Ann E. Cudd
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- May 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195187434
- eISBN:
- 9780199786213
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195187431.003.0006
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This chapter discusses the direct and indirect psychological harms of oppression. Direct psychological harms are intentionally inflicted by dominant on subordinate groups. These include terror and ...
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This chapter discusses the direct and indirect psychological harms of oppression. Direct psychological harms are intentionally inflicted by dominant on subordinate groups. These include terror and psychological trauma, humiliation and degradation, objectification, religion, ideology, and cultural domination. Indirect psychological harms occur when the beliefs and values of the privileged or oppressor groups are subconsciously accepted by the subordinate and assimilated into their self-concept or value/belief scheme. Indirect forces thus work through the psychology of the oppressed to mold them and co-opt them to result in choices and decisions that harm the oppressed while benefiting the privileged. These include shame and low self-esteem, false consciousness, and deformed desire.Less
This chapter discusses the direct and indirect psychological harms of oppression. Direct psychological harms are intentionally inflicted by dominant on subordinate groups. These include terror and psychological trauma, humiliation and degradation, objectification, religion, ideology, and cultural domination. Indirect psychological harms occur when the beliefs and values of the privileged or oppressor groups are subconsciously accepted by the subordinate and assimilated into their self-concept or value/belief scheme. Indirect forces thus work through the psychology of the oppressed to mold them and co-opt them to result in choices and decisions that harm the oppressed while benefiting the privileged. These include shame and low self-esteem, false consciousness, and deformed desire.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195304718
- eISBN:
- 9780199786572
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195304713.001.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Morality and mental health are now inseparably linked in our view of character. Alcoholics are sick, yet they are punished for drunk driving. Drug addicts are criminals, but their punishment can be ...
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Morality and mental health are now inseparably linked in our view of character. Alcoholics are sick, yet they are punished for drunk driving. Drug addicts are criminals, but their punishment can be court ordered therapy. The line between character flaws and personality disorders has become fuzzy, with even the seven deadly sins seen as mental disorders. In addition to pathologizing wrong-doing, we also psychologize virtue; self-respect becomes self-esteem, integrity becomes psychological integration, and responsibility becomes maturity. Moral advice is now sought primarily from psychologists and therapists rather than philosophers or theologians. This book asks: are we replacing morality with therapy, in potentially confused and dangerous ways, or are we creatively integrating morality and mental health? According to the book, it's a little bit of both. It surveys the ways in which morality and mental health are related, touching on practical concerns like love and work, self-respect and self-fulfillment, guilt and depression, crime and violence, and addictions. Terming this integrative development “the therapeutic trend in ethics,” the book uses examples from popular culture, various moral controversies, and draws on line of thought that includes Plato, the Stoics, Freud, Nietzsche, and contemporary psychotherapeutic theories. The book develops some interesting conclusions, among them that sound morality is indeed healthy, and that moral values are inevitably embedded in our conceptions of mental health. In the end, the book shows how both morality and mental health are inextricably intertwined in our pursuit of a meaningful life.Less
Morality and mental health are now inseparably linked in our view of character. Alcoholics are sick, yet they are punished for drunk driving. Drug addicts are criminals, but their punishment can be court ordered therapy. The line between character flaws and personality disorders has become fuzzy, with even the seven deadly sins seen as mental disorders. In addition to pathologizing wrong-doing, we also psychologize virtue; self-respect becomes self-esteem, integrity becomes psychological integration, and responsibility becomes maturity. Moral advice is now sought primarily from psychologists and therapists rather than philosophers or theologians. This book asks: are we replacing morality with therapy, in potentially confused and dangerous ways, or are we creatively integrating morality and mental health? According to the book, it's a little bit of both. It surveys the ways in which morality and mental health are related, touching on practical concerns like love and work, self-respect and self-fulfillment, guilt and depression, crime and violence, and addictions. Terming this integrative development “the therapeutic trend in ethics,” the book uses examples from popular culture, various moral controversies, and draws on line of thought that includes Plato, the Stoics, Freud, Nietzsche, and contemporary psychotherapeutic theories. The book develops some interesting conclusions, among them that sound morality is indeed healthy, and that moral values are inevitably embedded in our conceptions of mental health. In the end, the book shows how both morality and mental health are inextricably intertwined in our pursuit of a meaningful life.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195304718
- eISBN:
- 9780199786572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195304713.003.0002
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 1 on the ways moral values are embedded in conceptions of mental disorders and positive health, focusing on when mental health is defined ...
