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Political Change in Continental Europe

Mark J. Joe

in Political Determinants of Corporate Governance: Political Context, Corporate Impact

This chapter examines political change in continental Europe. The recent demand for more pro-shareholder corporate governance in continental Europe and for legal structures that facilitate ownership ... More

This chapter examines political change in continental Europe. The recent demand for more pro-shareholder corporate governance in continental Europe and for legal structures that facilitate ownership separation follows European politics' move rightward, away from its late 20th-century history of strong social democratic politics. Politics, product markets, efforts to improve corporate law's institutions, and new capital-raising methods are all moving simultaneously.Less

Time Series Analysis

Andrew J. Connolly, Jacob T. VanderPlas, Alexander Gray, Andrew J. Connolly, Jacob T. VanderPlas, and Alexander Gray

in Statistics, Data Mining, and Machine Learning in Astronomy: A Practical Python Guide for the Analysis of Survey Data

This chapter summarizes the fundamental concepts and tools for analyzing time series data. Time series analysis is a branch of applied mathematics developed mostly in the fields of signal processing ... More

This chapter summarizes the fundamental concepts and tools for analyzing time series data. Time series analysis is a branch of applied mathematics developed mostly in the fields of signal processing and statistics. Contributions to this field, from an astronomical perspective, have predominantly focused on unevenly sampled data, low signal-to-noise data, and heteroscedastic errors. The chapter starts with a brief introduction to the main concepts in time series analysis. It then discusses the main tools from the modeling toolkit for time series analysis. Despite being set in the context of time series, many tools and results are readily applicable in other domains, and for this reason the examples presented will not be strictly limited to time-domain data. Armed with the modeling toolkit, the chapter goes on to discuss the analysis of periodic time series, search for temporally localized signals, and concludes with a brief discussion of stochastic processes.Less

The Repertory Reborn

Paul C. Gutjahr

in Charles Hodge: Guardian of American Orthodoxy

Chapter twenty-one tells the story of the changing nature of the Biblical Repertory. Upon his return from Europe, Hodge decides to rename and change the name of this periodical, attempting to make it ... More

Chapter twenty-one tells the story of the changing nature of the Biblical Repertory. Upon his return from Europe, Hodge decides to rename and change the name of this periodical, attempting to make it appeal to a wider audience. Popularizing the journal failed, but the Repertory did become a major theological voice within American Presbyterian circles.Less

 “Cinema as Sacrament”: Theater and Film

Terryl C. Givens

in People of Paradox: A History of Mormon Culture

Film has largely replaced theater as the dramatic medium for Mormon artists. Film was early employed in the anti-Mormon campaign, and Mormons learned early to use it for their own purposes. ... More

Film has largely replaced theater as the dramatic medium for Mormon artists. Film was early employed in the anti-Mormon campaign, and Mormons learned early to use it for their own purposes. Evangelistic (missionary films) and public relations varieties (Homefront series) have given way to a recent generation of talented filmmakers who are creating two kinds: one is an insider genre, while the other explores ways of informing popular film with a Mormon sensibility.Less

Political Methodology: An Overview

John E. Jackson

in A New Handbook of Political Science

Reviews methodological techniques available across the discipline of political science. Econometrics and political science methods include structural equation estimations, time‐series analysis, and ... More

Reviews methodological techniques available across the discipline of political science. Econometrics and political science methods include structural equation estimations, time‐series analysis, and non‐linear models. Alternative approaches analyse public preferences, political institutions, and path dependence political economy modelling. The drawbacks of these methods are examined by questioning their underlying assumptions and examining their consequences. While there is cause for concern, solace lies in the fact that these problems are also faced across other disciplines.Less

MATRIX EQUATIONS AND CANONICAL FACTORIZATIONS

D. A. Bini, G. Latouche, and B. Meini

in Numerical Methods for Structured Markov Chains

This chapter is concerned with infinite block Toeplitz matrices, their relationships with matrix power series and matrix Laurent power series, and the fundamental problem of solving matrix equations ... More

This chapter is concerned with infinite block Toeplitz matrices, their relationships with matrix power series and matrix Laurent power series, and the fundamental problem of solving matrix equations and computing canonical factorizations. It introduces the concept of a Wiener algebra and provides a natural theoretical framework where the convergence properties of algorithms for solving Markov chains can easily be proved. Furthermore, the notion of canonical factorization provides a powerful tool for solving infinite linear systems, such as the fundamental system involving the stationary probability distribution of structured Markov chains.Less

