Michael Mulqueen
- Published in print:
- 2009
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719080272
- eISBN:
- 9781781702734
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719080272.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
On the afternoon of September 11 2001 the Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach), Bertie Ahern ordered the ‘heads of the security services of key government departments’ to undertake a complete ...
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On the afternoon of September 11 2001 the Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach), Bertie Ahern ordered the ‘heads of the security services of key government departments’ to undertake a complete re-evaluation of measures to protect the state from attack. Hence, underway within hours of the 9/11 outrage in the United States was potentially the most far-reaching review of Irish national security in decades. This book, an academic investigation of Irish national security policy as it has operated since 9/11, provides a theoretically informed analysis of that re-evaluation and the decisions that were taken as a consequence of it up until September 2008. In so doing, it draws on unprecedented access to Ireland's police, security and intelligence agencies; over twenty senior personnel agreed to be interviewed. Questions are raised over the effectiveness of the Irish agencies, the relative absence of naval and airborne defence and the impact on national security of the policy imperative to transform the Defence Forces, particularly the army, for more robust missions overseas. The book also considers the securitisation of Irish immigration policy and the apparent absence of a coherent integration policy despite international evidence suggesting the potential for radicalisation in socially marginalised western communities. Theoretically, the book demonstrates the utility to the analysis of national security policy of three conceptual models of historical institutionalism, governmental politics and threat evaluation.Less
On the afternoon of September 11 2001 the Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach), Bertie Ahern ordered the ‘heads of the security services of key government departments’ to undertake a complete re-evaluation of measures to protect the state from attack. Hence, underway within hours of the 9/11 outrage in the United States was potentially the most far-reaching review of Irish national security in decades. This book, an academic investigation of Irish national security policy as it has operated since 9/11, provides a theoretically informed analysis of that re-evaluation and the decisions that were taken as a consequence of it up until September 2008. In so doing, it draws on unprecedented access to Ireland's police, security and intelligence agencies; over twenty senior personnel agreed to be interviewed. Questions are raised over the effectiveness of the Irish agencies, the relative absence of naval and airborne defence and the impact on national security of the policy imperative to transform the Defence Forces, particularly the army, for more robust missions overseas. The book also considers the securitisation of Irish immigration policy and the apparent absence of a coherent integration policy despite international evidence suggesting the potential for radicalisation in socially marginalised western communities. Theoretically, the book demonstrates the utility to the analysis of national security policy of three conceptual models of historical institutionalism, governmental politics and threat evaluation.
Masahiko Aoki
- Published in print:
- 1995
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780198288992
- eISBN:
- 9780191601224
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0198288999.003.0004
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics, South and East Asia
This chapter examines whether the Japanese main bank system offers different monitoring and controlling perspectives from the Anglo-American securities based financial system. It is argued that the ...
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This chapter examines whether the Japanese main bank system offers different monitoring and controlling perspectives from the Anglo-American securities based financial system. It is argued that the performance characteristics of a financial system depends on the level of development, and on the systematic characteristics of the economy with which it is embedded. The Japanese financial system is unlikely to be transformed into the securities-based system of the Anglo-American type, in spite of the increasing securitisation of financial instruments. Further deregulation may make the bank system adaptable to such an environment.Less
This chapter examines whether the Japanese main bank system offers different monitoring and controlling perspectives from the Anglo-American securities based financial system. It is argued that the performance characteristics of a financial system depends on the level of development, and on the systematic characteristics of the economy with which it is embedded. The Japanese financial system is unlikely to be transformed into the securities-based system of the Anglo-American type, in spite of the increasing securitisation of financial instruments. Further deregulation may make the bank system adaptable to such an environment.
Andreas Hackethal
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- January 2005
- ISBN:
- 9780199253166
- eISBN:
- 9780191601651
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199253161.003.0003
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
Examines past and present structural features of the German banking industry. It shows empirically that – whilst conventional commercial banking is clearly in decline in the United States – the ...