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This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 1 on the ways moral values are embedded in conceptions of mental disorders and positive health, focusing on when mental health is defined positively, as psychological well-being. Positive conceptions of health invariably embody or presuppose moral values. Marie Jahoda identified six (overlapping) criteria for positive health, which today, is the starting point for many contemporary discussions. These are: (1) self-esteem, (2) psychological integration, (3) personal autonomy, (4) self-actualization, (5) social coping, and (6) realistic cognition. It is argued that these criteria are closely linked, respectively, to self-respect, integrity, moral autonomy, authenticity, responsibility, and truthfulness. They are not synonymous with these virtues, however, and each feature can be unfolded in subjective or objective directions, thereby reflecting ambiguities in the therapeutic trend.Less
This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 1 on the ways moral values are embedded in conceptions of mental disorders and positive health, focusing on when mental health is defined positively, as psychological well-being. Positive conceptions of health invariably embody or presuppose moral values. Marie Jahoda identified six (overlapping) criteria for positive health, which today, is the starting point for many contemporary discussions. These are: (1) self-esteem, (2) psychological integration, (3) personal autonomy, (4) self-actualization, (5) social coping, and (6) realistic cognition. It is argued that these criteria are closely linked, respectively, to self-respect, integrity, moral autonomy, authenticity, responsibility, and truthfulness. They are not synonymous with these virtues, however, and each feature can be unfolded in subjective or objective directions, thereby reflecting ambiguities in the therapeutic trend.
Mike W. Martin
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2006
- ISBN:
- 9780195304718
- eISBN:
- 9780199786572
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195304713.003.0005
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Moral Philosophy
Critics have interpreted the therapeutic trend as a replacement of community-oriented morality with self-oriented therapeutic values such as self-esteem, self-fulfilment, and authenticity. They ...
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Critics have interpreted the therapeutic trend as a replacement of community-oriented morality with self-oriented therapeutic values such as self-esteem, self-fulfilment, and authenticity. They charge that exporting therapeutic attitudes from the clinic to the community erodes moral responsibility by fostering moral subjectivity and shallowness, lowering moral aspiration, and encouraging selfishness and a victim mentality. This chapter responds to these charges, including their application to self-help groups and moral education, and argues that the critics identify genuine dangers but exaggerate them. For the most part, the therapeutic trend integrates morality with therapy, albeit with varying degrees of success, rather than abandoning it.Less
Critics have interpreted the therapeutic trend as a replacement of community-oriented morality with self-oriented therapeutic values such as self-esteem, self-fulfilment, and authenticity. They charge that exporting therapeutic attitudes from the clinic to the community erodes moral responsibility by fostering moral subjectivity and shallowness, lowering moral aspiration, and encouraging selfishness and a victim mentality. This chapter responds to these charges, including their application to self-help groups and moral education, and argues that the critics identify genuine dangers but exaggerate them. For the most part, the therapeutic trend integrates morality with therapy, albeit with varying degrees of success, rather than abandoning it.
Felicia Pratto and Demis E. Glasford
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195300314
- eISBN:
- 9780199868698
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195300314.003.0007
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter examines the thesis that intergroup conflict may incite needs that can be met through intergroup reconciliation. In particular, it reviews research that suggests three needs that are ...
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This chapter examines the thesis that intergroup conflict may incite needs that can be met through intergroup reconciliation. In particular, it reviews research that suggests three needs that are particularly salient during intergroup conflict — the need for self-esteem, the need to belong, and the need for self-integrity — can also be fulfilled through intergroup reconciliation. In other words, intergroup conflict may motivate social-psychological needs that can be conducive to intergroup reconciliation.Less
This chapter examines the thesis that intergroup conflict may incite needs that can be met through intergroup reconciliation. In particular, it reviews research that suggests three needs that are particularly salient during intergroup conflict — the need for self-esteem, the need to belong, and the need for self-integrity — can also be fulfilled through intergroup reconciliation. In other words, intergroup conflict may motivate social-psychological needs that can be conducive to intergroup reconciliation.
Peter J. Burke and Jan E. Stets
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780195388275
- eISBN:
- 9780199943937
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388275.003.0017
- Subject:
- Sociology, Social Psychology and Interaction
This chapter examines the identity control model and the identity-verification process. It pinpoints the component parts of identities and studies the present understandings on the way identities ...
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This chapter examines the identity control model and the identity-verification process. It pinpoints the component parts of identities and studies the present understandings on the way identities work. It shows the four types of interruptions that can occur in the identity process and explains how self-esteem can become an outcome of the verification process. Finally, it presents some studies on identity-verification.Less
This chapter examines the identity control model and the identity-verification process. It pinpoints the component parts of identities and studies the present understandings on the way identities work. It shows the four types of interruptions that can occur in the identity process and explains how self-esteem can become an outcome of the verification process. Finally, it presents some studies on identity-verification.
Prudence L. Carter
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199899630
- eISBN:
- 9780199951147
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199899630.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Education, Race and Ethnicity
Chapter Four examines the differences in a core concept in the book, “cultural flexibility” (or the propensity to move across different cultural and social peer groups and environments), among ...
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Chapter Four examines the differences in a core concept in the book, “cultural flexibility” (or the propensity to move across different cultural and social peer groups and environments), among students enrolled in either majority-minority or white-dominant schools. Findings reveal that Black students who attended majority-minority schools showed more cultural flexibility and greater self-esteem than those attending white-dominant schools. Among white students, regional location and representation in advanced placement or honors classes mattered. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this chapter links these patterns to how students are organized and represented within educational activities in their schools. In addition, it discusses how students make sense of their social relationships and their (un)willingness to cross social and academic lines, given their respective schools' and communities' social climates.Less
Chapter Four examines the differences in a core concept in the book, “cultural flexibility” (or the propensity to move across different cultural and social peer groups and environments), among students enrolled in either majority-minority or white-dominant schools. Findings reveal that Black students who attended majority-minority schools showed more cultural flexibility and greater self-esteem than those attending white-dominant schools. Among white students, regional location and representation in advanced placement or honors classes mattered. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this chapter links these patterns to how students are organized and represented within educational activities in their schools. In addition, it discusses how students make sense of their social relationships and their (un)willingness to cross social and academic lines, given their respective schools' and communities' social climates.
David R. Dupper
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780199859597
- eISBN:
- 9780199315932
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199859597.001.0001
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Bullying is one of the most prevalent and insidious forms of school violence today, impacting the learning environment of schools in profound ways. Victims of chronic bullying have poorer grades, ...
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Bullying is one of the most prevalent and insidious forms of school violence today, impacting the learning environment of schools in profound ways. Victims of chronic bullying have poorer grades, increased rates of truancy, increased rates of dropping out, loss of self-esteem, feelings of isolation, depression, and increased risk of suicide attempts. This book is unique in utilizing a larger cultural context and international perspective that broadens the traditional conceptualization of bullying and that promotes creative approaches to a seemingly intractable and complex problem. In addition, the book investigates several “under the radar” forms of bullying (e.g., religious bullying, bullying by teachers and other adults in schools), as well as the unique challenges in assessing these largely unacknowledged forms of bullying in today's U.S. public schools. Viewing bullying as a systematic abuse of power, this book examines all the ways in which power is misused in schools. The book also dispels important myths about bullies and focuses on the increasingly important role that peer witnesses play in exacerbating as well as combating bullying in schools. Consistent with an ecological systems perspective, it utilizes a whole school approach as a framework for developing and implementing comprehensive evidence-based interventions to combat bullying in schools.Less
Bullying is one of the most prevalent and insidious forms of school violence today, impacting the learning environment of schools in profound ways. Victims of chronic bullying have poorer grades, increased rates of truancy, increased rates of dropping out, loss of self-esteem, feelings of isolation, depression, and increased risk of suicide attempts. This book is unique in utilizing a larger cultural context and international perspective that broadens the traditional conceptualization of bullying and that promotes creative approaches to a seemingly intractable and complex problem. In addition, the book investigates several “under the radar” forms of bullying (e.g., religious bullying, bullying by teachers and other adults in schools), as well as the unique challenges in assessing these largely unacknowledged forms of bullying in today's U.S. public schools. Viewing bullying as a systematic abuse of power, this book examines all the ways in which power is misused in schools. The book also dispels important myths about bullies and focuses on the increasingly important role that peer witnesses play in exacerbating as well as combating bullying in schools. Consistent with an ecological systems perspective, it utilizes a whole school approach as a framework for developing and implementing comprehensive evidence-based interventions to combat bullying in schools.