PERIODS OF EISENSTEIN AND POINCARÉ SERIES

Leon Ehrenpreis

in The Universality of the Radon Transform

This chapter shows how the book's main theory applies to computing the periods of Eisenstein and Poincaré series. Our Poincaré series are eigenfunctions of the Laplacian, and they arise naturally in ... More

This chapter shows how the book's main theory applies to computing the periods of Eisenstein and Poincaré series. Our Poincaré series are eigenfunctions of the Laplacian, and they arise naturally in the theory. In particular, the periods of the Poincaré series are Kloosterman sums.Less

BASIC RESULTS ON SOLUBLE AND NILPOTENT GROUPS

John C. Lennox and Derek J. S. Robinson

in The Theory of Infinite Soluble Groups

This chapter provides an introduction to soluble and nilpotent groups. It discusses the properties of the upper and lower central series and talks about polycyclic groups and Cernikov groups.

Modular series—principles and types

Giovanni Ferraris, Emil Makovicky, and Stefano Merlino

in Crystallography of Modular Materials

The chapter deals with structures and phenomena in which modularity is connected with incremental changes in chemical composition, potentially yielding the series of structurally related but ... More

The chapter deals with structures and phenomena in which modularity is connected with incremental changes in chemical composition, potentially yielding the series of structurally related but chemically distinct compounds. Modular and non-modular crystal chemistry is interconnected by so-called configuration levels. Enumeration and explanation of non-modular (isotypism, homeotypism) and modular (unit-cell or chemical twinning, crystallographic shear, noncommensurability, archetypes) categories of structural similarity is followed by a description of various types of homologous series: accretional series of the extensive and combinatorial types, and their polysomatic description, variable-fit series, and the series combining these principles. Series with more complex relationships are defined as plesiotypic and merotypic series. Further types are sliding series and ordered derivatives of solid solutions. All these concepts are illustrated by examples. The main principles of prediction of modular structures and families dealt with are the direct-space metric properties, reciprocal space features and the use of chemical information.Less

The early history of cumulants and the Gram–Charlier series 79

A. Hald

in Thiele: Pioneer in Statistics

This chapter presents a reprint of part of Hald (2000a), containing a detailed discussion of Thiele's halfinvariants and their use in series expansions. Section 2 describes how Poisson, Bessel, and ... More

This chapter presents a reprint of part of Hald (2000a), containing a detailed discussion of Thiele's halfinvariants and their use in series expansions. Section 2 describes how Poisson, Bessel, and Bienaymé generalized the Laplacean central limit theorem by including more terms in the expansion of the logarithm of the characteristic function. Section 3 discusses Chebyshev's least squares fitting of a polynomial to the observed values of a function by means of orthogonal polynomials. Section 4 explains how Thiele and Gram introduced the Gram-Charlier series from a completely different point of view.Less

Inference for Non-linear Population Parameters

Raymond L. Chambers and Robert G. Clark

in An Introduction to Model-Based Survey Sampling with Applications

Inference for non-linear population parameters develops model-based prediction theory for target parameters that are not population totals or means. The development initially is for the case where ... More

Inference for non-linear population parameters develops model-based prediction theory for target parameters that are not population totals or means. The development initially is for the case where the target parameter can be expressed as a differentiable function of finite population means, and a Taylor series linearisation argument is used to get a large sample approximation to the prediction variance of the substitution-based predictor. This Taylor linearisation approach is then generalised to target parameters that can be expressed as solutions of estimating equations. An application to inference about the median value of a homogeneous population serves to illustrate the basic approach, and this is then extended to the stratified population case.Less

On the Early Work of William Thomson: Mathematical Physics and Methodology in the 1840s

I. Grattan-Guinness

in Kelvin: Life, Labours and Legacy

This chapter reviews the early works of William Thomson. Thomson began to publish exceptionally early, in 1841, while still in his late teens; and a steady stream of papers came from him thereafter. ... More

This chapter reviews the early works of William Thomson. Thomson began to publish exceptionally early, in 1841, while still in his late teens; and a steady stream of papers came from him thereafter. Most of them in the 1840s concerned heat diffusion, electricity, or magnetism, and related mathematical methods such as the Fourier series and potential theory. These papers manifest a procedure of working by analogy in which methods were taken from one topic and adapted for use in another one.Less

Algebra, Sports, and Catalan Numbers

Thomas Koshy

in Catalan Numbers with Applications

This chapter presents interesting applications of Catalan numbers to abstract algebra, linear algebra, and sports. In addition, it presents three interesting number patterns involving Catalan numbers ... More

This chapter presents interesting applications of Catalan numbers to abstract algebra, linear algebra, and sports. In addition, it presents three interesting number patterns involving Catalan numbers to alert the fact that patterns can fail.Less