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Examines past and present structural features of the German banking industry. It shows empirically that – whilst conventional commercial banking is clearly in decline in the United States – the traditional dominance of banks in the German financial system has not eroded significantly over the last three decades. The way in which, and the extent to which, German banks fulfil the central functions for the German financial system are still consistent with its overall logic. A structural convergence of the German system towards the market-oriented financial systems of the United States or the United Kingdom is therefore unlikely in the foreseeable future.Less
Examines past and present structural features of the German banking industry. It shows empirically that – whilst conventional commercial banking is clearly in decline in the United States – the traditional dominance of banks in the German financial system has not eroded significantly over the last three decades. The way in which, and the extent to which, German banks fulfil the central functions for the German financial system are still consistent with its overall logic. A structural convergence of the German system towards the market-oriented financial systems of the United States or the United Kingdom is therefore unlikely in the foreseeable future.
Olivia S. Mitchell and Kent Smetters
- Published in print:
- 2003
- Published Online:
- August 2004
- ISBN:
- 9780199266913
- eISBN:
- 9780191601323
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0199266913.003.0013
- Subject:
- Economics and Finance, Financial Economics
This chapter discusses the design and valuation of non-traditional asset-backed securities (ABS) and derivatives. Non-traditional ABS and derivatives provide a new source of diversification, have ...
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This chapter discusses the design and valuation of non-traditional asset-backed securities (ABS) and derivatives. Non-traditional ABS and derivatives provide a new source of diversification, have attractive yields compared to conventional securities, and enable pension fund managers to take positions in risk-return tranches. However, securities are also characterised by highly skewed returns such that traditional capital asset pricing model benchmarking may give misleading results.Less
This chapter discusses the design and valuation of non-traditional asset-backed securities (ABS) and derivatives. Non-traditional ABS and derivatives provide a new source of diversification, have attractive yields compared to conventional securities, and enable pension fund managers to take positions in risk-return tranches. However, securities are also characterised by highly skewed returns such that traditional capital asset pricing model benchmarking may give misleading results.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0004
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In September 1999, Russian federal forces moved into the Republic of Chechnya, a constituent part of the Russian Federation located in the North-Caucasus region. This military campaign came to be ...
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In September 1999, Russian federal forces moved into the Republic of Chechnya, a constituent part of the Russian Federation located in the North-Caucasus region. This military campaign came to be known as the second Chechen war, following on from the first Chechen war of 1994–1996, and an uneasy period of peace and de facto self-rule lasting for three years between 1996 and 1999. The existence of conflicting discourses in relation to the situation in Chechnya illuminates well the way in which Vladimir Putin's government, and particularly in this case Putin himself, have consciously used the discourse of securitisation in some settings, at the same time as employing the conflicting discourse of ‘de-securitisation’ or ‘normalisation’ in others. International criticism of Russia's actions in the republic has been countered by the insistence that the Chechen conflict is a key part of the war against terrorism. After describing Russia's counter-terrorism in Chechnya, this chapter discusses Putin's commitment to political normalisation through the support of accelerated reconstruction, social provisions, and economic recovery.Less
In September 1999, Russian federal forces moved into the Republic of Chechnya, a constituent part of the Russian Federation located in the North-Caucasus region. This military campaign came to be known as the second Chechen war, following on from the first Chechen war of 1994–1996, and an uneasy period of peace and de facto self-rule lasting for three years between 1996 and 1999. The existence of conflicting discourses in relation to the situation in Chechnya illuminates well the way in which Vladimir Putin's government, and particularly in this case Putin himself, have consciously used the discourse of securitisation in some settings, at the same time as employing the conflicting discourse of ‘de-securitisation’ or ‘normalisation’ in others. International criticism of Russia's actions in the republic has been countered by the insistence that the Chechen conflict is a key part of the war against terrorism. After describing Russia's counter-terrorism in Chechnya, this chapter discusses Putin's commitment to political normalisation through the support of accelerated reconstruction, social provisions, and economic recovery.
Andrew W. Neal
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781474450928
- eISBN:
- 9781474465342
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450928.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Security Studies
This book argues that while ‘security’ was once an anti-political ‘exception’ in liberal democracies – a black box of secret intelligence and military decision-making at the dark heart of the state – ...
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This book argues that while ‘security’ was once an anti-political ‘exception’ in liberal democracies – a black box of secret intelligence and military decision-making at the dark heart of the state – it has now become normalised in professional political life. This represents a direct challenge to critical security studies and securitisation debates and their core assumption that security is a kind of illiberal and undemocratic ‘anti-politics’. The book investigates security from the perspective of professional political practice - historically, sociologically and theoretically. Using an extended UK case study, including interviews with parliamentarians and former security ministers, it examines security politics from the early 1980s to the present day to show how its meaning and practice have changed over time. It explores the history of legislative/executive relations on security, including the reasons for parliamentary exclusion from security policy making such as executive secrecy and parliamentary deference. The book demonstrates that political activity on security has increased to such an extent that it requires a rethink of the assumed pathological relationship between ‘politics’ and ‘security’. Security has been migrating from the realm of exceptional politics to one of ‘normal politics’.Less
This book argues that while ‘security’ was once an anti-political ‘exception’ in liberal democracies – a black box of secret intelligence and military decision-making at the dark heart of the state – it has now become normalised in professional political life. This represents a direct challenge to critical security studies and securitisation debates and their core assumption that security is a kind of illiberal and undemocratic ‘anti-politics’. The book investigates security from the perspective of professional political practice - historically, sociologically and theoretically. Using an extended UK case study, including interviews with parliamentarians and former security ministers, it examines security politics from the early 1980s to the present day to show how its meaning and practice have changed over time. It explores the history of legislative/executive relations on security, including the reasons for parliamentary exclusion from security policy making such as executive secrecy and parliamentary deference. The book demonstrates that political activity on security has increased to such an extent that it requires a rethink of the assumed pathological relationship between ‘politics’ and ‘security’. Security has been migrating from the realm of exceptional politics to one of ‘normal politics’.
Christopher Baker-Beall
- Published in print:
- 2016
- Published Online:
- January 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780719091063
- eISBN:
- 9781526115294
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719091063.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book is about the language of the European Union’s response to the threat of terrorism: the ‘fight against terrorism’. Since its re-emergence in the wake of the terrorist attacks on September ...
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This book is about the language of the European Union’s response to the threat of terrorism: the ‘fight against terrorism’. Since its re-emergence in the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the ‘fight against terrorism’ has come to represent a priority area of action for the European Union (EU). Drawing on interpretive approaches to International Relations, the author outlines a discourse theory of identity and counter-terrorism policy in order to explore the ways in which the EU’s counter-terrorism discourse has been constructed and the ways in which it functions. Importantly, the author shows how the ‘fight against terrorism’ structures the EU response to terrorism through the prism of identity, drawing our attention to the various ‘others’ that have come to form the target of EU counter-terrorism policy. Through an extensive analysis of the wider societal impact of the EU’s ‘fight against terrorism’ discourse, the author reveals the various ways in which EU counter-terrorism policy is contributing to the ‘securitisation’ of social and political life within Europe.Less
This book is about the language of the European Union’s response to the threat of terrorism: the ‘fight against terrorism’. Since its re-emergence in the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the ‘fight against terrorism’ has come to represent a priority area of action for the European Union (EU). Drawing on interpretive approaches to International Relations, the author outlines a discourse theory of identity and counter-terrorism policy in order to explore the ways in which the EU’s counter-terrorism discourse has been constructed and the ways in which it functions. Importantly, the author shows how the ‘fight against terrorism’ structures the EU response to terrorism through the prism of identity, drawing our attention to the various ‘others’ that have come to form the target of EU counter-terrorism policy. Through an extensive analysis of the wider societal impact of the EU’s ‘fight against terrorism’ discourse, the author reveals the various ways in which EU counter-terrorism policy is contributing to the ‘securitisation’ of social and political life within Europe.
Caroline Kuzemko
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781447326601
- eISBN:
- 9781447326625
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447326601.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
This article explores one set of conditions under which a policy area, energy, became politicised. It also explores the relationship between concepts of 'speaking security', which claim that the ...
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This article explores one set of conditions under which a policy area, energy, became politicised. It also explores the relationship between concepts of 'speaking security', which claim that the language of security is politically potent, and notions of (de-) politicisation. It argues that the framing of energy supply as a security issue influenced an opening up of UK energy, which had been subject to processes of depoliticisation since the late 1980s, to greater political interest and deliberation. Speaking security about energy had a high degree of cognitive authority and was instrumental in revealing a lack of policy-making capacity in energy.Less
This article explores one set of conditions under which a policy area, energy, became politicised. It also explores the relationship between concepts of 'speaking security', which claim that the language of security is politically potent, and notions of (de-) politicisation. It argues that the framing of energy supply as a security issue influenced an opening up of UK energy, which had been subject to processes of depoliticisation since the late 1980s, to greater political interest and deliberation. Speaking security about energy had a high degree of cognitive authority and was instrumental in revealing a lack of policy-making capacity in energy.
