Andrew R. Holmes
- Published in print:
- 2006
- Published Online:
- January 2007
- ISBN:
- 9780199288656
- eISBN:
- 9780191710759
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199288656.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Church History
The first section of this chapter examines the communal, personal, and practical preparations for communion, including a general discussion of the practice of church discipline. The last two sections ...
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The first section of this chapter examines the communal, personal, and practical preparations for communion, including a general discussion of the practice of church discipline. The last two sections explore the organization, structure, and meaning of the communion season while highlighting some of the changes and continuities in the 19th century, particularly the impact of the reforms promoted by Presbyterian evangelicals.Less
The first section of this chapter examines the communal, personal, and practical preparations for communion, including a general discussion of the practice of church discipline. The last two sections explore the organization, structure, and meaning of the communion season while highlighting some of the changes and continuities in the 19th century, particularly the impact of the reforms promoted by Presbyterian evangelicals.
Tony D. Williams
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- October 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780691139821
- eISBN:
- 9781400842797
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Princeton University Press
- DOI:
- 10.23943/princeton/9780691139821.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ornithology
This chapter argues that the timing of the initiation of a single breeding event, or the initiation of the first of multiple breeding events within the same breeding season, is completely dependent ...
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This chapter argues that the timing of the initiation of a single breeding event, or the initiation of the first of multiple breeding events within the same breeding season, is completely dependent on the female-specific reproductive process of timing of egg production and egg-laying. It discusses how early-season events are critical in determining timing of breeding; fitness consequences of timing decisions; selection on timing of breeding; sex-specific response mechanisms for timing of breeding; physiological mechanisms associated with photoperiod (day length) as a proximate factor; physiological mechanisms associated with temperature as a proximate factor; and physiological mechanisms associated with food availability as a “proximate” factor.Less
This chapter argues that the timing of the initiation of a single breeding event, or the initiation of the first of multiple breeding events within the same breeding season, is completely dependent on the female-specific reproductive process of timing of egg production and egg-laying. It discusses how early-season events are critical in determining timing of breeding; fitness consequences of timing decisions; selection on timing of breeding; sex-specific response mechanisms for timing of breeding; physiological mechanisms associated with photoperiod (day length) as a proximate factor; physiological mechanisms associated with temperature as a proximate factor; and physiological mechanisms associated with food availability as a “proximate” factor.
David Kipen
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520268807
- eISBN:
- 9780520948877
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520268807.003.0005
- Subject:
- History, American History: 20th Century
This chapter lists the annual events in the San Francisco Bay area, such as: the Shrine East-West Football Game, the California Dog Show, the National Match Play Open Golf Championship, the Open Golf ...
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This chapter lists the annual events in the San Francisco Bay area, such as: the Shrine East-West Football Game, the California Dog Show, the National Match Play Open Golf Championship, the Open Golf Tournament, Chinese New Year, the Citrus Fair, the Easter Sunrise Services, Army Day, the Annual Pistol Shoot Food Show, the Spring Yacht Regatta, the Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival, the Wild Flower Show, the Iris Blooming Season, the Tamalpais Center Flower Show, the Spring Flower Show, the Children's May Day Festival, the Early Days Fiesta, the Rodeo, the Scandinavian Midsummer Day Celeration, the Fireworks and Motorboat Regatta, the Bastille Day Celebration, Admission Day celerbrations, the Labor Day Parade, the Columbus Day Festival and Motorboat Regatta, the Grand National Livestock Exposition, and the Parade of the Witches.Less
This chapter lists the annual events in the San Francisco Bay area, such as: the Shrine East-West Football Game, the California Dog Show, the National Match Play Open Golf Championship, the Open Golf Tournament, Chinese New Year, the Citrus Fair, the Easter Sunrise Services, Army Day, the Annual Pistol Shoot Food Show, the Spring Yacht Regatta, the Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival, the Wild Flower Show, the Iris Blooming Season, the Tamalpais Center Flower Show, the Spring Flower Show, the Children's May Day Festival, the Early Days Fiesta, the Rodeo, the Scandinavian Midsummer Day Celeration, the Fireworks and Motorboat Regatta, the Bastille Day Celebration, Admission Day celerbrations, the Labor Day Parade, the Columbus Day Festival and Motorboat Regatta, the Grand National Livestock Exposition, and the Parade of the Witches.
