Steven Murray
J. Stanford and R.L. Newell (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520247284
- eISBN:
- 9780520932715
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520247284.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Monitoring changes in the intertidal zone of rocky shores has never been more critical. This sensitive habitat at the interface of land and ocean may well be the marine equivalent of the canary in a ...
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Monitoring changes in the intertidal zone of rocky shores has never been more critical. This sensitive habitat at the interface of land and ocean may well be the marine equivalent of the canary in a coal mine as we advance into an era of global climate change. This book describes effective methods and procedures for monitoring the ecological and environmental status of these areas. It provides critical discussions and evaluation of the various sampling techniques and field procedures for studies of intertidal macroinvertebrates, seaweeds, and seagrasses. Rather than prescribing standard protocols or procedures, the book breaks down the decision-making process into various elements so investigators can become aware of the advantages and disadvantages of choosing a particular method or approach. Topics include site selection, field sampling layouts and designs, selection of sampling units, nondestructive and destructive methods of quantifying abundance, and methods for measuring age, growth rates, size, structure, and reproductive condition.Less
Monitoring changes in the intertidal zone of rocky shores has never been more critical. This sensitive habitat at the interface of land and ocean may well be the marine equivalent of the canary in a coal mine as we advance into an era of global climate change. This book describes effective methods and procedures for monitoring the ecological and environmental status of these areas. It provides critical discussions and evaluation of the various sampling techniques and field procedures for studies of intertidal macroinvertebrates, seaweeds, and seagrasses. Rather than prescribing standard protocols or procedures, the book breaks down the decision-making process into various elements so investigators can become aware of the advantages and disadvantages of choosing a particular method or approach. Topics include site selection, field sampling layouts and designs, selection of sampling units, nondestructive and destructive methods of quantifying abundance, and methods for measuring age, growth rates, size, structure, and reproductive condition.
David R. Schiel and Michael S. Foster
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- January 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780520278868
- eISBN:
- 9780520961098
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520278868.001.0001
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in lush canopies, ...
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The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in lush canopies, giant kelp provides an extensive vertical habitat in a largely two-dimensional seascape. It is the foundation for one of the most species-rich, productive, and widely distributed ecological communities in the world. This review takes the reader from Darwin's early observations to contemporary research, providing a historical perspective for the modern understanding of giant kelp evolution, biogeography, biology, and physiology. The chapters furnish a discussion of kelp species and forest ecology worldwide, with considerations of human uses and abuses, management and conservation, and the current and likely future impacts of global change.Less
The largest seaweed, giant kelp (Macrocystis) is the fastest growing and most prolific of all plants found on earth. Growing from the seafloor and extending along the ocean surface in lush canopies, giant kelp provides an extensive vertical habitat in a largely two-dimensional seascape. It is the foundation for one of the most species-rich, productive, and widely distributed ecological communities in the world. This review takes the reader from Darwin's early observations to contemporary research, providing a historical perspective for the modern understanding of giant kelp evolution, biogeography, biology, and physiology. The chapters furnish a discussion of kelp species and forest ecology worldwide, with considerations of human uses and abuses, management and conservation, and the current and likely future impacts of global change.
Steven N. Murray, Richard F. Ambrose, and Megan N. Dethier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520247284
- eISBN:
- 9780520932715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520247284.003.0007
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Species abundances in rocky intertidal zones are generally expressed as numerical density or counts as cover. Occasionally, however, the goals of a sampling program require that the biomass of rocky ...
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Species abundances in rocky intertidal zones are generally expressed as numerical density or counts as cover. Occasionally, however, the goals of a sampling program require that the biomass of rocky intertidal organisms are determined and used to express abundance. Biomass is defined as the mass of living organisms in a population at the time of sampling. Unlike density determinations, which require the ability of the investigators to distinguish individual organisms, biomass can be measured for all seaweeds and invertebrates. This chapter describes a procedure for harvesting large seaweeds and macroinvertebrates from field plots.Less
Species abundances in rocky intertidal zones are generally expressed as numerical density or counts as cover. Occasionally, however, the goals of a sampling program require that the biomass of rocky intertidal organisms are determined and used to express abundance. Biomass is defined as the mass of living organisms in a population at the time of sampling. Unlike density determinations, which require the ability of the investigators to distinguish individual organisms, biomass can be measured for all seaweeds and invertebrates. This chapter describes a procedure for harvesting large seaweeds and macroinvertebrates from field plots.
Steven N. Murray, Richard F. Ambrose, and Megan N. Dethier
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520247284
- eISBN:
- 9780520932715
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520247284.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
Most rocky intertidal zone monitoring and impact studies are designed to determine the status of sampled populations solely in terms of abundance. This approach can present two problems. First, ...
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Most rocky intertidal zone monitoring and impact studies are designed to determine the status of sampled populations solely in terms of abundance. This approach can present two problems. First, abundance data alone do not adequately describe a population in a way that depicts its dynamics. Population density is a result of primary and secondary population parameters. A second problem involves the high “noise-to-signal” ratio because of the usual high variation obtained when sampling for abundance data or other population-based parameters. This chapter describes selected approaches for measuring secondary population parameters in rocky intertidal organisms. It focuses on procedures used to determine age and class size distributions, growth rates, sex or phase ratios, and reproduction in seaweeds and benthic invertebrates.Less
Most rocky intertidal zone monitoring and impact studies are designed to determine the status of sampled populations solely in terms of abundance. This approach can present two problems. First, abundance data alone do not adequately describe a population in a way that depicts its dynamics. Population density is a result of primary and secondary population parameters. A second problem involves the high “noise-to-signal” ratio because of the usual high variation obtained when sampling for abundance data or other population-based parameters. This chapter describes selected approaches for measuring secondary population parameters in rocky intertidal organisms. It focuses on procedures used to determine age and class size distributions, growth rates, sex or phase ratios, and reproduction in seaweeds and benthic invertebrates.