Benjamin J. Cohen and Susan Strange
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9781784992668
- eISBN:
- 9781526104076
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781784992668.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, UK Politics
Technological change has been just as fast in financial business as in computers or telecoms. Innovations like derivatives, securitisation and hedge funds, added to the speed of electronic ...
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Technological change has been just as fast in financial business as in computers or telecoms. Innovations like derivatives, securitisation and hedge funds, added to the speed of electronic communication, have created a bigger, faster casino.Less
Technological change has been just as fast in financial business as in computers or telecoms. Innovations like derivatives, securitisation and hedge funds, added to the speed of electronic communication, have created a bigger, faster casino.
Peter Hopkins
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474427234
- eISBN:
- 9781474438407
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474427234.003.0001
- Subject:
- Religion, Islam
The chapters in this collection explore the everyday lives, experiences, practices and attitudes of Muslims in Scotland. In order to set the context for these chapters, in this introduction I explore ...
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The chapters in this collection explore the everyday lives, experiences, practices and attitudes of Muslims in Scotland. In order to set the context for these chapters, in this introduction I explore the early settlement of Muslims in Scotland and discuss some of the initial research projects that charted the settlement of Asians and Pakistanis in Scotland’s main cities. I then discuss the current situation for Muslims in Scotland through data from the 2011 Scottish Census. Following a short note about the significance of the Scottish context, in the final section, the main themes and issues that have been explored in research about Muslims in Scotland.Less
The chapters in this collection explore the everyday lives, experiences, practices and attitudes of Muslims in Scotland. In order to set the context for these chapters, in this introduction I explore the early settlement of Muslims in Scotland and discuss some of the initial research projects that charted the settlement of Asians and Pakistanis in Scotland’s main cities. I then discuss the current situation for Muslims in Scotland through data from the 2011 Scottish Census. Following a short note about the significance of the Scottish context, in the final section, the main themes and issues that have been explored in research about Muslims in Scotland.
Stuart Lowe
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- May 2012
- ISBN:
- 9781847422736
- eISBN:
- 9781447305514
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- DOI:
- 10.1332/policypress/9781847422736.003.0007
- Subject:
- Sociology, Urban and Rural Studies
A revolution in global finance following bank liberalisation in the 1980s and the invention of new methods of bundling debts into bonds — through the process of securitization — enabled banks to ...
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A revolution in global finance following bank liberalisation in the 1980s and the invention of new methods of bundling debts into bonds — through the process of securitization — enabled banks to separate the origination of mortgages from the long-term investment of these debts. In this new global financial system, a tsunami of capital was created that washed across the planet, creating a surge in house prices almost everywhere, especially in the house price bubble of 2000–5. There were, however, many variations in the institutional structure of mortgage systems, so the economic and social outcomes of peoples' access to new forms of lending at a national level were very varied. Societies with open/liberal markets benefited most as innumerable new mortgage products connected households to these global flows of capital. But even some of the social market economies were impacted by this new era of global finance, and integrated rental markets came under pressure. The process of housing equity withdrawal enabled homeowners to access accruing property values in ways previously impossible.Less
A revolution in global finance following bank liberalisation in the 1980s and the invention of new methods of bundling debts into bonds — through the process of securitization — enabled banks to separate the origination of mortgages from the long-term investment of these debts. In this new global financial system, a tsunami of capital was created that washed across the planet, creating a surge in house prices almost everywhere, especially in the house price bubble of 2000–5. There were, however, many variations in the institutional structure of mortgage systems, so the economic and social outcomes of peoples' access to new forms of lending at a national level were very varied. Societies with open/liberal markets benefited most as innumerable new mortgage products connected households to these global flows of capital. But even some of the social market economies were impacted by this new era of global finance, and integrated rental markets came under pressure. The process of housing equity withdrawal enabled homeowners to access accruing property values in ways previously impossible.
Adrian May
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2019
- ISBN:
- 9781786940438
- eISBN:
- 9781789629118
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3828/liverpool/9781786940438.003.0007
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
This chapter charts the political responses of Lignes in the new millennium, as securitisation methods, crises and states of exception replaced consensual liberalism as the dominant modes of ...
