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The author submits that the English School of International Relations could usefully engage in a dialogue with the literature emerging under the umbrella label of Critical Security Studies (CSS), suggesting that the security of individuals should be incorporated into the understanding of international society. He begins by providing a brief description of CSS, identifying it as a deeper (in that it recognizes that security is derived from societal assumptions about the nature of politics), broader (in that it recognizes that security extends beyond the threat and use of military force), and more focused (on emancipation) approach to understanding security. He then frames his discussion of CSS and the English School around four central questions: the first asks what is security, the second asks whose security should be prioritized, and the third asks what counts as a security issue. The approaches of the English School of International Relations offer a restricted response to all three of these questions, and CSS also challenges the School's belief in the central value of international order by insisting that in the long run human emancipation may involve the removal of international order as the primary value. Finally, the author asks who or what can provide security – what is to be done to promote an emancipatory politics of security in the contemporary era.

This introductory chapter presents the national security concerns regarding the North Korea’s Korean People’s Army. The army remains one of the most serious threats to the peace and security of the neighboring countries since its Special Forces are deemed especially capable of wreaking havoc on South Korea’s defense. Hence, movements of tanks, airplanes, and ships are scrutinized for any clues to the military’s tactics, strategy, or objectives. Though these issues matter a great deal to outsiders who can potentially suffer disastrous consequences, there is a host of non-traditional security (NTS) issues that have more immediate and graver impacts on the people in North Korea. Supplies of cooking fuel and foodstuffs, for example, are more pressing and more immediate issues for most in the North than weapons of mass destruction.

This chapter considers the elements of plant breeding in relation to the debate on plant variety production. It considers the second biggest barrier to agricultural trade, which is caused when poor nations fail to protect plant breeding innovations. It then looks at the process of plant breeding and identifies the advantages of hybrids. This chapter also examines the historical context of the debate on plant breeding, the model of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act of 2004. The adoption by the Indian government of the model of confining plant breeding to the public sector to address food security issues is also discussed.

This chapter argues, in the context of postwar Croatia, that human security issues are of central concern and should not be treated as secondary to state security. Moreover, the causes of state insecurity and human insecurity are similar, necessitating solutions that are intertwined. From the Greek Civil War in the 1940s to the more recent conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, research has shown that local ruptures were more important than national ones. Thus, addressing human security concerns is not just a dividend of peace. It is indispensable to postconflict reconstruction and preventing the recurrence of conflict. It also puts people's welfare at the center of the agenda, along with their priorities and needs.

This chapter states that the crusade against crime — illegal drug trafficking in particular — has put the Caribbean settlers'lives in peril. In addition, the context of security has brooded an even greater sense of depression that the people of the region have had to face. This chapter also discusses the idea that security issues and threats will always coincide with the further advancement of globalization. The chapter also focuses on various organizations that take part in international security affairs. The chapter points out that the possibility of having a transnational policing government can only be accomplished by attaining a more cosmopolitan approach regarding the definition of police responsibilities. This chapter also stresses that peace and order is something that needs careful planning — something that cannot be achieved over a short period of time. The chapter also includes a list of interviewees as well as on-point details for policing the region.

This chapter highlights the intersectional impacts of feminist attention to violence against women. Many of the hallmarks of the American approach to addressing rape and domestic violence lack efficacy as well as presenting significant threats to women's autonomy. The problems arising from these approaches are closely tied to the way feminists conceived of the problem and to the state's responsibility in addressing it. Thus, the complex development of strategies to combat violence against women in the United States provides an example of the hazards of too much reliance upon the state to address human security issues. Indeed, a historical analysis of policy responses to sexual violence in the United States shows how state-based strategies initiated by feminists inadvertently contributed to criminalizing a large section of American men who disproportionately represent ethnic minorities and immigrant groups.

In order to convene a general meeting in a lawful manner a valid and regular notice of the general meeting must be issued to all of the members who are entitled to receive notice. There are a number of fundamental requirements of a valid notice. A valid notice of a general meeting must: