Dominic A. Hodgson and John P. Smol
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- January 2009
- ISBN:
- 9780199213887
- eISBN:
- 9780191707506
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199213887.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology, Aquatic Biology
This chapter describes the role that paleolimnological studies have played in reconstructing the geomorphological origin and development of high latitude lakes. A description is provided on how both ...
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This chapter describes the role that paleolimnological studies have played in reconstructing the geomorphological origin and development of high latitude lakes. A description is provided on how both organic and inorganic components incorporated into lake sediments record changes within lakes as well as in the surrounding environment. This allows tracking of past changes in climate, hydrology, vegetation, sea level, human impacts on fish and wildlife populations, ultraviolet radiation, and atmospheric and terrestrial pollutants. The chapter covers some synthesis studies that have combined paleolimnological data from multiple lakes across the Arctic and Antarctic in order to identify the magnitude and direction of environmental changes at regional to continental scales. The geographic scope of the chapter includes the Arctic north of the tree line (tundra or polar desert catchments), the Antarctic continent and Antarctic Peninsula region, with occasional reference to the warmer sub-Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions.Less
This chapter describes the role that paleolimnological studies have played in reconstructing the geomorphological origin and development of high latitude lakes. A description is provided on how both organic and inorganic components incorporated into lake sediments record changes within lakes as well as in the surrounding environment. This allows tracking of past changes in climate, hydrology, vegetation, sea level, human impacts on fish and wildlife populations, ultraviolet radiation, and atmospheric and terrestrial pollutants. The chapter covers some synthesis studies that have combined paleolimnological data from multiple lakes across the Arctic and Antarctic in order to identify the magnitude and direction of environmental changes at regional to continental scales. The geographic scope of the chapter includes the Arctic north of the tree line (tundra or polar desert catchments), the Antarctic continent and Antarctic Peninsula region, with occasional reference to the warmer sub-Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions.
David E. Anderson, Andrew S. Goudie, and Adrian G. Parker
- Published in print:
- 2013
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780199697267
- eISBN:
- 9780191810169
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- DOI:
- 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199697267.003.0006
- Subject:
- Biology, Biodiversity / Conservation Biology
This chapter studies the importance, the evidence, and the causes of sea level changes. Sea levels are low during glacials and are high during interglacials. The rapid rise in the sea level in ...
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This chapter studies the importance, the evidence, and the causes of sea level changes. Sea levels are low during glacials and are high during interglacials. The rapid rise in the sea level in post-glacial times caused the submerging of many coastlines and the rise of the areas covered in ice caps in the Pleistocene because of their loss of ice burden.Less
This chapter studies the importance, the evidence, and the causes of sea level changes. Sea levels are low during glacials and are high during interglacials. The rapid rise in the sea level in post-glacial times caused the submerging of many coastlines and the rise of the areas covered in ice caps in the Pleistocene because of their loss of ice burden.
Patrick D. Nunn
- Published in print:
- 2008
- Published Online:
- November 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780824832193
- eISBN:
- 9780824870188
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of Hawai'i Press
- DOI:
- 10.21313/hawaii/9780824832193.003.0002
- Subject:
- Society and Culture, Pacific Studies
The Pacific Basin comprises two distinct parts, the continental Pacific Rim and the oceanic Pacific Ocean and Islands. Rather than being a single giant basin, the modern Pacific Basin is actually a ...