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This chapter charts the political responses of Lignes in the new millennium, as securitisation methods, crises and states of exception replaced consensual liberalism as the dominant modes of governance after 9/11. Rather than the review’s normal pessimistic stance, a reshuffled editorial board instead emphasised the need to reconstruct active, political agency to resist the governments of Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. An issue devoted to the militant Trotskyist David Rousset set the tone at the start of the new millennium, as Rousset’s experience in combatting concentration camps prompted the review to investigate the controversial use of migrant retention centres on French soil and theories of the State of Exception between Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. New routes to active political agency are then produced, firstly via Jacques Ranciere’s account of the eruption of new political voices and sans papiers activism. Lastly, Alain Badiou’s emphasis on extra-parliamentary politics the Idea of Communism is contrasted to Daniel Bensaïd’s stress on the need for a new, militant political party in the run-up to the 2012 presidential elections.Less
This chapter charts the political responses of Lignes in the new millennium, as securitisation methods, crises and states of exception replaced consensual liberalism as the dominant modes of governance after 9/11. Rather than the review’s normal pessimistic stance, a reshuffled editorial board instead emphasised the need to reconstruct active, political agency to resist the governments of Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy. An issue devoted to the militant Trotskyist David Rousset set the tone at the start of the new millennium, as Rousset’s experience in combatting concentration camps prompted the review to investigate the controversial use of migrant retention centres on French soil and theories of the State of Exception between Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. New routes to active political agency are then produced, firstly via Jacques Ranciere’s account of the eruption of new political voices and sans papiers activism. Lastly, Alain Badiou’s emphasis on extra-parliamentary politics the Idea of Communism is contrasted to Daniel Bensaïd’s stress on the need for a new, militant political party in the run-up to the 2012 presidential elections.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0002
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
For most of the twentieth century Russia was markedly more authoritarian than it is today. Nonetheless, many observers of Russia in the first decade of the twenty-first century see a country ...
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For most of the twentieth century Russia was markedly more authoritarian than it is today. Nonetheless, many observers of Russia in the first decade of the twenty-first century see a country increasingly moving back to authoritarianism, in comparison with the democratising moves and mood of the 1990s. This chapter places developments in contemporary Russia within the empirical and analytical contexts of the post-Soviet period. There is an apparent duality about both of these contexts, and this duality is centred on the issue of democratisation. Since President Putin's election in 2000, many observers have remarked on the ‘two faces’ of Vladimir Putin — is he a democratic or an authoritarian leader? Legitimate though this question undoubtedly is, this chapter argues that its inherent duality arises partly from the dominant analytical frameworks of the post-Soviet era, and militates against a more holistic and explanatory understanding of the current Russian regime. It also outlines the securitisation approach and assesses its applicability to domestic politics in contemporary Russia, focusing on areas such as security and the Chechen conflict, economic policy, and migration policy.Less
For most of the twentieth century Russia was markedly more authoritarian than it is today. Nonetheless, many observers of Russia in the first decade of the twenty-first century see a country increasingly moving back to authoritarianism, in comparison with the democratising moves and mood of the 1990s. This chapter places developments in contemporary Russia within the empirical and analytical contexts of the post-Soviet period. There is an apparent duality about both of these contexts, and this duality is centred on the issue of democratisation. Since President Putin's election in 2000, many observers have remarked on the ‘two faces’ of Vladimir Putin — is he a democratic or an authoritarian leader? Legitimate though this question undoubtedly is, this chapter argues that its inherent duality arises partly from the dominant analytical frameworks of the post-Soviet era, and militates against a more holistic and explanatory understanding of the current Russian regime. It also outlines the securitisation approach and assesses its applicability to domestic politics in contemporary Russia, focusing on areas such as security and the Chechen conflict, economic policy, and migration policy.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0005
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Fears about the deterioration of press freedom in Russia during the presidency of Vladimir Putin have been widely discussed since his election in March 2000. Concerns with regards to adverse ...
