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This chapter poses a new agenda for the field of economic development, asking whether and how foreign investment is integrated into the local networks of host economies. It first presents the basic contours of this case: the Hungarian economy after the collapse of state socialism, the subsequent emergence of interenterprise networks, the demise of state ownership, and the rise of foreign investment. After describing the data collection involved, the chapter charts the changing proportions of the Hungarian economy that are foreign or domestic, and networked or isolated. To identify the microprocesses of interorganizational network formation that explain the macrostructural outcomes, the chapter turns to modeling that makes sequences of network positions the unit of analysis. Finally, this chapter explores the patterns of firms' personnel ties to political parties and then presents findings that demonstrate the relationship between the network sequence pathways, firms' political ties, and levels of foreign investment.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek, the microscopist, was in great demand as a party guest in fashionable Delft homes in the 17th century. He could be counted upon to bring along several hand-held microscopes with glass bead lenses on which he would mount diverse specimens, including scrapings from between the teeth of his fellow guests. Often we simply do not see what we do not (yet) understand. The problem in sequence analysis is compounded by the sheer quantity of the unanalyzed information and the indirect methods by which that information is deciphered. How much information is slipping through our current methods of classification and decoding, because we do not yet have the context by which to design the right search tools? Industrial labs, academic labs, granting agencies, and editors of journals often have clear visions and definitive opinions of what sorts of sequences are worth collecting, analyzing, and using; traditionally, gene sequences have been featured high on their lists. Indeed the annotation of any new genome begins and often ends with a catalogue of which genes are present. Often the sequences between genes are ignored. When such intergenic sequences are analyzed, they do not become neatly classified and organized into pre-existing databases, designed with genes in mind. Meaningful information, which often reveals itself in well-organized datasets, may not be visible at all.

This chapter is devoted to sequence game data analysis. It will first define what sequence data is and how it is represented, and then delve more deeply into how to develop models from such data. Sequence analysis has a lot of utility and is important as it conserves the sequence of player actions and can shed light on how players solved different problems within the different game levels. Further, sequence analysis can also be a great way to develop a more robust and accurate player model. The chapter will discuss such advantages in light of showcasing the use of sequential analysis for DOTA 2. Further, the chapter will also be a practical guide on how to develop models from sequence data using practical step-by-step labs. Please note that this chapter was written with Erica Kleinman (a PhD student at University of California at Santa Cruz).

This chapter presents an overview of the findings of the book. It reviews the framework developed for analyzing the adoption and implementation of gender quota policies, as well as the insights generated by the paired comparisons of efforts to institute reserved seats in Pakistan and India, party quotas in Sweden and the United Kingdom, and legislative quotas in Argentina and France. It then takes these comparisons a step further to explore what a look at all six cases together reveals about the origins and effects of quota measures. The aim is to provide additional insights for analyzing quota campaigns, and designing more effective quota policies, in these and other countries around the world. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.

This chapter discusses more advanced methods for sequence analysis. These include: probabilistic methods using classical planning, Bayesian Networks (BN), Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs), Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Markov Logic Networks (MLNs), Markov Decision Process (MDP), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), specifically concentrating on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). These techniques are all great but, at this time, are mostly used in academia and less in the industry. Thus, the chapter takes a more academic approach, showing the work and its application to games when possible. The techniques are important as they cultivate future directions of how you can think about modeling, predicting players’ strategies, actions, and churn. We believe these methods can be leveraged in the future as the field advances and will have an impact in the industry. Please note that this chapter was developed in collaboration with several PhD students at Northeastern University, specifically Nathan Partlan, Madkour Abdelrahman Amr, and Sabbir Ahmad, who contributed greatly to this chapter and the case studies discussed.

This chapter studies the transition to first birth using a sequential approach analyzing trajectories in a comparative perspective across seven Eurasian populations. The analysis makes use of individual level data organized into sequences of life-course transitions. It shows that well-known differences between the East and the West in timing and incidence of marriage did not translate into similarly large differences in the timing and incidence of first births. Especially women in the Asian populations had early and universal marriage. Even though Asian families started reproduction several years earlier than European families, the differences were considerably smaller for the timing of first birth than first marriage. When disaggregating patterns by socioeconomic status and gender it is clear that there were substantial differences within Europe and Asia as well in terms of life course transitions, further questioning the validity of a simple East-West dichotomy.