Ole G. Mouritsen, Klavs Styrbæk, and Jonas Drotner Mouritsen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231168908
- eISBN:
- 9780231537582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231168908.003.0004
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
This chapter examines how the intensity of the taste imparted by umami is affected by synergistic interactions with other substances that increase its gustatory intensity. It has been said that the ...
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This chapter examines how the intensity of the taste imparted by umami is affected by synergistic interactions with other substances that increase its gustatory intensity. It has been said that the taste imparted by equal amounts of glutamate and a nucleotide is eight times stronger than that produced by glutamate alone. In truth, the synergistic effect can be much stronger. This chapter first considers the two aspects of umami as a basal contribution, based on free glutamate, and a strengthening or synergistic contribution, which is due to the presence of 5'-ribonucleotides. It then explains how umami synergy is detected on the tongue and in the brain and cites Japanese dashi as a textbook example of umami synergy. It also discusses the art of making Japanese and Nordic dashi, how seaweeds enhance the umami in fish, how to make smoked shrimp heads, the interplay between glutamate and the four classic tastes, and how to create tastes synthetically.Less
This chapter examines how the intensity of the taste imparted by umami is affected by synergistic interactions with other substances that increase its gustatory intensity. It has been said that the taste imparted by equal amounts of glutamate and a nucleotide is eight times stronger than that produced by glutamate alone. In truth, the synergistic effect can be much stronger. This chapter first considers the two aspects of umami as a basal contribution, based on free glutamate, and a strengthening or synergistic contribution, which is due to the presence of 5'-ribonucleotides. It then explains how umami synergy is detected on the tongue and in the brain and cites Japanese dashi as a textbook example of umami synergy. It also discusses the art of making Japanese and Nordic dashi, how seaweeds enhance the umami in fish, how to make smoked shrimp heads, the interplay between glutamate and the four classic tastes, and how to create tastes synthetically.
Ole G. Mouritsen, Klavs Styrbæk, and Jonas Drotner Mouritsen
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- November 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780231168908
- eISBN:
- 9780231537582
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Columbia University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7312/columbia/9780231168908.003.0005
- Subject:
- Sociology, Science, Technology and Environment
This chapter focuses on three sources of umami that are found in the oceans: seaweeds, fish, and shellfish. It is likely that many cuisines in all parts of the world originally depended on fermented ...
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This chapter focuses on three sources of umami that are found in the oceans: seaweeds, fish, and shellfish. It is likely that many cuisines in all parts of the world originally depended on fermented fish and shellfish, cooked and cured meat, and seaweeds to add umami to a variety of dishes. In both Asia and Europe, preserved fish, together with the condiments made from them, have been used for at least two and a half millennia, and probably since long before then, as a simple, nutritious way to improve the taste of other foods, One might say that the history of using ingredients to prepare food that is rich in umami runs parallel to and reflects the overall evolution of the culinary arts. This chapter first considers seaweeds and konbu as sources of umami before turning to fresh fish and shellfish, cooked fish and shellfish dishes and soups, the use of umami in ancient Greece and Rome, and fish sauces and fish pastes. It then describes modern garum, shellfish paste, oyster sauce, sushi and fermented fish, and fish roe.Less
This chapter focuses on three sources of umami that are found in the oceans: seaweeds, fish, and shellfish. It is likely that many cuisines in all parts of the world originally depended on fermented fish and shellfish, cooked and cured meat, and seaweeds to add umami to a variety of dishes. In both Asia and Europe, preserved fish, together with the condiments made from them, have been used for at least two and a half millennia, and probably since long before then, as a simple, nutritious way to improve the taste of other foods, One might say that the history of using ingredients to prepare food that is rich in umami runs parallel to and reflects the overall evolution of the culinary arts. This chapter first considers seaweeds and konbu as sources of umami before turning to fresh fish and shellfish, cooked fish and shellfish dishes and soups, the use of umami in ancient Greece and Rome, and fish sauces and fish pastes. It then describes modern garum, shellfish paste, oyster sauce, sushi and fermented fish, and fish roe.
Alexander H. Harcourt
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- September 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520272118
- eISBN:
- 9780520951778
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520272118.003.0007
- Subject:
- Anthropology, Anthropology, Global
Our diet affects our physiology. People who can drink milk as adults have evolved different physiologies from those who cannot. The same is true of people who live on starch. Only the Japanese can ...
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Our diet affects our physiology. People who can drink milk as adults have evolved different physiologies from those who cannot. The same is true of people who live on starch. Only the Japanese can digest seaweed, again for essentially the same reason, namely adaptation. Peoples from different regions are differently susceptible to a variety of drugs, including alcohol. Genetic differences underlie several of the contrasting susceptibilities, but the degree to which this variation is due to adaptation or chance mutation still has to be determined. Arctic peoples' ability to eat amounts of fat that would probably make others ill is explained not by genes, but by a lifetime of a fatty diet, along with, in the past, a healthy lifestyle.Less
Our diet affects our physiology. People who can drink milk as adults have evolved different physiologies from those who cannot. The same is true of people who live on starch. Only the Japanese can digest seaweed, again for essentially the same reason, namely adaptation. Peoples from different regions are differently susceptible to a variety of drugs, including alcohol. Genetic differences underlie several of the contrasting susceptibilities, but the degree to which this variation is due to adaptation or chance mutation still has to be determined. Arctic peoples' ability to eat amounts of fat that would probably make others ill is explained not by genes, but by a lifetime of a fatty diet, along with, in the past, a healthy lifestyle.