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Fears about the deterioration of press freedom in Russia during the presidency of Vladimir Putin have been widely discussed since his election in March 2000. Concerns with regards to adverse developments of press freedom under Putin have been voiced particularly about the closure of independent broadcast and print media outlets in recent years. This chapter discusses developments in the sphere of mass media and information in Russia under the Putin leadership through the framework of securitisation. First, it discusses media coverage of terrorism and elections and looks at government attempts to securitise such coverage. It then considers the secrecy of policy making in the media sphere and examines the obstruction of the activities of commercial and foreign media in the country. The chapter concludes that ‘behind the scenes’ involvement of security forces in the handling and regulation of the media sphere seems to have made a considerable contribution to the securitisation of the media sphere and to the perception that media freedom in contemporary Russia is deteriorating.Less
Fears about the deterioration of press freedom in Russia during the presidency of Vladimir Putin have been widely discussed since his election in March 2000. Concerns with regards to adverse developments of press freedom under Putin have been voiced particularly about the closure of independent broadcast and print media outlets in recent years. This chapter discusses developments in the sphere of mass media and information in Russia under the Putin leadership through the framework of securitisation. First, it discusses media coverage of terrorism and elections and looks at government attempts to securitise such coverage. It then considers the secrecy of policy making in the media sphere and examines the obstruction of the activities of commercial and foreign media in the country. The chapter concludes that ‘behind the scenes’ involvement of security forces in the handling and regulation of the media sphere seems to have made a considerable contribution to the securitisation of the media sphere and to the perception that media freedom in contemporary Russia is deteriorating.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0006
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Beginning with the religion law of 1997, and progressing through laws on social organisations, political parties, extremists, migration, foreigners, the media, and political demonstrations, the ...
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Beginning with the religion law of 1997, and progressing through laws on social organisations, political parties, extremists, migration, foreigners, the media, and political demonstrations, the Russian state has tightened up its control of civil society in recent years. According to Aleksandr Gurov, a current member and former chairman, the Duma Committee for Security considers the concept of national security in the widest sense. This chapter examines securitisation in contemporary Russia as a specific feature of domestic policy-making. It focuses on the use of the securitisation discourse to convince key audiences — policymakers, legislators, and the general public — that particular policy areas are legitimate security concerns and therefore require special attention, oversight, and control. The first example of a securitisation discourse in a specific area of civil society in contemporary Russia is in relation to religion and, specifically, the Law On Religious Associations passed in 1997. As part of its analysis of Russia's securitisation efforts in the areas of spirituality and extremism, this chapter also discusses other legislation on civil society including the Law On Combating Extremist Activity enacted in 2002.Less
Beginning with the religion law of 1997, and progressing through laws on social organisations, political parties, extremists, migration, foreigners, the media, and political demonstrations, the Russian state has tightened up its control of civil society in recent years. According to Aleksandr Gurov, a current member and former chairman, the Duma Committee for Security considers the concept of national security in the widest sense. This chapter examines securitisation in contemporary Russia as a specific feature of domestic policy-making. It focuses on the use of the securitisation discourse to convince key audiences — policymakers, legislators, and the general public — that particular policy areas are legitimate security concerns and therefore require special attention, oversight, and control. The first example of a securitisation discourse in a specific area of civil society in contemporary Russia is in relation to religion and, specifically, the Law On Religious Associations passed in 1997. As part of its analysis of Russia's securitisation efforts in the areas of spirituality and extremism, this chapter also discusses other legislation on civil society including the Law On Combating Extremist Activity enacted in 2002.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0007
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In contemporary Russia, official discourse on migration has focused on the portrayal of illegal migrant labour as an existential threat to the national economy. Speaking about the impact of illegal ...
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In contemporary Russia, official discourse on migration has focused on the portrayal of illegal migrant labour as an existential threat to the national economy. Speaking about the impact of illegal migrant labour on unemployment figures, President Vladimir Putin pointed to migration as one of the most serious problems facing the far east of Russia, where an influx of foreign workers, primarily Chinese, has been deemed responsible for pushing locals out of the labour market. Putin unequivocally asserted that the right to work must be guaranteed first of all to all Russian citizens. Another strand of Russian securitising discourse relating to migration exposes an explicit correlation of migration with crime in a broader context. There is one further aspect related to migration policy in Russia: the demographic crisis which the country is facing in the early decades of the twenty-first century. The main governmental institution in charge of implementing migration policy in contemporary Russia is the FMS. This chapter explores Russia's migration policy carried out in recent years within the framework of securitisation and normalisation.Less
In contemporary Russia, official discourse on migration has focused on the portrayal of illegal migrant labour as an existential threat to the national economy. Speaking about the impact of illegal migrant labour on unemployment figures, President Vladimir Putin pointed to migration as one of the most serious problems facing the far east of Russia, where an influx of foreign workers, primarily Chinese, has been deemed responsible for pushing locals out of the labour market. Putin unequivocally asserted that the right to work must be guaranteed first of all to all Russian citizens. Another strand of Russian securitising discourse relating to migration exposes an explicit correlation of migration with crime in a broader context. There is one further aspect related to migration policy in Russia: the demographic crisis which the country is facing in the early decades of the twenty-first century. The main governmental institution in charge of implementing migration policy in contemporary Russia is the FMS. This chapter explores Russia's migration policy carried out in recent years within the framework of securitisation and normalisation.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0008
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
In the USSR, concerns about security in relation to the economy were institutionalised. With the partial exception of the final years under Mikhail Gorbachev, it was accepted as normal that security ...