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The Pacific Basin comprises two distinct parts, the continental Pacific Rim and the oceanic Pacific Ocean and Islands. Rather than being a single giant basin, the modern Pacific Basin is actually a series of basins divided by ranges of mountains (mostly underwater). Despite their diversity, these ocean basins share a common oceanic origin, broadly unrelated to the origins of the continents, which are mostly much older. This chapter outlines the background to the dynamic condition of the Pacific Basin. It explains its evolution and describes the processes by which movements of the land (tectonic movements) have taken place. Topics covered include the history of the Pacific; uplift, subsidence, sea-level changes in the Pacific; and the inability to verify theories (or models) that seek to explain historical processes of earth-surface evolution because they deal with things that happened in the past.Less
The Pacific Basin comprises two distinct parts, the continental Pacific Rim and the oceanic Pacific Ocean and Islands. Rather than being a single giant basin, the modern Pacific Basin is actually a series of basins divided by ranges of mountains (mostly underwater). Despite their diversity, these ocean basins share a common oceanic origin, broadly unrelated to the origins of the continents, which are mostly much older. This chapter outlines the background to the dynamic condition of the Pacific Basin. It explains its evolution and describes the processes by which movements of the land (tectonic movements) have taken place. Topics covered include the history of the Pacific; uplift, subsidence, sea-level changes in the Pacific; and the inability to verify theories (or models) that seek to explain historical processes of earth-surface evolution because they deal with things that happened in the past.
J. Morgan Grove, Mary Cadenasso, Steward Pickett, and Gary Machlis
- Published in print:
- 2015
- Published Online:
- May 2016
- ISBN:
- 9780300101133
- eISBN:
- 9780300217865
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
- DOI:
- 10.12987/yale/9780300101133.001.0001
- Subject:
- Environmental Science, Nature
The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world's population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of ...
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The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world's population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of future cities requires attention to such diverse issues as human migration, public health, economic restructuring, water supply, climate and sea-level change, and much more. This book draws on two decades of pioneering social and ecological studies in Baltimore to propose a new way to think about cities and their social, political, and ecological complexity that will apply in many different parts of the world. The aim is to give fresh perspectives on how to study, build, and manage cities in innovative and sustainable ways.Less
The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world's population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of future cities requires attention to such diverse issues as human migration, public health, economic restructuring, water supply, climate and sea-level change, and much more. This book draws on two decades of pioneering social and ecological studies in Baltimore to propose a new way to think about cities and their social, political, and ecological complexity that will apply in many different parts of the world. The aim is to give fresh perspectives on how to study, build, and manage cities in innovative and sustainable ways.
Elizabeth Burke Watson
- Published in print:
- 2012
- Published Online:
- January 2013
- ISBN:
- 9780520274297
- eISBN:
- 9780520954014
- Item type:
- chapter
- Publisher:
- University of California Press
- DOI:
- 10.1525/california/9780520274297.003.0003
- Subject:
- Biology, Ecology
This chapter reviews the physical factors that shape tidal-marsh landscapes in the San Francisco estuary and discusses functional classes of landscape elements. Physical processes covered include ...
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This chapter reviews the physical factors that shape tidal-marsh landscapes in the San Francisco estuary and discusses functional classes of landscape elements. Physical processes covered include natural variability in salinity, responses to human-mediated surface-water management practices, tides, and rates of sea-level rise. Landscape elements include the marsh plain, fringing low marsh, marsh-upland ecotone, tidal channels, berms, and salt ponds, pannes, and salinas. Studies of tidal-channel structure, function, and stability are reviewed, with an emphasis on variations in planform and sinuosity, slumps, tidal asymmetry, and hydraulic geometry relations. Keys areas for future research are identified, with a focus on identifying how tidal wetlands are responding and will respond to present and future increased inundation regimes.Less
This chapter reviews the physical factors that shape tidal-marsh landscapes in the San Francisco estuary and discusses functional classes of landscape elements. Physical processes covered include natural variability in salinity, responses to human-mediated surface-water management practices, tides, and rates of sea-level rise. Landscape elements include the marsh plain, fringing low marsh, marsh-upland ecotone, tidal channels, berms, and salt ponds, pannes, and salinas. Studies of tidal-channel structure, function, and stability are reviewed, with an emphasis on variations in planform and sinuosity, slumps, tidal asymmetry, and hydraulic geometry relations. Keys areas for future research are identified, with a focus on identifying how tidal wetlands are responding and will respond to present and future increased inundation regimes.