David Manning
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195182392
- eISBN:
- 9780199851485
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182392.003.0088
- Subject:
- Music, History, Western
The subjects of English folk songs—whether they deal with romance, tragedy, conviviality, or legend—have the background of nature and its seasons. When the lovers make love the plough boys are ...
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The subjects of English folk songs—whether they deal with romance, tragedy, conviviality, or legend—have the background of nature and its seasons. When the lovers make love the plough boys are ploughing in the spring and the lark is singing. When May comes round the moment is appropriate to celebrate it in song. The succession of flowers in the garden provides symbols for the deserted lover. The festivity of the Harvest Home is celebrated in the allegory of “John Barleycorn.” The young maiden meets her dead lover among the storms and cold winds of autumn; and the joy of Christmas is set in its true background of frost and snow. The songs come from various sources from Cecil Sharp's Folk Songs from Somerset, and from the collections of Lucy Broadwood and Fuller Maitland.Less
The subjects of English folk songs—whether they deal with romance, tragedy, conviviality, or legend—have the background of nature and its seasons. When the lovers make love the plough boys are ploughing in the spring and the lark is singing. When May comes round the moment is appropriate to celebrate it in song. The succession of flowers in the garden provides symbols for the deserted lover. The festivity of the Harvest Home is celebrated in the allegory of “John Barleycorn.” The young maiden meets her dead lover among the storms and cold winds of autumn; and the joy of Christmas is set in its true background of frost and snow. The songs come from various sources from Cecil Sharp's Folk Songs from Somerset, and from the collections of Lucy Broadwood and Fuller Maitland.
Philip N. Mulder
- Published in print:
- 2002
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195131635
- eISBN:
- 9780199834525
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195131630.003.0002
- Subject:
- Religion, History of Christianity
Although the Great Awakening temporarily split Presbyterians into Old Side and New Side, moderation prevailed as Presbyterians tamed the New Light with their traditional emphases on clerical ...
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Although the Great Awakening temporarily split Presbyterians into Old Side and New Side, moderation prevailed as Presbyterians tamed the New Light with their traditional emphases on clerical training, education, and theological and ecclesiastical balance. Ministers like Samuel Davies exemplified temperateness as they worked to promote religious warmth – not heat – in conversion, at the same time wresting toleration from the Anglican Church. Presbyterians concentrated their efforts within their own ethnic communities in the Shenandoah Valley and southern Piedmont, expecting potential converts to be attracted to their system and communion seasons.Less
Although the Great Awakening temporarily split Presbyterians into Old Side and New Side, moderation prevailed as Presbyterians tamed the New Light with their traditional emphases on clerical training, education, and theological and ecclesiastical balance. Ministers like Samuel Davies exemplified temperateness as they worked to promote religious warmth – not heat – in conversion, at the same time wresting toleration from the Anglican Church. Presbyterians concentrated their efforts within their own ethnic communities in the Shenandoah Valley and southern Piedmont, expecting potential converts to be attracted to their system and communion seasons.
John E. Cort
- Published in print:
- 2001
- Published Online:
- November 2003
- ISBN:
- 9780195132342
- eISBN:
- 9780199834112
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/0195132343.003.0007
- Subject:
- Religion, Religion and Society
Provides a detailed description of the many festivals that constitute the Jain religious year. The most intense period of community observance is the four‐month rainy season retreat (caturmasa), when ...
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Provides a detailed description of the many festivals that constitute the Jain religious year. The most intense period of community observance is the four‐month rainy season retreat (caturmasa), when all mendicants must cease their travels and reside in one place, thereby allowing for extended interaction with the laity. One high point of the retreat is Paryusan; it involves the public recitation of the Kalpa Sutra (which contains biographies of the Jinas, the history of the early mendicant lineages, and the basic mendicant rules), the celebration of Mahavira's birth, and rituals of expiation for all the karmically harmful deeds, words, and thoughts of the previous year. The other high point is the new year festival of Divali (Diwali), when Jain merchants start their annual account books, and all lay Jains engage in rituals designed to ensure a maximum of worldly well‐being for the coming year.Less
Provides a detailed description of the many festivals that constitute the Jain religious year. The most intense period of community observance is the four‐month rainy season retreat (caturmasa), when all mendicants must cease their travels and reside in one place, thereby allowing for extended interaction with the laity. One high point of the retreat is Paryusan; it involves the public recitation of the Kalpa Sutra (which contains biographies of the Jinas, the history of the early mendicant lineages, and the basic mendicant rules), the celebration of Mahavira's birth, and rituals of expiation for all the karmically harmful deeds, words, and thoughts of the previous year. The other high point is the new year festival of Divali (Diwali), when Jain merchants start their annual account books, and all lay Jains engage in rituals designed to ensure a maximum of worldly well‐being for the coming year.
