racial perspectives in his own time and also struck hard at many perennial themes of American racial consciousness. “Black No More” adds biting ridicule concerning a subject that most Americans allow themselves to perceive only in the mode of high moral seriousness or within the narrow confines of ideologically unthreatening humor, melodrama, myths of progress, or fantasies of racial hierarchy. It pursues a strategy of multiplication and dissemination rather than protest and erasure, and, hostile to fast-frozen conceptions of race, depicts a chaotic world of black and white strivers in the only terms appropriate for their unprincipled struggles.Less
This chapter examines different aspects of the satire “Black No More” by George Schuyler, who challenged racial perspectives in his own time and also struck hard at many perennial themes of American racial consciousness. “Black No More” adds biting ridicule concerning a subject that most Americans allow themselves to perceive only in the mode of high moral seriousness or within the narrow confines of ideologically unthreatening humor, melodrama, myths of progress, or fantasies of racial hierarchy. It pursues a strategy of multiplication and dissemination rather than protest and erasure, and, hostile to fast-frozen conceptions of race, depicts a chaotic world of black and white strivers in the only terms appropriate for their unprincipled struggles.
Ying-shih Yü
Josephine Chiu-Duke and Michael S. Duke (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780231178587
- eISBN:
- 9780231542012
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231178587.003.0009
- Subject:
- History, Asian History
This essay shows that morality took precedence over knowledge in Zhu Xi’s philosophical system. But, it is argued, this is only true on the practical, pedagogic level, not on the general theoretical ...
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This essay shows that morality took precedence over knowledge in Zhu Xi’s philosophical system. But, it is argued, this is only true on the practical, pedagogic level, not on the general theoretical level. It is further argued that in Zhu Xi’s system, morality is never allowed to interfere directly with the operation of gewu or zhizhi, that is, the pursuit of concrete knowledgeLess
This essay shows that morality took precedence over knowledge in Zhu Xi’s philosophical system. But, it is argued, this is only true on the practical, pedagogic level, not on the general theoretical level. It is further argued that in Zhu Xi’s system, morality is never allowed to interfere directly with the operation of gewu or zhizhi, that is, the pursuit of concrete knowledge