Dan P. McAdams
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- September 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780195176933
- eISBN:
- 9780199786787
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195176933.003.0010
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
The redemptive self is a psychologically powerful life narrative that supports a caring and productive (that is, generative) approach to life in the midlife years. However, the story is not without ...
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The redemptive self is a psychologically powerful life narrative that supports a caring and productive (that is, generative) approach to life in the midlife years. However, the story is not without its shortcomings — shortcomings that reveal peculiar features of American narrative identity. This chapter identifies and analyzes four potential problems inherent in redemptive life narratives: (1) the conflict between power/freedom and love/community; (2) the arrogance and self-righteousness that comes from (individual and cultural) narratives of American exceptionalism; (3) the danger of redemptive violence; and (4) naïve expectations regarding the deliverance from suffering and the denial of tragedy in human life, from such experiences as living through the Holocaust. The classic of American sociology, The Lonely Crowd, a study of the changing American character, is also discussed.Less
The redemptive self is a psychologically powerful life narrative that supports a caring and productive (that is, generative) approach to life in the midlife years. However, the story is not without its shortcomings — shortcomings that reveal peculiar features of American narrative identity. This chapter identifies and analyzes four potential problems inherent in redemptive life narratives: (1) the conflict between power/freedom and love/community; (2) the arrogance and self-righteousness that comes from (individual and cultural) narratives of American exceptionalism; (3) the danger of redemptive violence; and (4) naïve expectations regarding the deliverance from suffering and the denial of tragedy in human life, from such experiences as living through the Holocaust. The classic of American sociology, The Lonely Crowd, a study of the changing American character, is also discussed.
Jerome Neu
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- January 2008
- ISBN:
- 9780195314311
- eISBN:
- 9780199871780
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195314311.003.0001
- Subject:
- Philosophy, Philosophy of Language
Starting with etymological issues, this chapter focuses on the relation of feeling insulted to anger and dejection, the contrast between intentional and unintentional insult, and issues of ...
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Starting with etymological issues, this chapter focuses on the relation of feeling insulted to anger and dejection, the contrast between intentional and unintentional insult, and issues of self-respect and self-esteem. Disappointed expectations of attention and respect can lead in extreme situations to moral insult when one's essential identity is undermined, as it may be by certain forms of profiling and discrimination.Less
Starting with etymological issues, this chapter focuses on the relation of feeling insulted to anger and dejection, the contrast between intentional and unintentional insult, and issues of self-respect and self-esteem. Disappointed expectations of attention and respect can lead in extreme situations to moral insult when one's essential identity is undermined, as it may be by certain forms of profiling and discrimination.
Leslie R. Martin, Kelly B. Haskard-Zolnierek, and M. Robin DiMatteo
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- February 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195380408
- eISBN:
- 9780199864454
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195380408.003.0002
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
This chapter explores the factors that influence people to initially adopt, and then to pursue, a health-related goal. These include things such as social comparisons, emotions (e.g., fear or ...
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This chapter explores the factors that influence people to initially adopt, and then to pursue, a health-related goal. These include things such as social comparisons, emotions (e.g., fear or inspiration), logical reasoning, pressure from others, and a sense of self-efficacy. The most appropriate uses of upward and downward comparisons are examined, and the importance of one’s sense of competence and self-esteem when setting goals is discussed. The elements of persuasive messages (and messengers) are described, along with suggestions for how healthcare providers might make their own communications with patients more compelling. Recognizing teachable moments is important, as is knowing the unique characteristics of the patient in order to target persuasive messages most effectively. Factors that influence perseverance, such as expectations, optimism, self-efficacy, social support, and perceptions of benefits and costs are also evaluated.Less
This chapter explores the factors that influence people to initially adopt, and then to pursue, a health-related goal. These include things such as social comparisons, emotions (e.g., fear or inspiration), logical reasoning, pressure from others, and a sense of self-efficacy. The most appropriate uses of upward and downward comparisons are examined, and the importance of one’s sense of competence and self-esteem when setting goals is discussed. The elements of persuasive messages (and messengers) are described, along with suggestions for how healthcare providers might make their own communications with patients more compelling. Recognizing teachable moments is important, as is knowing the unique characteristics of the patient in order to target persuasive messages most effectively. Factors that influence perseverance, such as expectations, optimism, self-efficacy, social support, and perceptions of benefits and costs are also evaluated.