Alan C. Bowen and Robert B. Todd
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- March 2012
- ISBN:
- 9780520233256
- eISBN:
- 9780520928510
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520233256.003.0004
- Subject:
- Classical Studies, Ancient Greek, Roman, and Early Christian Philosophy
This chapter shows that the latitudes of the Earth have differing seasons caused by the motion of the Sun in the zodiacal circle. The lengthening of daytimes causes the seasons to be reversed in the ...
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This chapter shows that the latitudes of the Earth have differing seasons caused by the motion of the Sun in the zodiacal circle. The lengthening of daytimes causes the seasons to be reversed in the temperate zones. Since the equinoctial circle is a great circle, it also maintains the same position relative [to the Earth] even in the temperate zones, whereas the [successive circles] that proceed from it toward the poles do not. The daytime gets continually shorter until the Sun approaches the winter tropic, while the nighttime remains longer than the daytime until, after the solstice at the winter tropic, the Sun provides a daytime that gets longer by turning back from this tropic to approach the equinoctial circle and causes the vernal equinox.Less
This chapter shows that the latitudes of the Earth have differing seasons caused by the motion of the Sun in the zodiacal circle. The lengthening of daytimes causes the seasons to be reversed in the temperate zones. Since the equinoctial circle is a great circle, it also maintains the same position relative [to the Earth] even in the temperate zones, whereas the [successive circles] that proceed from it toward the poles do not. The daytime gets continually shorter until the Sun approaches the winter tropic, while the nighttime remains longer than the daytime until, after the solstice at the winter tropic, the Sun provides a daytime that gets longer by turning back from this tropic to approach the equinoctial circle and causes the vernal equinox.
Jules Pretty
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- May 2018
- ISBN:
- 9781501709333
- eISBN:
- 9781501709340
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501709333.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Environmental Studies
This book is a work of creative nonfiction in which the acclaimed author integrates memoir, natural history, cultural critique, and spiritual reflection into a single compelling narrative. The book ...
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This book is a work of creative nonfiction in which the acclaimed author integrates memoir, natural history, cultural critique, and spiritual reflection into a single compelling narrative. The book is framed around Aldo Leopold and his classic A Sand County Almanac, bringing Leopold's ethic—that some could live without nature but most should not—into the twenty-first century. The author follows the seasons through seventy-four tales set in a variety of landscapes from valley to salty shore. The book convinces us that we should all develop long attachments to the local, observing that the land can change us for the better.Less
This book is a work of creative nonfiction in which the acclaimed author integrates memoir, natural history, cultural critique, and spiritual reflection into a single compelling narrative. The book is framed around Aldo Leopold and his classic A Sand County Almanac, bringing Leopold's ethic—that some could live without nature but most should not—into the twenty-first century. The author follows the seasons through seventy-four tales set in a variety of landscapes from valley to salty shore. The book convinces us that we should all develop long attachments to the local, observing that the land can change us for the better.
Dietland Müller-Schwarze
- Published in print:
- 2011
- Published Online:
- August 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780801450105
- eISBN:
- 9780801460869
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9780801450105.003.0008
- Subject:
- Biology, Animal Behavior / Behavioral Ecology
This chapter explains how beavers spend their time on a typical day. Three factors determine when a beaver is active and when it rests: exposure to the natural light cycle, air temperature, and ...
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This chapter explains how beavers spend their time on a typical day. Three factors determine when a beaver is active and when it rests: exposure to the natural light cycle, air temperature, and season. Beavers stay in their lodge during the day, from about 0800 to 2000 hours in the summer in northern latitudes. During the first part of the night they feed, and during the second half they construct dams and lodges. The beaver can decouple its daily activity rhythm from the natural 24-hour light cycle. It shows a free-running activity period that is much longer than 24 hours. In summer, beavers are synchronized with the 24-hour day. In winter, above-ice activity ceases at certain critical low temperatures.Less
This chapter explains how beavers spend their time on a typical day. Three factors determine when a beaver is active and when it rests: exposure to the natural light cycle, air temperature, and season. Beavers stay in their lodge during the day, from about 0800 to 2000 hours in the summer in northern latitudes. During the first part of the night they feed, and during the second half they construct dams and lodges. The beaver can decouple its daily activity rhythm from the natural 24-hour light cycle. It shows a free-running activity period that is much longer than 24 hours. In summer, beavers are synchronized with the 24-hour day. In winter, above-ice activity ceases at certain critical low temperatures.