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In the USSR, concerns about security in relation to the economy were institutionalised. With the partial exception of the final years under Mikhail Gorbachev, it was accepted as normal that security considerations exerted a strong influence on economic policy and on the public presentation of the economy, in terms of statistics, to both Soviet citizens and the outside world. With the end of communist rule and the planned economy in Russia at the end of 1991, the institutionalised regime of economic security, already weakened by the Gorbachev reforms, effectively collapsed. This chapter contextualises the securitisation debate in relation to the economy, focusing on the question: Is the economic policy of contemporary Russia being securitised? It also examines the renewed interest in economic security under Vladimir Putin; looks at the scandal involving Aleksei Pichugin, head of the department of internal economic security of the Yukos oil company; discusses the ‘securitisation’ of Russia's military economy; and comments on the rise and fall of ‘economic security’ in the country.Less
In the USSR, concerns about security in relation to the economy were institutionalised. With the partial exception of the final years under Mikhail Gorbachev, it was accepted as normal that security considerations exerted a strong influence on economic policy and on the public presentation of the economy, in terms of statistics, to both Soviet citizens and the outside world. With the end of communist rule and the planned economy in Russia at the end of 1991, the institutionalised regime of economic security, already weakened by the Gorbachev reforms, effectively collapsed. This chapter contextualises the securitisation debate in relation to the economy, focusing on the question: Is the economic policy of contemporary Russia being securitised? It also examines the renewed interest in economic security under Vladimir Putin; looks at the scandal involving Aleksei Pichugin, head of the department of internal economic security of the Yukos oil company; discusses the ‘securitisation’ of Russia's military economy; and comments on the rise and fall of ‘economic security’ in the country.
Edwin Bacon, Bettina Renz, and Julian Cooper
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- July 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780719072246
- eISBN:
- 9781781701317
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9780719072246.003.0009
- Subject:
- Political Science, International Relations and Politics
This book has analysed a number of different aspects of Russia today through the prism of security. Using the securitisation approach developed in the sphere of international relations, it has ...
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This book has analysed a number of different aspects of Russia today through the prism of security. Using the securitisation approach developed in the sphere of international relations, it has considered contemporary Russian domestic politics in relation to Chechen separatism, the media, terrorism, religion, political parties, nationalism, migration, and the economy. Although there are of course connections between these policy areas — some more so than others — each chapter can be read on its own as an overview of policy development in its designated field, with an emphasis on the role that security concerns have played in the creation and implementation of policy. This concluding chapter brings together these mezo-level analyses into a macro-level assessment of contemporary Russia. In essence, it asks how accurate it is to portray Russia under Vladimir Putin as a country where policy-making is dominated by security.Less
This book has analysed a number of different aspects of Russia today through the prism of security. Using the securitisation approach developed in the sphere of international relations, it has considered contemporary Russian domestic politics in relation to Chechen separatism, the media, terrorism, religion, political parties, nationalism, migration, and the economy. Although there are of course connections between these policy areas — some more so than others — each chapter can be read on its own as an overview of policy development in its designated field, with an emphasis on the role that security concerns have played in the creation and implementation of policy. This concluding chapter brings together these mezo-level analyses into a macro-level assessment of contemporary Russia. In essence, it asks how accurate it is to portray Russia under Vladimir Putin as a country where policy-making is dominated by security.
Anne Ring Petersen
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781526121905
- eISBN:
- 9781526132352
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Manchester University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7228/manchester/9781526121905.003.0007
- Subject:
- Art, Art History
Through close-readings of two video installations, Chapter 6 addresses the problematics of the increasing securitisation of nation-state borders in ‘Fortress Europe’ and beyond, which restricts the ...