Judy B. Rosener
- Published in print:
- 1998
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195119145
- eISBN:
- 9780199854882
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195119145.003.0005
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Strategy
The way that men perceive the women they encounter at work is often influenced by profession, ethnicity, age, religion, marital status, temperament, and other such elements. It is important to note ...
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The way that men perceive the women they encounter at work is often influenced by profession, ethnicity, age, religion, marital status, temperament, and other such elements. It is important to note that men somehow feel uncomfortable working with women but they cannot explicitly articulate the reason for such discomfort. One of the prominent issues seen in various literatures about the perspective of men entails how the self-image of a man is determined by the work that he does, and thus may also be associated with the issue of underutilization. In this chapter, the author explains how the results of his telephone interviews have taken on the changing roles of both men and women or the gender flux. This chapter examines issues such as the loss of control and power, loss of self-esteem and male identity, and increasing levels of sexual static.Less
The way that men perceive the women they encounter at work is often influenced by profession, ethnicity, age, religion, marital status, temperament, and other such elements. It is important to note that men somehow feel uncomfortable working with women but they cannot explicitly articulate the reason for such discomfort. One of the prominent issues seen in various literatures about the perspective of men entails how the self-image of a man is determined by the work that he does, and thus may also be associated with the issue of underutilization. In this chapter, the author explains how the results of his telephone interviews have taken on the changing roles of both men and women or the gender flux. This chapter examines issues such as the loss of control and power, loss of self-esteem and male identity, and increasing levels of sexual static.
Gerald Gunther
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195377774
- eISBN:
- 9780199869374
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377774.003.0001
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Legal History
This chapter details the early years of Learned Hand. Learned was born on January 27, 1872, the second and last child of Lydia and Samuel Hand. On the surface, his family environment seemed secure ...
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This chapter details the early years of Learned Hand. Learned was born on January 27, 1872, the second and last child of Lydia and Samuel Hand. On the surface, his family environment seemed secure and stable. Four protective women hovered over him, the only young male in the household. But there were darker undercurrents beneath the surface serenity. As a child, Learned was often fearful; and over the years, even as honors proliferated, he was beset with extraordinary self-doubts and anxieties. Throughout his life, the introspective Hand searched for explanations for his unconfident makeup and his low self-esteem. A closer look at his early years indeed discloses suggestive data pointing to both heredity and environment as contributing causes to Hand's insecurity.Less
This chapter details the early years of Learned Hand. Learned was born on January 27, 1872, the second and last child of Lydia and Samuel Hand. On the surface, his family environment seemed secure and stable. Four protective women hovered over him, the only young male in the household. But there were darker undercurrents beneath the surface serenity. As a child, Learned was often fearful; and over the years, even as honors proliferated, he was beset with extraordinary self-doubts and anxieties. Throughout his life, the introspective Hand searched for explanations for his unconfident makeup and his low self-esteem. A closer look at his early years indeed discloses suggestive data pointing to both heredity and environment as contributing causes to Hand's insecurity.
Gerald Gunther
- Published in print:
- 2010
- Published Online:
- January 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195377774
- eISBN:
- 9780199869374
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377774.003.0006
- Subject:
- Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Legal History
This chapter details Learned Hand's promotion to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. By the spring of 1917, after only eight years on the bench, Hand was the most senior judge of his district. He ...
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This chapter details Learned Hand's promotion to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. By the spring of 1917, after only eight years on the bench, Hand was the most senior judge of his district. He had grown more confident about his talents, and the increasing attention to his rulings by lawyers, fellow judges, and professional publications reinforced his self-esteem. Yet many of his daily chores as a district judge seemed ever more routine and dull. Increasingly, the Second Circuit summoned him to hear appeals, and he found that the appellate work gave him some of his most enjoyable and rewarding days. A permanent seat on the Circuit Court of Appeals, he knew, would assure him of regular work on legal problems of interest and significance. Hand entered the race for promotion in July 1924, and within a month, he learned that the nomination was his. His road to the Second Circuit was assured by the support he received from the judge whom he succeeded there, Julius Mayer. The Senate confirmed Hand, unanimously and without hesitation, on December 20. A few days later, Hand received his commission as circuit judge, and on December 29 he was sworn in by senior judge Charles M. Hough.Less
This chapter details Learned Hand's promotion to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. By the spring of 1917, after only eight years on the bench, Hand was the most senior judge of his district. He had grown more confident about his talents, and the increasing attention to his rulings by lawyers, fellow judges, and professional publications reinforced his self-esteem. Yet many of his daily chores as a district judge seemed ever more routine and dull. Increasingly, the Second Circuit summoned him to hear appeals, and he found that the appellate work gave him some of his most enjoyable and rewarding days. A permanent seat on the Circuit Court of Appeals, he knew, would assure him of regular work on legal problems of interest and significance. Hand entered the race for promotion in July 1924, and within a month, he learned that the nomination was his. His road to the Second Circuit was assured by the support he received from the judge whom he succeeded there, Julius Mayer. The Senate confirmed Hand, unanimously and without hesitation, on December 20. A few days later, Hand received his commission as circuit judge, and on December 29 he was sworn in by senior judge Charles M. Hough.
DAVID GARY SHAW
- Published in print:
- 1993
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198204015
- eISBN:
- 9780191676086
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204015.003.0001
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History
The medieval town's appeal is complex. More than any other field within medieval history, the study of towns provokes historians to view things as complete, sometimes sealed units. It is possible to ...
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The medieval town's appeal is complex. More than any other field within medieval history, the study of towns provokes historians to view things as complete, sometimes sealed units. It is possible to strengthen the appreciation of the crucial connections between mentality and economy, social structure and political life. The display of such cross-currents is one of the aims of this book. To this extent, the book's discussion of Wells is concerned with the particular dynamics and development of one English town, especially in the later Middle Ages. The book tries to address current issues in medieval urban historiography and its body of citizens, looking at the political and constitutional ferment in the context of collective ambition and group self-esteem. An important group of themes centres on this body of citizens, known then and in the book as the ‘Borough Community’. The word ‘community’ is still extremely popular and emotive today.Less
The medieval town's appeal is complex. More than any other field within medieval history, the study of towns provokes historians to view things as complete, sometimes sealed units. It is possible to strengthen the appreciation of the crucial connections between mentality and economy, social structure and political life. The display of such cross-currents is one of the aims of this book. To this extent, the book's discussion of Wells is concerned with the particular dynamics and development of one English town, especially in the later Middle Ages. The book tries to address current issues in medieval urban historiography and its body of citizens, looking at the political and constitutional ferment in the context of collective ambition and group self-esteem. An important group of themes centres on this body of citizens, known then and in the book as the ‘Borough Community’. The word ‘community’ is still extremely popular and emotive today.
James-William Coleman
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195152418
- eISBN:
- 9780199849314
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195152418.003.0006
- Subject:
- Religion, Buddhism
This chapter addresses the question of why Buddhism is one of the fastest growing religions in the West. Much of the new Buddhism's appeal in the postmodern era can be attributed to the unique ...
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This chapter addresses the question of why Buddhism is one of the fastest growing religions in the West. Much of the new Buddhism's appeal in the postmodern era can be attributed to the unique multilevel response it offers to this crisis of self. On one level, Buddhism, like other religions, offers support for an unstable identity and reinforcements to build our self-esteem. Buddhist seekers may easily come to identify themselves as wiser, more spiritual, and even more hip than their less enlightened brethren. On another level, Buddhism, like the psychotherapies that have shown such an explosive growth in popularity in the postmodern era, can offer considerable help with the reflexive regulation of the self.Less
This chapter addresses the question of why Buddhism is one of the fastest growing religions in the West. Much of the new Buddhism's appeal in the postmodern era can be attributed to the unique multilevel response it offers to this crisis of self. On one level, Buddhism, like other religions, offers support for an unstable identity and reinforcements to build our self-esteem. Buddhist seekers may easily come to identify themselves as wiser, more spiritual, and even more hip than their less enlightened brethren. On another level, Buddhism, like the psychotherapies that have shown such an explosive growth in popularity in the postmodern era, can offer considerable help with the reflexive regulation of the self.
Faye Mishna
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780199795406
- eISBN:
- 9780199949687
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199795406.003.0018
- Subject:
- Social Work, Children and Families
Interventions at all levels (the individual, the social and environmental) must include relational components and be delivered in the context of a positive relationship. The therapeutic work includes ...
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Interventions at all levels (the individual, the social and environmental) must include relational components and be delivered in the context of a positive relationship. The therapeutic work includes determining which relationships to target within the levels of the system. Positive relationships with parents, peers and teachers are invaluable protective factors, which can counter the effects of negative occurrences and challenges. The adult-child relationship influences children’s ability to manage in many areas, including bullying situations. This chapter includes: 1) a review of the relational context of therapeutic interventions; and 2) a review of therapeutic interventions that address the relationship levels in bullying. Strategies to increase self-acceptance and esteem for victimized youth are provided.Less
Interventions at all levels (the individual, the social and environmental) must include relational components and be delivered in the context of a positive relationship. The therapeutic work includes determining which relationships to target within the levels of the system. Positive relationships with parents, peers and teachers are invaluable protective factors, which can counter the effects of negative occurrences and challenges. The adult-child relationship influences children’s ability to manage in many areas, including bullying situations. This chapter includes: 1) a review of the relational context of therapeutic interventions; and 2) a review of therapeutic interventions that address the relationship levels in bullying. Strategies to increase self-acceptance and esteem for victimized youth are provided.
Stewart Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195177435
- eISBN:
- 9780199864690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177435.003.01
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
Positive self-esteem is considered an important fundamental in achieving successful performance. This chapter offers practice procedures for assessing one's level of optimism and confidence. It shows ...
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Positive self-esteem is considered an important fundamental in achieving successful performance. This chapter offers practice procedures for assessing one's level of optimism and confidence. It shows how to substitute positive thought patterns for negative ones, as well as offering specific exercises for changing one's self-perception.Less
Positive self-esteem is considered an important fundamental in achieving successful performance. This chapter offers practice procedures for assessing one's level of optimism and confidence. It shows how to substitute positive thought patterns for negative ones, as well as offering specific exercises for changing one's self-perception.
Stewart Gordon
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195177435
- eISBN:
- 9780199864690
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195177435.003.09
- Subject:
- Music, Performing Practice/Studies
This chapter returns to concepts considered in Chapter 1 in that it deals with self-esteem. It offers techniques for strengthening self-esteem on the eve of performance: delaying confrontation, ...
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This chapter returns to concepts considered in Chapter 1 in that it deals with self-esteem. It offers techniques for strengthening self-esteem on the eve of performance: delaying confrontation, replacing negative thought patterns with positive ones, taking into account the performer's basic temperament, and using internal imagery. The chapter concludes with several exercises.Less
This chapter returns to concepts considered in Chapter 1 in that it deals with self-esteem. It offers techniques for strengthening self-esteem on the eve of performance: delaying confrontation, replacing negative thought patterns with positive ones, taking into account the performer's basic temperament, and using internal imagery. The chapter concludes with several exercises.
William Ickes
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- April 2010
- ISBN:
- 9780195372953
- eISBN:
- 9780199893317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195372953.003.0009
- Subject:
- Psychology, Social Psychology
Shyness (also known as social anxiety) is not the same thing as self-consciousness. Shyness is an anxiety disorder that is specific to social situations. The aspect of self-consciousness known as ...
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Shyness (also known as social anxiety) is not the same thing as self-consciousness. Shyness is an anxiety disorder that is specific to social situations. The aspect of self-consciousness known as public self-consciousness appears to be a component of shyness, along with low self-esteem. This chapter presents a “vicious circle” model of shyness in which the social anxiety one experiences before a social encounter triggers negative thoughts and feelings that undermine one's ability to perform adequately during the social encounter, which in turn strengthens one's original negative beliefs after the encounter has ended. The results of many studies that are consistent with this model are reviewed. Surprisingly, perhaps, shyness is contagious: the partner of a shy individual comes to display similar thoughts, feelings, and behavior as the shy person does during an initial dyadic interaction.Less
Shyness (also known as social anxiety) is not the same thing as self-consciousness. Shyness is an anxiety disorder that is specific to social situations. The aspect of self-consciousness known as public self-consciousness appears to be a component of shyness, along with low self-esteem. This chapter presents a “vicious circle” model of shyness in which the social anxiety one experiences before a social encounter triggers negative thoughts and feelings that undermine one's ability to perform adequately during the social encounter, which in turn strengthens one's original negative beliefs after the encounter has ended. The results of many studies that are consistent with this model are reviewed. Surprisingly, perhaps, shyness is contagious: the partner of a shy individual comes to display similar thoughts, feelings, and behavior as the shy person does during an initial dyadic interaction.