Roger Pearson
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198159179
- eISBN:
- 9780191673535
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159179.003.0013
- Subject:
- Literature, European Literature, Poetry
A fold, or ‘ptyx’, in a single sheet of paper is sufficient to create a minimalist book of four pages, and this ‘pliage’ is simulated both by the four stanzas of a single sonnet and by the ‘quartet’ ...
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A fold, or ‘ptyx’, in a single sheet of paper is sufficient to create a minimalist book of four pages, and this ‘pliage’ is simulated both by the four stanzas of a single sonnet and by the ‘quartet’ of sonnets entitled ‘Plusieurs Sonnets’. The consequences of this enfolding have seldom been explored, and yet it is clear from the fact that Mallarmé experimented with the order in which he presented these sonnets that he was conscious of their combinatory potential. More especially the texts themselves, though grouped under the deceptively simple title of ‘Plusieurs Sonnets’, plainly suggest that Mallarmé extended the lacework of Sonnet allégorique de lui-même not only by rewriting it as ‘Ses purs ongles . . .’ but by linking it with three other sonnets in a quartet which reflects at once the quadriform nature of the cross, the four parts of a symphony, and the passage of the seasons.Less
A fold, or ‘ptyx’, in a single sheet of paper is sufficient to create a minimalist book of four pages, and this ‘pliage’ is simulated both by the four stanzas of a single sonnet and by the ‘quartet’ of sonnets entitled ‘Plusieurs Sonnets’. The consequences of this enfolding have seldom been explored, and yet it is clear from the fact that Mallarmé experimented with the order in which he presented these sonnets that he was conscious of their combinatory potential. More especially the texts themselves, though grouped under the deceptively simple title of ‘Plusieurs Sonnets’, plainly suggest that Mallarmé extended the lacework of Sonnet allégorique de lui-même not only by rewriting it as ‘Ses purs ongles . . .’ but by linking it with three other sonnets in a quartet which reflects at once the quadriform nature of the cross, the four parts of a symphony, and the passage of the seasons.
Richard Higgins and Richard Higgins
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780520294042
- eISBN:
- 9780520967311
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520294042.003.0018
- Subject:
- Literature, American, 19th Century Literature
Thoreau loved trees in all seasons but had a special fondness for trees transformed by snow. Winter made the familiar trees he saw all year look new. After a winter storm, Thoreau went to see them as ...
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Thoreau loved trees in all seasons but had a special fondness for trees transformed by snow. Winter made the familiar trees he saw all year look new. After a winter storm, Thoreau went to see them as excited as a child on Christmas morning. He saw surreal and poetic forms in trees covered in snow. They were statues draped in white in a gigantic sculptor’s studio. Trees glistening with ice or clad in a coat of white quickened his pulse and stirred his pen. They stirred some of his best writing about trees.Less
Thoreau loved trees in all seasons but had a special fondness for trees transformed by snow. Winter made the familiar trees he saw all year look new. After a winter storm, Thoreau went to see them as excited as a child on Christmas morning. He saw surreal and poetic forms in trees covered in snow. They were statues draped in white in a gigantic sculptor’s studio. Trees glistening with ice or clad in a coat of white quickened his pulse and stirred his pen. They stirred some of his best writing about trees.
James Sambrook
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198117889
- eISBN:
- 9780191671104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117889.003.0004
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter discusses Thomson's first dramatic attempt, the story of the Queen of Carthage, Sophonisba. It is believed that Thomson began writing this by the summer of 1729. Although this play was ...
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This chapter discusses Thomson's first dramatic attempt, the story of the Queen of Carthage, Sophonisba. It is believed that Thomson began writing this by the summer of 1729. Although this play was not widely praised, it was able to gain Thomson more recognition and financial benefits. Further discussions on Thomson's work The Seasons are also included in this chapter.Less
This chapter discusses Thomson's first dramatic attempt, the story of the Queen of Carthage, Sophonisba. It is believed that Thomson began writing this by the summer of 1729. Although this play was not widely praised, it was able to gain Thomson more recognition and financial benefits. Further discussions on Thomson's work The Seasons are also included in this chapter.