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Through close-readings of two video installations, Chapter 6 addresses the problematics of the increasing securitisation of nation-state borders in ‘Fortress Europe’ and beyond, which restricts the movements of people who are forced to migrate by war, destitution, persecution or environmental reasons. Ursula Biemann’s video-essay Sahara Chronicle (2006-7) is used to unpack the general question of how artistic productions can respond to discourses on complex political issues such as forced migration, European border policies, and the risk of reducing migrants to ‘bare life’ (Agamben) in the politico-juridical order. Isaac Julien’s video installation Western Union: Small Boats (2007) is used to examine how the enforcement of European borders against irregular migration surfaces in the artistic-cinematic imaginary. Chapter 6 explores the tensional interpenetration of politics, ethics and aesthetics in Julien’s installation. Using a concept coined by Mieke Bal, it proposes that Isaac Julien’s installation could be conceived of as an instance of ‘migratory aesthetics’. However, the sheer beauty of his cinematic representation of the real-life tragedies of migrants makes it necessary to move beyond the question of aesthetics and consider the issue of aestheticisation and the ethical relation of the artist to his subject matter.Less
Through close-readings of two video installations, Chapter 6 addresses the problematics of the increasing securitisation of nation-state borders in ‘Fortress Europe’ and beyond, which restricts the movements of people who are forced to migrate by war, destitution, persecution or environmental reasons. Ursula Biemann’s video-essay Sahara Chronicle (2006-7) is used to unpack the general question of how artistic productions can respond to discourses on complex political issues such as forced migration, European border policies, and the risk of reducing migrants to ‘bare life’ (Agamben) in the politico-juridical order. Isaac Julien’s video installation Western Union: Small Boats (2007) is used to examine how the enforcement of European borders against irregular migration surfaces in the artistic-cinematic imaginary. Chapter 6 explores the tensional interpenetration of politics, ethics and aesthetics in Julien’s installation. Using a concept coined by Mieke Bal, it proposes that Isaac Julien’s installation could be conceived of as an instance of ‘migratory aesthetics’. However, the sheer beauty of his cinematic representation of the real-life tragedies of migrants makes it necessary to move beyond the question of aesthetics and consider the issue of aestheticisation and the ethical relation of the artist to his subject matter.
Camelia Suleiman
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781474420860
- eISBN:
- 9781474435666
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Edinburgh University Press
- DOI:
- 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420860.003.0002
- Subject:
- Linguistics, Sociolinguistics / Anthropological Linguistics
This chapter discusses the affinity between the teaching and the scholarship of Arabic and the nation-building in Israel. The three generations of scholars identified in this chapter have contributed ...
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This chapter discusses the affinity between the teaching and the scholarship of Arabic and the nation-building in Israel. The three generations of scholars identified in this chapter have contributed to the discourse of subordination of Arabic. Academia has also played a role in strengthening the ties between the Arabic language and the national security of Israel. A study of the Arab (MK) Ahmad Tibi’s style in his Knesset speeches reveals that Arabic is used for making or reinforcing a point he is generally expressing in the Hebrew language, thus Tibi, while getting attention for his message, is still confining Arabic to a subordinate position to that of Hebrew. Moreover, in analyzing interviews of journalists and students, the mood in regard to the Arabic language seems gloomy, as they sense its subordination to Hebrew, as well as their subordination as a group to the Jewish hegemony of the majority. At the same time, however, these interviewees demonstrate a linguistic repertoire that is highly sophisticated and diverse.Less
This chapter discusses the affinity between the teaching and the scholarship of Arabic and the nation-building in Israel. The three generations of scholars identified in this chapter have contributed to the discourse of subordination of Arabic. Academia has also played a role in strengthening the ties between the Arabic language and the national security of Israel. A study of the Arab (MK) Ahmad Tibi’s style in his Knesset speeches reveals that Arabic is used for making or reinforcing a point he is generally expressing in the Hebrew language, thus Tibi, while getting attention for his message, is still confining Arabic to a subordinate position to that of Hebrew. Moreover, in analyzing interviews of journalists and students, the mood in regard to the Arabic language seems gloomy, as they sense its subordination to Hebrew, as well as their subordination as a group to the Jewish hegemony of the majority. At the same time, however, these interviewees demonstrate a linguistic repertoire that is highly sophisticated and diverse.