James Sambrook
- Published in print:
- 1991
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198117889
- eISBN:
- 9780191671104
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198117889.003.0009
- Subject:
- Literature, Poetry
This chapter discusses the letters Thomson wrote during his courtship of Elizabeth Young. It is rather difficult to describe this courtship, due to the fact that hardly anything is known about ...
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This chapter discusses the letters Thomson wrote during his courtship of Elizabeth Young. It is rather difficult to describe this courtship, due to the fact that hardly anything is known about Elizabeth. This chapter also includes the different revisions made of Seasons and Tancred and Sigismunda.Less
This chapter discusses the letters Thomson wrote during his courtship of Elizabeth Young. It is rather difficult to describe this courtship, due to the fact that hardly anything is known about Elizabeth. This chapter also includes the different revisions made of Seasons and Tancred and Sigismunda.
John A. Stempien and John Linstrom (eds)
- Published in print:
- 2019
- Published Online:
- January 2020
- ISBN:
- 9781501740237
- eISBN:
- 9781501740275
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Cornell University Press
- DOI:
- 10.7591/cornell/9781501740237.003.0035
- Subject:
- History, Environmental History
The seasons, through the sunshine, dew, and frost, are contained in every individual apple that springs from tended orchard trees-bringing all the seasons home in this poem.
The seasons, through the sunshine, dew, and frost, are contained in every individual apple that springs from tended orchard trees-bringing all the seasons home in this poem.
Solly Angel
- Published in print:
- 2004
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195158687
- eISBN:
- 9780199849826
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158687.003.0001
- Subject:
- Business and Management, Innovation
One day in 1986, the author had a mini-vision that the portable personal scale, more commonly known as the bathroom scale, could be reinvented so that it would be no more than a quarter inch in ...
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One day in 1986, the author had a mini-vision that the portable personal scale, more commonly known as the bathroom scale, could be reinvented so that it would be no more than a quarter inch in thickness and weigh no more than one pound. Then, it would be truly portable and one could even carry it around in one's bag on one's travels, like just another accessory. As a result, this chapter discusses The Tale of the Scale, which is the story of how this plan was conducted. Before elaborating on this mini-vision, it first explains what the author was doing in Bangkok of all places in the 1986 rainy season.Less
One day in 1986, the author had a mini-vision that the portable personal scale, more commonly known as the bathroom scale, could be reinvented so that it would be no more than a quarter inch in thickness and weigh no more than one pound. Then, it would be truly portable and one could even carry it around in one's bag on one's travels, like just another accessory. As a result, this chapter discusses The Tale of the Scale, which is the story of how this plan was conducted. Before elaborating on this mini-vision, it first explains what the author was doing in Bangkok of all places in the 1986 rainy season.
Penne L. Restad
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109801
- eISBN:
- 9780199854073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109801.003.0003
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Despite the recognition of Christmas during the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary days of America, the Yuletide season did not gain its popularity for many years. It was during the 1820s that ...
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Despite the recognition of Christmas during the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary days of America, the Yuletide season did not gain its popularity for many years. It was during the 1820s that things changed when modernization helped to spread beliefs about the birth of Christ. When new railroads and roads were built across the land, Americans started to feel connected, and this provided an effective medium for the birth of the essence of a new Christmas tradition. This chapter tackles the growth and the increasing prominence of the celebration of Christmas in the vast geography and ethnicity of America. It is during this time that the wide acceptance of Christmas as a national holiday was finally achieved.Less
Despite the recognition of Christmas during the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary days of America, the Yuletide season did not gain its popularity for many years. It was during the 1820s that things changed when modernization helped to spread beliefs about the birth of Christ. When new railroads and roads were built across the land, Americans started to feel connected, and this provided an effective medium for the birth of the essence of a new Christmas tradition. This chapter tackles the growth and the increasing prominence of the celebration of Christmas in the vast geography and ethnicity of America. It is during this time that the wide acceptance of Christmas as a national holiday was finally achieved.
Penne L. Restad
- Published in print:
- 1997
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780195109801
- eISBN:
- 9780199854073
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195109801.003.0010
- Subject:
- History, Cultural History
Indeed Christmas would not be Christmas if the most famous man in the Yuletide Season is not available to deliver gifts to children. This man is of course Santa Claus. This chapter discusses the ...
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Indeed Christmas would not be Christmas if the most famous man in the Yuletide Season is not available to deliver gifts to children. This man is of course Santa Claus. This chapter discusses the history behind the existence of Santa Claus. The character of Santa Claus in this text is dissected to its specific symbols and meanings from the way he looks to his charitable acts of gift giving for children. Defined as a successful factory owner, philanthropist, and quasi-religious figure, Santa Claus stood originally as a symbol of a nation that could neither fully embrace its growing wealth nor forsake its search for spiritual meaning in the celebration of Christmas.Less
Indeed Christmas would not be Christmas if the most famous man in the Yuletide Season is not available to deliver gifts to children. This man is of course Santa Claus. This chapter discusses the history behind the existence of Santa Claus. The character of Santa Claus in this text is dissected to its specific symbols and meanings from the way he looks to his charitable acts of gift giving for children. Defined as a successful factory owner, philanthropist, and quasi-religious figure, Santa Claus stood originally as a symbol of a nation that could neither fully embrace its growing wealth nor forsake its search for spiritual meaning in the celebration of Christmas.
Ronald Hutton
- Published in print:
- 1996
- Published Online:
- October 2011
- ISBN:
- 9780198205708
- eISBN:
- 9780191676758
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205708.003.0011
- Subject:
- History, British and Irish Medieval History, British and Irish Early Modern History
In medieval and early modern England the ploughing season began immediately after the end of the Christmas holidays; and indeed this remained true until the widespread adoption of winter cereal crops ...
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In medieval and early modern England the ploughing season began immediately after the end of the Christmas holidays; and indeed this remained true until the widespread adoption of winter cereal crops in the twentieth century. Since the harvest, arable fields would have been left spiked with fading stubble; now the soil, wet through by the autumn and winter rains, would be turned over by ploughs dragged first by oxen, later by horses, and latest of all by tractors. It was a process that would last far into March. Medieval records contain stray references to customs associated with the opening of it. In the late thirteenth century, for example, the villagers of Carlton in Lindrick, at the northern tip of Nottinghamshire, held a plough race in the common fields on January 7. The rites of the opening of this work were becoming concentrated on the first Monday after Twelfth Night, known familiarly as ‘Plough Monday’.Less
In medieval and early modern England the ploughing season began immediately after the end of the Christmas holidays; and indeed this remained true until the widespread adoption of winter cereal crops in the twentieth century. Since the harvest, arable fields would have been left spiked with fading stubble; now the soil, wet through by the autumn and winter rains, would be turned over by ploughs dragged first by oxen, later by horses, and latest of all by tractors. It was a process that would last far into March. Medieval records contain stray references to customs associated with the opening of it. In the late thirteenth century, for example, the villagers of Carlton in Lindrick, at the northern tip of Nottinghamshire, held a plough race in the common fields on January 7. The rites of the opening of this work were becoming concentrated on the first Monday after Twelfth Night, known familiarly as ‘Plough Monday’.
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- May 2014
- ISBN:
- 9781846311314
- eISBN:
- 9781781380680
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
- DOI:
- 10.5949/UPO9781846315596.014
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Cultural Studies
This chapter discusses the specific expressions and alternative expressions for certain times and dates in Manx. It covers expressions for seasons; months; days of the week; expressions about days ...
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This chapter discusses the specific expressions and alternative expressions for certain times and dates in Manx. It covers expressions for seasons; months; days of the week; expressions about days and nights; times of day; periods of time; festivals.Less
This chapter discusses the specific expressions and alternative expressions for certain times and dates in Manx. It covers expressions for seasons; months; days of the week; expressions about days and nights; times of day; periods of time; festivals.
Leonard Shengold
- Published in print:
- 2007
- Published Online:
- October 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780300116106
- eISBN:
- 9780300134681
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300116106.003.0006
- Subject:
- Psychology, Developmental Psychology
This chapter focuses on the Greek myth of Demeter and Persephone, which alludes to the change of seasons and exemplifies the link between change and expectation of loss. It emphasizes the myth's ...
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This chapter focuses on the Greek myth of Demeter and Persephone, which alludes to the change of seasons and exemplifies the link between change and expectation of loss. It emphasizes the myth's psychological origin in the developmental separation from mother.Less
This chapter focuses on the Greek myth of Demeter and Persephone, which alludes to the change of seasons and exemplifies the link between change and expectation of loss. It emphasizes the myth's psychological origin in the developmental separation from mother.
